< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/goniti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ganīˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European gʷʰon-éye-ti, from *gʷʰen- (“to kill, strike”). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ganýti (“to graze, to pasture”), Latvian ganît (“to guard, to pasture”), Lithuanian giñti (“to chase, to drive”) (1sg. genù), also gìnti (1sg. ginù), Latvian dzìt (“to chase, to drive, to persecute”) (1sg. dzȩnu), Old Prussian guntwei (“to chase, to drive”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit हन्ति (hánti, “to strike, to kill”), Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌‎ (jainti), Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to kill”), Albanian gjuaj (“to chase”), Old Irish gonaid (“to injure”).

Verb

*gonìti impf

  1. to chase
  2. to persecute

Inflection
Conjugation of *goniti (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*goňenьje *goniti *gonitъ *gonilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *goňenъ *gonimъ
Active *goňь *gonę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *gonixъ*goni*goni *goňǫ*goniši*gonitь
Dual *gonixově*gonista*goniste *gonivě*gonita*gonite
Plural *gonixomъ*goniste*gonišę *gonimъ*gonite*gonętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *goňaaxъ*goňaaše*goňaaše —*goni*goni
Dual *goňaaxově*goňaašeta*goňaašete *gonivě*gonita—
Plural *goňaaxomъ*goňaašete*goňaaxǫ *gonimъ*gonite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*gonivъ is later doublet of past active participle
  • *gъnàti (“to chase, to persecute”)
  • *ganjati (“to chase, to persecute (iterative)”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: гонити (goniti) (accent paradigm b)
      • Belarusian: гані́ць (hanícʹ) (dialectal)
      • Russian: гони́ть (gonítʹ) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: гонити (honyty)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: гонити (goniti), 1sg. гонѭ (gonjǫ)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: го́ня (gónja)
    • Macedonian: гони (goni)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: го̀нити, 1sg. го̏нӣм
      Latin: gòniti, 1sg. gȍnīm
      • Chakavian (Vrgada): gonȉti, 2sg. gȍniš
      • Chakavian (Orbanići): gonȉt, 1sg. gȍnin
    • Slovene: góniti (“to drive repeatedly”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. gọ́nim (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: honit
    • Polish: gonić
    • Slovak: honiť
    • Slovincian: gʉ̀ɵ̯ńĭc
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: honić
      • Lower Sorbian: góniś

References
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “гнать”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 194
  • Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gonìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “гоню́”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
  • Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1980), “*goniti (sę)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 07, Moscow: Nauka, page 23
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