< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-čь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms
  • *-ačь (when verb ending in -a-)
  • *-ičь (when verb ending in -i-)

Etymology

Underlyingly reflecting Proto-Indo-European / Proto-Balto-Slavic *-k-yos, formed by agglutination of *-yos (Common Slavic *-jь) onto the element *-kъ.

Cognate with Lithuanian -kis and Lithuanian -ķis.

Suffix

*-čь m

  1. Deverbal, forming agent nouns.
    Synonyms: *-teľь, *-ьcь, *-ьnikъ
    *kopati (“to dig”) → *kopačь (“digger”)
    *kovati (“to forge”) → *kovačь (“smith, blacksmith”)
    *běgati (“to run”) → *běgačь (“runner”)
    *jьgrati (“to play”) → *jьgračь (“player”)
    *vьrati (“to lie”) → *vьračь (“sorcerer, soothsayer, charlatan”)
    *pogoniti (“to pursue, observe”) → *pogoničь (“drover”)
    *roditi (“to give birth”) → *rodičь (“father”)
    *voditi (“to lead”) → *vodičь (“leader”)
    *badati\*bodati or *bodti > *bosti (“to sting, stab, butt”) → *bodačь (“that which stings, stabs, butts”)
  2. Deverbal, forming nomina instrumenti.
    Synonym: *-dlo
    *biti (“to beat”) → *bičь (“whip”)
    *briti (“to shave, cut hair/beard”) → *bričь (“cutting tool, razor”)

Declension
Declension of *-čь (soft o-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *-čь *-ča *-či
Accusative *-čь *-ča *-čę̇
Genitive *-ča *-ču *-čь
Locative *-či *-ču *-čixъ
Dative *-ču *-čema *-čemъ
Instrumental *-čьmь, *-čemь* *-čema *-či
Vocative *-ču *-ča *-či
* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

See also

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Slavic_words_suffixed_with_*-%C4%8D%D1%8C' title='Category:Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-čь'>Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-čь</a>

Usage notes
  • Used on verbs whose stem ends on vowels: -i-, -a- (-a- or -a/j- or -a/V-), (rarely) -ě-, (rarely) -V-

Descendants
  • After the loss of word-final jer, daughter languages have reinterpreted the thematic ending of the verb -i- and -a- as a part of the suffix itself.
  • In most of the daughters *-ačь merged with the reflex of *-čь which was preceded by the thematic vowel -a.
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Church Slavonic: -чь (-čĭ), -ачь (-ačĭ)
      Old Church Slavonic: -ⱍⱐ (-čĭ), -ⰰⱍⱐ (-ačĭ)
    • Bulgarian: -ич (-ič), -ач (-ač)
    • Macedonian: -ич (-ič), -ач (-ač)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Serbo-Croatian: -ич, -ач
      Serbo-Croatian: -ič, -ač
    • Slovene: -ič, -ȉč, -áč (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

References
  • Šekli, Matej (2012), “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies‎ (in Slovene), volume 10, issue 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974) Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume I, Wrocław: Polska Akademia Nauk, page 102f
  • Halla-aho, Jussi (2006) Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology: On the Basis of Old Church Slavic (Slavica Helsingiensia; 26)‎, Helsinki: University of Helsinki, page 68
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.