< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kop-, an asigmatic descendant of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-. The sigmatic counterpart is also extant via Old Church Slavonic скопити (skopiti, “to castrate”).

Cognate with Latvian kapât (“to chop, hew”), Lithuanian kapóti (“to chop, hew”), Old Prussian enkopts (“buried”). Indo-European cognates outside of Balto-Slavic include Ancient Greek κόπτω (kóptō, “to beat, to hit”).

Verb

*kopàti impf [1][2][3]

  1. to dig

Conjugation
Conjugation of *kopati (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kopanьje *kopati *kopatъ *kopalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kopanъ *kopajemъ
Active *kopavъ *kopaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kopaxъ*kopa*kopa *kopajǫ*kopaješi*kopajetь
Dual *kopaxově*kopasta*kopaste *kopajevě*kopajeta*kopajete
Plural *kopaxomъ*kopaste*kopašę *kopajemъ*kopajete*kopajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *kopaaxъ*kopaaše*kopaaše —*kopaji*kopaji
Dual *kopaaxově*kopaašeta*kopaašete *kopajivě*kopajita—
Plural *kopaaxomъ*kopaašete*kopaaxǫ *kopajimъ*kopajite—

Derived terms
  • *jьzkopati (“to dig up”)
  • *otъkopati (“to dig out”)
  • *vykopati (“to unearth”)
  • *orzkopati (“to excavate”)
  • *perkopati (“to dig again”)
  • *vъkopati (“to imbed”)
  • *okopati (“to trench”)
  • *zakopati (“to bury”)
  • *kopnǫti (“to shovel”)
  • *kopačь (“digger”)
  • *kopъ
    • *jьzkopъ (“earthwork”)
    • *okopъ (“ditch”)
    • *orzkopъka (“excavation”)
  • *kopyto (“hoof”)
  • *kopylo (“young boy”)
  • *kopa (“heap”)
  • *kopьje (“spear”)
  • *čьpľjěti (“to scrape”)
  • *čěpati (“to chop, to peck”)
  • *čěpatъ (“gnarly”)
  • *čepьcь (“cap”)
  • *čepakъ (“lid”)
  • *čepъ (“tap”)
  • *čepъka (“cluster”)

Descendants

Further reading

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kopàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 233: “v. ‘dig’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “kopati: kopajǫ kopajetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a grave (PR 134)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “kopáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*kopa̋ti”
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