Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gnězdo
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *nisdá, from Proto-Indo-European *nisdós.
Baltic cognates include Lithuanian lìzdas, Latvian ligzds, ligzda. The Slavic forms show a different anlaut from the Baltic forms; the Slavic forms have gained an initial *gn- on the basis of some other model such as *gnojь (“manure, pus”), though which particular word was used as a model is hard to say. The choice of *gnojь (“manure, pus”) also has an possible advantage in that it can account for the presence of *ě in *gnězdo, otherwise an anomaly. Skok instead explains the anomalous cluster and the many reflexes in Serbo-Croatian as resulting from various dissimilations of the dental consonants. Mel’nyčuk suggests the initial part of the word was reconstructed on the model of *gněti or its precursor.
Inflection
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *gně̄zdò | *gně̃zdě | *gně̄zdà |
Accusative | *gně̄zdò | *gně̃zdě | *gně̄zdà |
Genitive | *gně̄zdà | *gně̄zdù | *gně̃zdъ |
Locative | *gně̄zdě̀ | *gně̄zdù | *gně̃zděxъ |
Dative | *gně̄zdù | *gně̄zdòma | *gně̄zdòmъ |
Instrumental | *gně̄zdъ̀mь, *gně̄zdòmь* | *gně̄zdòma | *gně̃zdy |
Vocative | *gně̄zdò | *gně̃zdě | *gně̄zdà |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: гнѣздо (gnězdo)
- Glagolitic: ⰳⱀⱑⰸⰴⱁ (gnězdo)
- Church Slavonic (Russian recension): гнѣздо (gnězdo)
- Bulgarian: гнездо́ (gnezdó)
- Macedonian: гнездо (gnezdo)
- Serbo-Croatian: gnijèzdo, gnézdo
- (Kosmet) gnjȇzdo
- (Banat) gnjizdo
- (Istria, Croatian Littoral) njāzlȍ
- (Čakavian) gńīzdȍ, gnjīzlȍ
- (Kajkavian) gnīēzdȅ
- (Burgenland Croatian) gnjazdo
- (Cres) njezlo
- Slovene: gnẹ́zdo (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “гнездо”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1979), “*gnězdo”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 06, Moscow: Nauka, page 171
- Skok, Petar (1971) Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volume 1, Zagreb: JAZU, page 576
- Melʹnyčuk O. S., editor (1982), “гніздо”, in Etymolohičnyj slovnyk ukrajinsʹkoji movy [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1, Kiev: Naukova Dumka, page 538
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gně̄zdò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “n. o (b) ‘nest’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “gnězdo, pl. gnězda / gnězda”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b feather (NA 105; SA 156; PR 135)”