Prime Minister of Albania

The prime minister of Albania (Albanian: Kryeministri i Shqipërisë), officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Kryeministri i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of government of the Republic of Albania and as well the most powerful and influential person in Albanian politics. The prime minister holds the executive power of the nation and represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings.

Prime Minister of Albania
Kryeministri i Shqipërisë
Emblem of the Prime Minister
Incumbent
Edi Rama
since 13 September 2013
Member ofCouncil of Ministers
ResidenceKryeministria
AppointerPresident
Formation29 November 1912
First holderIsmail Qemali
WebsiteOfficial Page

The prime minister is appointed by the president of Albania after each general election and must have the confidence of the Parliament of Albania to stay in office. The Council is responsible for carrying out both foreign and domestic policies. It directs and controls the activities of the ministries and other state organs. The prime minister is elected on the basis of universal suffrage, through a secret ballot, for a four-year term. The Constitution of Albania sets no limit as to office terms of the prime minister.

The 33rd and current officeholder is Edi Rama of the Socialist Party who was elected on 23 June 2013 and started his first four-year-term on 15 September 2013.

Powers, duties and responsibilities

The prime minister of the Albania, officially styled Prime Minister of the Republic of Albania, is the most powerful and influential state officeholder in the Albanian system of government.

One important role of the president is to designate a candidate for the office of prime minister who, in the opinion of the president, is best able to command a majority of the members of the Parliament.[1] As head of government, the prime minister is charged with directing the internal policy of the country and leads the public administration. In this regard, the government cooperates with other interested social actors. If the prime minister is temporarily absent or incapable of exercising its executive power, the deputy prime minister takes over his functions, such as chairing the cabinet and the council of ministers.

The Constitution states that the prime minister represents the council of ministers and chairs its meetings,[2] outlines and presents the principal general policies of the state and is responsible for them, assures the implementation of legislation and policies approved by the Council of Ministers, coordinates and supervises the work of the members of the Council of Ministers and other institutions of the central state administration, performs other duties contemplated in the Constitution and laws, resolves disagreements among ministers, and issues orders in the exercise of his powers.[3] The prime minister can also initiate a proceeding of the Constitutional Court of Albania.[4]

Oath

Before assuming duty, the prime minister-elect is required to take an oath of office before the President, swearing loyalty to the Constitution. The text of the oath in its Albanian form is sensitive to gender and all nouns always retain a neutral form. The prime minister-elect takes the following oath of office, specified by the Constitution:[5][6]

Albanian: Betohem se do t’i bindem Kushtetutës dhe ligjeve të vendit, do të respektoj të drejtat dhe liritë e shtetasve, do të mbroj pavarësinë e Republikës së Shqipërisë dhe do t’i shërbej interesit të përgjithshëm dhe përparimit të Popullit Shqiptar. The President may add: Zoti më ndihmoftë!

English:

I swear that I will obey to the Constitution and laws of the country, that I will respect the rights and freedoms of citizens, protect the independence of the Republic of Albania, and I will serve the general interest and the progress of the Albanian People. The President may add: So help me God!

Office and residence
The facade of the Kryeministria.

The Prime Minister's Office (Albanian: Kryeministria) is the official office and residence of the prime minister. It provides secretarial assistance to the prime minister. The prime minister through his office coordinates with all ministers in the central union cabinet, minister of independent charges and governors and ministers of state government. Furthermore informal meetings between the prime minister and other government or foreign officials takes place in the Office. It also consists of the immediate staff of the prime minister of Albania, as well as multiple levels of support staff reporting to the prime minister. Since 1941, the building serves as the office and residence of the prime minister. The building is in the capital city of Tirana at the Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard, near the Mother Teresa Square.

The building was planned by the Italian architects Florestano Di Fausto and Gherardo Bosio, and constructed together with the Dëshmorët e Kombit Boulevard, the Mother Teresa Square and all the buildings located on these squares, during the Italian occupation of Albania in 1939 to 1941, in a Rationalist style.

List of prime ministers (1912–present)
No. Portrait Name Term in office Party
Albania (1912–1914)[7]
1 Ismail Qemali
(1844–1919)
 4 December 1912 22 January 1914 Independent
1 year, 1 month and 18 days
International Control Commission
(22 January 1914 – 6 September 1914)
Principality of Albania (1914–1925)
2 Turhan Përmeti
(1846–1927)
 15 March 1914 3 September 1914 Independent
5 months and 19 days
3 Esad Toptani
(1863–1920)
 2 October 1914 27 January 1916 Independent
1 year, 3 months and 25 days
Austro-Hungarian Command
(24 February 1916 – 28 December 1918)
— Turhan Përmeti
(1846–1927)
 25 December 1918 29 January 1920 Independent
1 year, 1 month and 4 days
4 Sulejman Delvina
(1884–1933)
 30 January 1920 15 November 1920 Independent
9 months and 16 days
5 Ilias Vrioni
(1882–1932)
 15 November 1920 16 October 1921 Independent
11 months and 1 day
6 Pandeli Evangjeli
(1859–1949)
 16 October 1921 6 December 1921 Independent
1 month and 20 days
7 Qazim Koculi
Acting Prime Minister
(1887–1943)
 6 December 1921 6 December 1921 Independent
0 days
8 Hasan Prishtina
(1873–1933)
 7 December 1921 12 December 1921 Progressive Party
5 days
– Idhomen Kosturi
Acting Prime Minister
(1873–1943)
 12 December 1921 24 December 1921 Independent
12 days
9 Xhafer Ypi
(1880–1940)
 24 December 1921 2 December 1922 Popular Party
11 months and 8 days
10 Ahmet Zogu
(1895–1961)
 2 December 1922 25 February 1924 Conservative Party
1 year, 2 months and 23 days
11 Shefqet Vërlaci
(1877–1946)
 30 March 1924 27 May 1924 Progressive Party
1 month and 27 days
— Ilias Vrioni
(1882–1932)
 27 May 1924 10 June 1924 Independent
14 days
12 Fan Noli
(1882–1965)
 16 June 1924 24 December 1924 Liberal Party
6 months and 8 days
— Ilias Vrioni
(1882–1932)
 24 December 1924 5 January 1925 Independent
12 days
— Ahmet Zogu
(1895–1961)
 6 January 1925 25 September 1925 Conservative Party
8 months and 19 days
Albanian Republic (1925–1928)
— Ahmet Zogu
(1895–1961)
 28 September 1925 1 September 1928 Conservative Party
2 years, 11 months and 4 days
Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)
13 Kostaq Kotta
(1889–1949)
 1 September 1928 5 March 1930 Unaffiliated
1 year, 6 months and 4 days
— Pandeli Evangjeli
(1859–1949)
 6 March 1930 16 October 1935 Unaffiliated
5 years, 7 months and 10 days
14 Mehdi Frashëri
(1872–1963)
 21 October 1935 7 November 1936 Unaffiliated
1 year and 17 days
— Kostaq Kotta
(1889–1949)
 9 November 1936 7 April 1939 Unaffiliated
2 years, 4 months and 29 days
Italian Occupation (1939–1943)
— Shefqet Vërlaci
(1877–1946)
 12 April 1939 3 December 1941 Fascist Party
2 years, 7 months and 21 days
15 Mustafa Merlika-Kruja
(1887–1958)
 3 December 1941 4 January 1943 Fascist Party
1 year, 1 month and 1 day
16 Ekrem Libohova
(1882–1948)
 18 January 1943 11 February 1943 Fascist Party
24 days
17 Maliq Bushati
(1880–1946)
 12 February 1943 28 April 1943 Fascist Party
2 months and 16 days
— Ekrem Libohova
(1882–1948)
 11 May 1943 10 September 1943 Fascist Party
3 months and 30 days
German Occupation (1943–1944)
18 Rexhep Mitrovica
(1887–1967)
 5 November 1943 16 June 1944 National Front
9 months and 11 days
19 Fiqri Dine
(1897–1960)
 18 July 1944 28 August 1944[8] National Front
1 month and 10 days
20 Ibrahim Biçaku
(1905–1977)
 6 September 1944 25 October 1944 National Front
1 month and 19 days
People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1944–1991)
21 Enver Hoxha
(1908–1985)
 23 October 1944 19 July 1954 Communist Party
renamed in 1948 to
Party of Labour
9 years, 8 months and 26 days
22 Mehmet Shehu
(1913–1981)
 20 July 1954 18 December 1981 Party of Labour
27 years, 4 months and 28 days
23 Adil Çarçani
(1922–1997)
 15 January 1982 21 February 1991 Party of Labour
9 years, 1 month and 6 days
Republic of Albania (1991–present)
24 Fatos Nano
(born 1952)
 22 February 1991 4 June 1991 Socialist Party
3 months and 13 days
25 Ylli Bufi
(born 1948)
 11 June 1991 6 December 1991 Socialist Party
5 months and 25 days
26 Vilson Ahmeti
(born 1951)
 14 December 1991 14 April 1992 Independent
4 months
27 Aleksandër Meksi
(born 1939)
 13 April 1992 1 March 1997 Democratic Party
4 years, 10 months and 16 days
28 Bashkim Fino
(born 1962)
 11 March 1997 24 July 1997 Socialist Party
4 months and 13 days
— Fatos Nano
(born 1952)
 25 July 1997 28 September 1998 Socialist Party
1 year, 2 months and 3 days
29 Pandeli Majko
(born 1967)
 2 October 1998 25 October 1999 Socialist Party
1 year and 23 days
30 Ilir Meta
(born 1969)
 28 November 1999 29 January 2002 Socialist Party
2 years, 2 months and 1 day
— Pandeli Majko
(born 1967)
 22 February 2002 25 July 2002 Socialist Party
5 months and 3 days
— Fatos Nano
(born 1952)
 29 July 2002 1 September 2005 Socialist Party
3 years, 1 month and 3 days
31 Sali Berisha
(born 1944)
 12 September 2005 12 September 2013 Democratic Party
8 years
32 Edi Rama
(born 1964)
 13 September 2013 Incumbent Socialist Party
6 years, 7 months and 9 days

See also
  • List of Albanian monarchs
  • List of heads of state of Albania
  • Deputy Prime Minister of Albania

References
  1. "1998 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA". osce.org. p. 19. At the beginning of a legislature, as well as when the position of Prime Minister is vacant, the President of the Republic appoints the Prime Minister on the proposal of the party or coalition of parties that has the majority of seats in the Assembly.
  2. "1998 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA". osce.org. p. 20. represents the Council of Ministers and chairs its meetings;
  3. Article 102, Section 1-3 of the Constitution of Albania (22 November 1998)
  4. Article 134, Section 1(b) of the Constitution of Albania (22 November 1998)
  5. "1998 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA". osce.org. p. 19. Before taking office, the Prime Minister, the deputy prime minister, and the ministers take an oath before the President of the Republic.
  6. "KUSHTETUTA E REPUBLIKËS SË SHQIPËRISË" (PDF). wipo.int (in Albanian). Betohem se do t'i bindem Kushtetutes dhe ligjeve te vendit, do te respektoj te drejtat dhe lirite e shtetasve, do te mbroj pavaresine e Republikes se Shqiperise dhe do t'i sherbej interesit te pergjithshem dhe perparimit te Popullit Shqiptar". Presidenti mund te shtoje edhe: "zoti me ndihmofte
  7. Dervishi, Kastriot (2012). Kryeministrat dhe ministrat e shtetit shqiptar në 100 vjet. Tiranë: Shtëpia Botuese "55". p. 273. ISBN 978-9994356225. OCLC 861296248.
  8. Pearson, Owen (2005). Albania in Occupation and War: From Fascism to Communism, 1940-1945. London: The Centre for Albanian Studies. p. 1982. ISBN 1-84511-014-5.
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