遡る

Japanese
Kanji in this term
遡
さかのぼ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

Likely from Old Japanese, compound of 逆 (さか) (saka, “reverse”) + 上 (のぼ)る (noboru, “ascend, go up”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Alternative forms
  • 溯る, 泝る, 逆上る

Pronunciation

Verb

遡る (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana さかのぼる, rōmaji sakanoboru)

  1. go back, extend back (in time), stretch back
    根 (こん)源 (げん)に遡 (さかのぼ)って考 (かんが)える
    kongen ni sakanobotte kangaeru
    (please add an English translation of this example)
  2. advance against the flow of water; go upstream (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4461), text here
    保 (ほ)里 (り)江 (え)欲 (よ)利 (り)美 (み)乎 (を)左 (さ)香 (か)能 (の)保 (ぼ)流 (る)梶 (かぢの)音 (おと)乃 (の)麻 (ま)奈 (な)久 (く)曽 (ぞ)奈 (な)良 (ら)波 (は)古 (こ)非 (ひ)之 (し)可 (か)利 (り)家 (け)留 (る) [Man'yōgana]
    堀 (ほり)江 (え)より水 (み)脈 (を)さかのぼる楫 (かぢ)の音 (おと)の間 (ま)なくぞ奈 (な)良 (ら)は恋 (こひ)しかりける [Modern spelling]
    horie yori mio sakanoboru kaji no oto no manaku zo Nara wa koishikarikeru
    Like the oars' noise going up the current from the [Naniwa] channel, so without interval I have come to long for the capital of Nara![2]

Conjugation
Conjugation of "遡る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 遡ら さかのぼら sakanobora
Continuative (連用形) 遡り さかのぼり sakanobori
Terminal (終止形) 遡る さかのぼる sakanoboru
Attributive (連体形) 遡る さかのぼる sakanoboru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 遡れ さかのぼれ sakanobore
Imperative (命令形) 遡れ さかのぼれ sakanobore
Key constructions
Passive 遡られる さかのぼられる sakanoborareru
Causative 遡らせる
遡らす		 さかのぼらせる
さかのぼらす		 sakanoboraseru
sakanoborasu
Potential 遡れる さかのぼれる sakanoboreru
Volitional 遡ろう さかのぼろう sakanoborō
Negative 遡らない さかのぼらない sakanoboranai
Negative continuative 遡らず さかのぼらず sakanoborazu
Formal 遡ります さかのぼります sakanoborimasu
Perfective 遡った さかのぼった sakanobotta
Conjunctive 遡って さかのぼって sakanobotte
Hypothetical conditional 遡れば さかのぼれば sakanoboreba

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Jan Lodewijk Pierson, Jr. (1963) The Manyôśû Translated and Annotated, Book XX, Brill Archive, page 166
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