< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/greti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *grebtì, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *grebtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian grė́bti (“to seize, to rob, to rake”), Latvian grebt (“to seize, to scrape, to excavate”), Sanskrit गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti), गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇā́ti, “to seize, to hold, to take”), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (graban, “to dig”), English grab. Per Derksen, the acute vowel of Lithuanian grė́bti is analogical after gróbti (“to seize”).

Note the development of the infinitive: *grebtì > *gretì (by regular sound change) > *grestì (by analogy with other consonant-stem verbs, most of which have infinitives in -*sti or -*zti) > *grebstì (by analogy with the stem *greb-, only in some languages).

Verb

*gretì impf [1][2]

  1. to dig, to scrape
  2. to rake

Inflection
Conjugation of *greti (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*grebenьje *greti *gretъ *greblъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *grebenъ *grebomъ
Active *grebъ *greby
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *greb(ox)ъ*grebe*grebe *grebǫ*grebeši*grebetь
Dual *greb(ox)ově*greb(e/os)ta*greb(e/os)te *grebevě*grebeta*grebete
Plural *greb(ox)omъ*greb(e/os)te*grebǫ, *grebošę *grebemъ*grebete*grebǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *greběaxъ*greběaše*greběaše —*grebi*grebi
Dual *greběaxově*greběašeta*greběašete *greběvě*greběta—
Plural *greběaxomъ*greběašete*greběaxǫ *greběmъ*greběte—

Derived terms
  • *grebenь (“comb”)
  • *gribati (“to dig, to scrape?”) (iterative)
  • *grobъ (“grave”)
  • *grabľa (“rake”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: грети (greti), грести (gresti) (both attested only from the 14th century)
      • Belarusian: грэ́бці (hrébci)
      • Russian: грести́ (grestí)
      • Ukrainian: гребти́ (hrebtý)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: hřésti
      • Czech: hřesti, hřebsti
    • Old Polish: grześć
    • Slovak: hriebsť

Further reading
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “гребу́”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “грести́”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, pages 215–216
  • Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grebti”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 07, Moscow: Nauka, page 109

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gretì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186: “v. (c) ‘dig, scrape, rake’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “grebti: grebǫ grebetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c grave, ro (PR 139)”
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