President of North Macedonia

The president of the Republic of North Macedonia (Macedonian: Претседател на Република Северна Македонија) is the head of state of North Macedonia. The institution of the presidency began after the declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. The first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president in the world until his resignation in 1999. The presidency is largely a ceremonial post and the prime minister of North Macedonia is the country's leading political figure and de facto chief executive.

President of the Republic of North Macedonia
Претседател на Република Северна Македонија (Macedonian)
Presidenti i Republikës së Maqedonisë së Veriut (Albanian)
Presidential Coat of arms
Incumbent
Stevo Pendarovski
since 12 May 2019
ResidenceVilla Vodno[1]
AppointerDirect election
Term lengthFive years
renewable once
Constituting instrumentConstitution of North Macedonia
Formation16 April 1991
First holderKiro Gligorov
Salary17,250 USD annually[2]
Websitepretsedatel.mk
North Macedonia
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The president must be a citizen of North Macedonia, be over 40 years of age and have lived in North Macedonia for at least ten of the previous fifteen years.[3]

Electoral system

The president of North Macedonia is elected using a modified two-round system; a candidate can only be elected in the first round of voting if they receive the equivalent of over 50% of the vote from all registered voters.[4] In the second round, voter turnout must be at least 40% for the result to be deemed valid.[5]

The Constitution mandates that the president must be over 40 years of age and have lived in the country for ten of the last fifteen years.

Before 2009, the constitution required a 50% turnout in the second round. The XXXI amendment voted on 9 January 2009 by all 86 present deputies lowered it to the current 40%,[6] as the government feared the tendency of ever lower election turnout would make presidential elections frequently invalidated. In the 2009 Macedonian presidential election that followed, the turnout in the second round ended up being 42.6%.[7]

History

During the period of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, there was a collective presidency which was abolished in 1991. Its first president was Metodija Andonov Čento elected at the first plenary session of ASNOM, when the modern state was formed, while the last one was Vladimir Mitkov.[8]

Following the transition from socialist system to parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia changed the collective leadership with a single-president post in 1991. Kiro Gligorov became the first democratically elected president of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on 27 January 1991.[9] On 16 April 1991 the parliament adopted a constitutional amendment removing the term "Socialist" from the official name of the country, and on 7 June of the same year, the new name Republic of Macedonia was officially established.[10] Hence Gligorov continued his function as a president of the Republic of Macedonia. After the process of dissolution of Yugoslavia began, the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed full independence following a referendum held on 8 September 1991. On completing his second term as head of the independent state Gligorov was succeeded by Boris Trajkovski in 1999. Following Trajkovski's death in 2004, he was succeeded by Branko Crvenkovski. Gjorge Ivanov won the 2009 presidential election and took office on 12 May 2009. He was re-elected in 2014. Stevo Pendarovski was the current incumbent and he took the office on 12 May 2019.

List of presidents of North Macedonia

SR Macedonia
Parties

  KPM/SKM/SDSM   Independent

Status
  Acting President
№ Name
(Birth–Death)		 Portrait Term of office Political party
President of Initiatory Committee for Anti-Fascist Assembly of People's Liberation of Macedonia
1943–1944
1 Metodija Andonov-Čento
(1902–1957)		1 October 19432 August 1944non-party
Chairman of the Anti-Fascist Assembly of People's Liberation (ASNOM)
1944–1945
Metodija Andonov-Čento
(1902–1957)		2 August 19441 January 1945non-party
Presidents of the Presidium of the People's Assembly
1945–1953
Metodija Andonov-Čento
(1902–1957)		1 January 194515 March 1946non-party
— Dimitar Nestorov
(1890–1968)		16 March 194630 December 1946Communist Party of Macedonia
2 Blagoja Fotev
(1900–1993)		19474 January 1951Communist Party of Macedonia
— Vidoe Smilevski
(1915–1979)		4 January 19511953Communist Party of Macedonia
renamed in 1952 to
League of Communists of Macedonia
Presidents of the People's Assembly
1953–1974
3 Dimče Stojanov
(1910–1991)		195319 December 1953League of Communists of Macedonia
4 Lazar Koliševski
(1914–2000)		19 December 195326 June 1962League of Communists of Macedonia
5 Ljupčo Arsov
(1910–1986)		26 June 196224 June 1963League of Communists of Macedonia
6 Vidoe Smilevski
(1915–1979)		25 June 196312 May 1967League of Communists of Macedonia
7 Mito Hadživasilev
(1921–1968)		12 May 19671 August 1968League of Communists of Macedonia
8 Nikola Minčev
(1915–1997)		23 December 19686 May 1974League of Communists of Macedonia
Presidents of the Presidency
1974–1991
9 Vidoe Smilevski
(1915–1979)		6 May 197431 October 1979League of Communists of Macedonia
10 Ljupčo Arsov
(1910–1986)		31 October 197929 April 1982League of Communists of Macedonia
11 Angel Čemerski
(1923–2005)		29 April 198229 April 1983League of Communists of Macedonia
12 Blagoja Taleski
(1924–2001)		29 April 198329 April 1984League of Communists of Macedonia
13 Tome Bukleski
( 1921-2018)		29 April 198426 April 1985League of Communists of Macedonia
14 Vančo Apostolski
(1925–2008)		26 April 198528 April 1986League of Communists of Macedonia
— Mateja Matevski
(1929–2018)		28 April 198630 April 1986League of Communists of Macedonia
15 Dragoljub Stavrev
(1932–2003)		30 April 1986May 1988League of Communists of Macedonia
16 Jezdimir Bogdanski
(1930–2007)		May 198828 April 1990League of Communists of Macedonia
17 Vladimir Mitkov
(born 1931)		28 April 199027 January 1991League of Communists of Macedonia
18 Kiro Gligorov
(1917–2012)		27 January 199118 September 1991League of Communists of Macedonia

Republic of Macedonia
Parties

  LPM   DA   VMRO–DPMNE   SDSM   Independent

Status
  Acting president
No. Portrait Name
(Born-Died)		 Term of office Political Party Election
Took office Left office Time in office
1
Kiro Gligorov
(1917–2012)		18 September 19914 October 19954 years, 16 daysSDSM1994
–
Stojan Andov
(born 1935)
Acting		4 October 199517 November 199544 daysLPM—
(1)
Kiro Gligorov
(1917–2012)		17 November 199519 November 19994 years, 2 daysSDSM—
–
Savo Klimovski
(born 1947)
Acting		19 November 199915 December 199926 daysDA—
2
Boris Trajkovski
(1956–2004)
(Died in plane crash)		15 December 199926 February 2004 †4 years, 73 daysVMRO–DPMNE1999
–
Ljupčo Jordanovski
(1953–2010)
Acting		26 February 200412 May 200476 daysSDSM—
3
Branko Crvenkovski
(born 1962)		12 May 200412 May 20095 years, 0 daysSDSM2004
4
Gjorge Ivanov
(born 1960)		12 May 200912 February 201910 years, 0 daysVMRO–DPMNE2009
2014

Republic of North Macedonia
Parties

  LPM   DA   VMRO–DPMNE   SDSM   Independent

Status
  Acting president
No. Portrait Name
(Born-Died)		 Term of office Political Party Election
Took office Left office Time in office
4
Gjorge Ivanov
(born 1960)		12 February 201912 May 201910 years, 0 daysVMRO–DPMNE2009
2014
5
Stevo Pendarovski
(born 1963)		12 May 2019Incumbent347 daysSDSM2019

Notes

Kiro Gligorov was incapacitated after an assassination attempt in 1995. Stojan Andov served as acting leader during Gligorov's incapacitation.

Latest election

2019 North Macedonian presidential election

Candidate Party First round Second round
Votes % Votes %
Blerim RekaIndependent79.88810,60
Gordana Siljanovska-DavkovaVMRO-DPMNE318.34142,25377.71344,73
Stevo PendarovskiSocial Democratic Union of Macedonia322.58142,81436.21253,59
Invalid/blank votes32.6964,3430.4373,60
Total753.520100844.360100
Registered voters/turnout1.808.13141,671,808,13146,70
Source: SEC

See also
  • List of presidents of North Macedonia by longevity
  • Vice President of Macedonia
  • Prime Minister of North Macedonia
  • List of Speakers of the Assembly of the Republic of North Macedonia

References
  1. "www.dnevnik.com.mk". Archived from the original on 28 September 2011.
  2. "Infographic: What are the Monthly Salaries of Presidents in the Region". Sarajevo Times. 25 February 2018.
  3. Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia, Article 80.
  4. Polls Open in Macedonia Presidential Elections Balkan Insight, 13 April 2014
  5. AMENDMENT XXXI Constitution of North Macedonia
  6. "The Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia". www.sobranie.mk.
  7. Anna Fruhstorfer; Michael Hein (12 October 2016). Constitutional Politics in Central and Eastern Europe: From Post-Socialist Transition to the Reform of Political Systems. Springer. pp. 325–. ISBN 978-3-658-13762-5.
  8. "Prof. Dr. Vladimir Mitkov - Faculty of Law, University of Skopje". Archived from the original on 30 June 2012.
  9. Kiro Gligorov was elected as a President on 27 January 1991, when the Socialist Republic of Macedonia was still an official name of the state. After the change of the state's name, he continued his function as a President of the Republic of Macedonia The Official Site of The President of the Republic of Macedonia Archived 2009-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
  10. "On This Day" - Macedonian Information Agency - MIA Archived 2008-01-25 at the Wayback Machine, see: 1991 (in Macedonian)
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