促

促	U+4FC3, 促 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FC3

← 係
[U+4FC2]

CJK Unified Ideographs

俄 →
[U+4FC4]

Translingual

Han character

促 (radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人口卜人 (ORYO), four-corner 2628₁, composition ⿰亻足)

Derived characters

𮚼

References

KangXi: page 104, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 664
Dae Jaweon: page 220, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 161, character 2
Unihan data for U+4FC3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		促

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 促

**Small seal script**
s05878

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (足) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
足	ʔsoɡs, ʔsoɡ
莡	*sʰaːwɢ
捉	*ʔsoːɡ
齪	sʰroːɡ, sʰruɡ
娖	*zroːɡ
浞	*zroːɡ
鋜	*zroːɡ
趗	sʰoːɡ, sʰoɡ
珿	*sʰruɡ
哫	*ʔsoɡ
促	*sʰoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰoɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 足 (OC *ʔsoɡs, *ʔsoɡ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cù (cu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cuk¹
Min Nan (POJ): chhiok / chhiak / chhek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: cù
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ts'u⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuh
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cuk¹
  - Yale: chūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: cug¹
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiok
  - Tâi-lô: tshiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiog
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɔk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
  - Tâi-lô: tshiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
  - Tâi-lô: tshik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/

Note:

chhiok - literary;
chhiak/chhek - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰɨok̚/▼

Rime
Character	促
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七玉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰuawk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiok̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cu

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰoɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	促
Reading #	1/1
No.	17927
Phonetic component	足
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	促
Old Chinese	/*sʰoɡ/

Definitions

促

urgent
to draw close
short
to reduce
narrow
to urge
to reach
respectful and cautious

Compounds

侷促 (júcù)
侷促一隅
侷促不安
促使 (cùshǐ)
促促
促坐
促席
促忙
促忙促急
促成 (cùchéng)
促拍
促掐
促步
促狹／促狭 (cùxiá)
促狹鬼／促狭鬼
促病
促發／促发
促眉

促織／促织 (cùzhī)
促聲／促声
促脈／促脉
促膝
促膝談心／促膝谈心
促膝長談／促膝长谈
促裝／促装 (cùzhuāng)
促請／促请 (cùqǐng)
促趲／促趱
促迫 (cùpò)
促進／促进 (cùjìn)
促銷／促销 (cùxiāo)
促音 (cùyīn)
倉促／仓促 (cāngcù)
催促 (cuīcù)
刺促 (qìcù)
匆促 (cōngcù)
局促

局促一隅
局促不安
急促 (jícù)
敦促 (dūncù)
督促 (dūcù)
短促 (duǎncù)
短壽促命／短寿促命
短局促
窘促 (jiǒngcù)
緊促／紧促 (jǐncù)
聯合促銷／联合促销
脆促
跼促
蹇促
迫促
逼促
鬼促促

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 促 – see 齪 (“narrow, small; dirty”). (This character, 促, is a variant form of 齪.)

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 促 – see 蹙 (“to knit one's brows; urgent, suddenly; etc.”). (This character, 促, is the second-round simplified form of 蹙.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

促

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: そく (soku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しょく (shoku)
Kun: うながす (unagasu, 促す, Jōyō); せまる (semaru, 促る)

Korean

Hanja

促 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok)

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Vietnamese

Han character

促 (xúc, thúc)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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