< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-atъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀtas, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos. Technically, could also reflect Proto-Indo-European *-eh₃tós, though, this suffix is encountered only sporadically in lemmas of uncertain origin, e.g. Ancient Greek κῑβωτός (kībōtós, “coffer, wooden box, container”).

Reflects Latin *-ātus, Ancient Greek -ᾰτος (-atos) or Proto-Indo-Iranian *-ātas in loanwords such as demotic Late Church Slavonic креватъ (krevatŭ, “coach”) from Ancient Greek κράββατος (krábbatos, “bed”) or Proto-Slavic *xorvatъ from a Scythian ethnonym, rendered as Χοροάθος (Khoroáthos) in Ancient Greek records.

Suffix 1

*-а̀tъ m

  1. Forms agent or instrument nouns from reanalyzed adjectives
    *sǫpostatъ (“adversary, opponent”) ← *sъpostati (“to juxtapose, to оppose”)
    *kosatъ (“pigtail, dorsal fin (of fish, sharks or cetacea)”) ← *kosa (“hair”)
    *lopata f (“shovel, spade”) ← *lopъ (“sheet, leaf”)

Alternative forms
  • *-ata f, *-ato n
  • *-yto n (when appended to u-stems)

Declension
Declension of *-atъ (hard o-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *-atъ *-ata *-ati
Accusative *-atъ *-ata *-aty
Genitive *-ata *-atu *-atъ
Locative *-atě *-atu *-atěxъ
Dative *-atu *-atoma *-atomъ
Instrumental *-atъmь, *-atomь* *-atoma *-aty
Vocative *-ate *-ata *-ati
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Suffix 2

*-àtъ

  1. From agents, creates adjectives denoting a property or characteristic, usually with hyperbolic connotation
    *bȏgъ (“wealth, share; god”) → *bogàtъ (“wealthy”)
    *mǫžь (“man”) → *(vъz)mǫžàtъ (“masculine, manly”)
  2. From objects, creates adjectives denoting a characteristic or shape
    *kostь (“bone”) → *kostàtъ (“having prominent bones, bony”)
    *dȇrvo (“wood; tree”) → *dervàtъ (“abounding in trees, woody”)
    *ȃje (“egg”) → *ajàtъ (“ovate, egg-shaped”)
    *krьstъ (“crucifix”) → *krьstàtъ (“cross, transverse”)
  3. From body parts, creates adjectives referring to the respective part
    *bordà (“beard”) → *bordàtъ (“bearded”)
    *čelò (“forehead”) → *čelàtъ (“having large/prominent forehead”)
    *usta (“mouth”) → *ustàtъ (“having big mouth; figr. chatty, garrulous”)
    *uxo (“ear”) → *ušàtъ (“having prominent ears”)
  4. From adjectives extended with *-ovъ, creates approximative doublets of the original adjective (somewhat like -ish in English). Equivalent to *-ovàtъ
    From o-stem adjectives:
    *glupъ (“dump, stupid”) → *glupovàtъ (“simple-minded”)
    *ostrъ (“acute, sharp”) → *ostrovàtъ (“pointy, relatively sharp”)
    From former i-stem adjectives:
    *grozьnъ (“ugly, terrible”) → *grozьnovàtъ (“unpleasant, bad-tempered”)
    *pьlnъ (“full”) → *pьlnovàtъ (“tending towards fullness, relatively full”)
    From former u-stem adjectives:
    *lьgъkъ (“light, not heavy”) → *lьgъkovàtъ (“lightweight, relatively light”)
    *mękъkъ (“soft”) → *mękъkovàtъ (“softish, relatively soft”)

Declension
Indefinite declension of *-atъ (hard)
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-atъ *-ata *-ato
Accusative *-atъ *-atǫ *-ato
Genitive *-ata *-aty *-ata
Locative *-atě *-atě *-atě
Dative *-atu *-atě *-atu
Instrumental *-atomь *-atojǫ *-atomь
Vocative *-ate *-ato *-ato
Dual Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-ata *-atě *-atě
Accusative *-ata *-atě *-atě
Genitive *-atu *-atu *-atu
Locative *-atu *-atu *-atu
Dative *-atoma *-atama *-atoma
Instrumental *-atoma *-atama *-atoma
Vocative *-ata *-atě *-atě
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-ati *-aty *-ata
Accusative *-aty *-aty *-ata
Genitive *-atъ *-atъ *-atъ
Locative *-atěxъ *-ataxъ *-atěxъ
Dative *-atomъ *-atamъ *-atomъ
Instrumental *-aty *-atami *-aty
Vocative *-ati *-aty *-ata
Definite declension of *-atъ (hard)
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-atъjь *-ataja *-atoje
Accusative *-atъjь *-atǫjǫ *-atoje
Genitive *-atajego *-atyję *-atajego
Locative *-atějemь *-atěji *-atějemь
Dative *-atujemu *-atěji *-atujemu
Instrumental *-atyjimi *-atǫjǫ *-atyjimi
Vocative *-atъjь *-ataja *-atoje
Dual Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-ataja *-atěji *-atěji
Accusative *-ataja *-atěji *-atěji
Genitive *-atuju *-atuju *-atuju
Locative *-atuju *-atuju *-atuju
Dative *-atyjima *-atyjima *-atyjima
Instrumental *-atyjima *-atyjima *-atyjima
Vocative *-ataja *-atěji *-atěji
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative *-atiji *-atyję *-ataja
Accusative *-atyję *-atyję *-ataja
Genitive *-atъjixъ *-atъjixъ *-atъjixъ
Locative *-atyjixъ *-atyjixъ *-atyjixъ
Dative *-atyjimъ *-atyjimъ *-atyjimъ
Instrumental *-atyjimi *-atyjimi *-atyjimi
Vocative *-atiji *-atyję *-ataja

See also

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Slavic_words_suffixed_with_*-at%D1%8A' title='Category:Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-atъ'>Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-atъ</a>
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Slavic_words_suffixed_with_*-ata' title='Category:Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-ata'>Proto-Slavic words suffixed with *-ata</a>

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -атꙑи (-atyi)
      • Belarusian: -а́ты (-áty)
      • Russian: -а́тый (-átyj)
      • Ukrainian: -а́тий (-átyj)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: -atý
    • Polish: -aty
    • Slovak: -atý
    • Slovincian: -ȧ̃tï
    • Sorbian:

Further reading
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.