Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mьstiti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Derksen, cognate with Old Norse missa (“loss, damage”). This is in turn cognate with English mis-, which is normally derived from Proto-Indo-European *mitto (“mutual, reciprocal”), from the root *meyth₂- (“to replace, to exchange, to swap”) (also reconstructed as *meytH-), a root extension of *mey- (“to change, to exchange”). Vasmer adds as cognates many more words from the same root: Latvian mît (“to change”) (1sg. miju), Sanskrit मेथति (méthati, “to alternate”), मिथति (mitháti, “to alternate”), Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬀 (miθa, “false”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬡𐬀 (miθβa, “paired”), 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬡𐬀𐬥𐬀 (miθβana, “paired”), Ancient Greek μοῖτος (moîtos, “reward, thanks”), Latin mūtō (“to change”), mūtuus (“mutual, reciprocal”), Old Irish mis-, mith- (“wrong”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐍉 (missō, “each other”).
Inflection
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *mьsťenьje | *mьstiti | *mьstitъ | *mьstilъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *mьsťenъ | *mьstimъ |
| Active | *mьsťь | *mьstę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *mьstixъ | *mьsti | *mьsti | *mьsťǫ | *mьstiši | *mьstitь |
| Dual | *mьstixově | *mьstista | *mьstiste | *mьstivě | *mьstita | *mьstite |
| Plural | *mьstixomъ | *mьstiste | *mьstišę | *mьstimъ | *mьstite | *mьstętь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *mьsťaaxъ | *mьsťaaše | *mьsťaaše | — | *mьsti | *mьsti |
| Dual | *mьsťaaxově | *mьsťaašeta | *mьsťaašete | *mьstivě | *mьstita | — |
| Plural | *mьsťaaxomъ | *mьsťaašete | *mьsťaaxǫ | *mьstimъ | *mьstite | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*mьstivъ is later doublet of past active participle
Related terms
- *mьstь, *mьsta (“revenge, vengeance”)
- *mitě (“in turn, alternately”)
- *mitusь (“opposite one another”)
- *mitva (“in turn, alternately?”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: мьстити (mĭstiti)
- Belarusian: мсціць (mscicʹ) (dialectal)
- Russian: мстить (mstitʹ)
- Ukrainian: мсти́ти (mstýty)
- Old East Slavic: мьстити (mĭstiti)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: мьстити (mĭstiti)
- Glagolitic: ⰿⱐⱄⱅⰻⱎⰻ (mĭstiši)
- Bulgarian: мъстя́ (mǎstjá)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: мастити (archaic?)
- Latin: mastiti (archaic?)
- Slovene: məstīti (tonal orthography) (obsolete)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “месть”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 526
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “месть”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “мстить”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1994), “*mьstiti (sę) I”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 21, Moscow: Nauka, page 172
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*mьstiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 343: “v. ‘take vengeance, revenge, avenge’”