< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/alu

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *olъ, Old Armenian աւղի (awłi).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɑ.lu/

Noun

*alu n [1]

  1. beer, ale

Synonyms

Inflection

The nominative singular lacks the final consonant of the stem. This preserves an old sound change from late PIE, where word-final *-t becomes *-d. According to Grimm's Law, *t shifted to *þ, and *d shifted to *t. Following this, word-final *-t was lost regularly.

neuter consonant stemDeclension of *alu (neuter consonant stem)
singular plural
nominative *alu *aluþ
vocative *alu *aluþ
accusative *alu *aluþ
genitive *aluþiz *aluþǫ̂
dative *aluþi *aluþumaz
instrumental *aluþē *aluþumiz

Descendants
  • Old English: alu, ealu
  • Old Saxon: alo
  • Old Dutch: *alo
    • Middle Dutch: āle
      • Dutch aal
      • Old French: godale
        • Middle French: goudale, godaille
          • French: godaille
  • Old High German: *alo
    • Middle High German: *ale (attested in compounds)
  • Norse: ᚨᛚᚢ (alu) (possibly)
    • Old Norse ǫl
      • Icelandic: öl
      • Faroese: øl
      • Norwegian: øl
      • Old Swedish: øl
      • Old Danish: øl
      • Elfdalian: öl
      • Old Gutnish: öl, ööl
  • → Proto-Finnic: *olut (possibly)
  • → Latvian: alus (possibly)
  • → Ossetian: ӕлутон (æluton) (possibly)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aluþ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 23
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