< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰerH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*bʰerH- [1]

  1. to pierce
  2. to strike

Extensions
  • *bʰer-dʰ-
    • Hellenic: [Term?]

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*b%CA%B0erH-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *bʰerH-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *bʰerH-</a>
  • *bʰer-ano-
    • Armenian:
  • *bʰorH-(e)-ti (o-grade root present?)
  • *bʰorH-ye-ti (o-grade ye-present?)
    • Germanic: *barjaną (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰorH-eh₂yé-ti
  • *bʰorH-ni-s
  • *bʰr̥H-eh₂
    • Germanic: *burō > (?) *burōną (see there for further descendants)
      • Old High German: bora
  • *bʰr̥H-o-m
    • Germanic: *burą > (?) *burōną (see there for further descendants)
      • Old English: bor
      • Old Saxon: *bor
        • Middle Low German: bor
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Italic:
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: բիր (bir)
      • (perhaps) Old Armenian: բահ (bah)
    • (perhaps) Sanskrit श्वभ्र (śvábhra)

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 133–134

Alternative reconstructions

Root

*bʰerH- [3][4]

  1. brown

Derived terms
  • *bʰerH-o-s[4][3]
    • Balto-Slavic: *bērˀas (“bay, reddish brown”) (secondary lengthening[4])
  • *bʰérH-ō ~ *bʰr̥H-nés[3] (possibly, alternatively perhaps from *ǵʰwer- (“wild (animal)”)[2])
    • Germanic: *berô (“bear”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰérH-u-s ~ *bʰr̥H-éw-s[5] (possibly)
    • ⇒ *bʰruH-nó-s (possibly from metathesized *bʰr̥Hu-nó-s)
      • Germanic: *brūnaz (“brown”)[6] (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ *bʰé-bʰr-u-s (“beaver”)[1][5][7] (possibly, or perhaps via *bʰé-bʰr̥ ~ *bʰi-bʰr-ós[8][9])

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “5. bher-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 136-137
  2. Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*beran-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 59-60
  4. Derksen, Rick (2015), “bėras”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 87
  5. Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
  6. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*ƀrūnaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 60
  7. Derksen, Rick (2015), “bebras”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 84-85
  8. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, 2nd edition, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pages 265
  9. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*bebura-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 57-58
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