< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrgati
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirˀg-, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥Hgʰ, from the root *derHgʰ- (given as *derHǵʰ- in Derksen, but this is likely a typo). Cognate with Lithuanian dìrginti (“to irritate”) (3sg. dìrgina, 3sg. past dìrgino), dìrgti (“to become weak”) (3sg. dìrgsta, 3sg. past dìrgo), Latvian dragât (“to pull, to tear”) (1sg. dragãju), derglît (“to tear, to split”) (1sg. derglĩju). Also cognate with Old English tiergan (“to irritate, to annoy”), German zergen (“to tease”) (dialectal), Dutch tergen (“to provoke”).
Inflection
Conjugation of *dьrgati (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dьrganьje | *dьrgati | *dьrgatъ | *dьrgalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dьrganъ | *dьrgajemъ |
| Active | *dьrgavъ | *dьrgaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dьrgaxъ | *dьrga | *dьrga | *dьrgajǫ | *dьrgaješi | *dьrgajetь |
| Dual | *dьrgaxově | *dьrgasta | *dьrgaste | *dьrgajevě | *dьrgajeta | *dьrgajete |
| Plural | *dьrgaxomъ | *dьrgaste | *dьrgašę | *dьrgajemъ | *dьrgajete | *dьrgajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *dьrgaaxъ | *dьrgaaše | *dьrgaaše | — | *dьrgaji | *dьrgaji |
| Dual | *dьrgaaxově | *dьrgaašeta | *dьrgaašete | *dьrgajivě | *dьrgajita | — |
| Plural | *dьrgaaxomъ | *dьrgaašete | *dьrgaaxǫ | *dьrgajimъ | *dьrgajite | — |
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: дрь́замь (drʹ́zamʹ, “to scutch, to swingle (hemp, flax)”) (archaic or dialectal; Gerov's dictionary)
- Slovene: dŕgati (“to rub, to sweep, to whet, to strangle”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. dȓgam (tonal orthography); dŕzati (“to scrape, to scratch, to comb (flax), to graze”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. dȓzam, dȓžem (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: drhat (“to tear, to pluck”) (rare)
- Polish: dziergać (“to stitch, to comb (flax), to make bobbin lace”), also (obsolete or dialectal) dzierzgać
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: źergaś (“to comb (flax)”)
Further reading
- Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “дёргать”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 242
- Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьrgati”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 05, Moscow: Nauka, page 221
- Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “дергать”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “dьrgati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 135: “v.”
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