< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tvoriti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twarīˀtei, causative/iterative of Proto-Indo-European *twerH- (given as *twer- in Pokorny). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian tvérti (“to seize, to form”), Latvian tver̂t (“to seize, to hold”), Lithuanian tvárstyti (“to bandage”), Latvian tvar̂stît (“to snap, to catch”) (1sg. tvar̂stu), Lithuanian turė́ti (“to hold”), Latvian turêt (“to hold”), Old Prussian turīt (“to have”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek σορός (sorós, “urn”).

Verb

*tvorìti [1]

  1. to make

Inflection
Conjugation of *tvoriti (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*tvořenьje *tvoriti *tvoritъ *tvorilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *tvořenъ *tvorimъ
Active *tvořь *tvorę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tvorixъ*tvori*tvori *tvořǫ*tvoriši*tvoritь
Dual *tvorixově*tvorista*tvoriste *tvorivě*tvorita*tvorite
Plural *tvorixomъ*tvoriste*tvorišę *tvorimъ*tvorite*tvorętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *tvořaaxъ*tvořaaše*tvořaaše —*tvori*tvori
Dual *tvořaaxově*tvořaašeta*tvořaašete *tvorivě*tvorita—
Plural *tvořaaxomъ*tvořaašete*tvořaaxǫ *tvorimъ*tvorite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*tvorivъ is later doublet of past active participle

Descendants
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: творити (tvoriti, “to make, to do”), 1sg. творѭ (tvorjǫ)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: творя́ (tvorjá)
    • Macedonian: твори (tvori)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: тво̀рити (“to make, to do”), 1sg. тво̀рӣм
      Latin: tvòriti (“to make, to do”), 1sg. tvòrīm
    • Slovene: tvoríti (“to make, to form”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. tvorím (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: tvořit (“to make, to do”)
    • Polish: tworzyć (“to make, to do”), 1sg. tworzę
    • Slovak: tvoriť (“to make, to do”)
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: tworić
      • Lower Sorbian: tworiś

Further reading
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “твори́ть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 231
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “твори́ть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tvorìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 501: “v. (c) ‘make’”
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