Nvidia

Nvidia Corporation (/ɛnˈvɪdiə/ en-VID-ee-ə),[2] more commonly referred to as Nvidia (stylized as NVIDIA, on-logo styling nVIDIA with small "n" same size as "VIDIA"; formerly stylized as nVidia on products from the mid 90s to early-mid 2000s), is an American technology company incorporated in Delaware and based in Santa Clara, California.[3] It designs graphics processing units (GPUs) for the gaming and professional markets, as well as system on a chip units (SoCs) for the mobile computing and automotive market. Its primary GPU product line, labeled "GeForce", is in direct competition with Advanced Micro Devices' (AMD) "Radeon" products. Nvidia expanded its presence in the gaming industry with its handheld Shield Portable, Shield Tablet, and Shield Android TV.

Nvidia Corporation
Type
Public
Traded as
ISINUS67066G1040 
Industry
Predecessor3dfx Interactive 
FoundedApril 5, 1993 (1993-04-05)
Founders
  • Jensen Huang
  • Curtis Priem
  • Chris Malachowsky
HeadquartersSanta Clara, California, U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
  • Jensen Huang (president​ & CEO)
  • Colette M. Kress (CFO)
Products
Revenue US$11.716 billion (2018)[1]
US$3.804 billion (2018)[1]
US$4.141 billion (2018)[1]
Total assets US$13.292 billion (2018)[1]
Total equity US$9.342 billion (2018)[1]
Number of employees
13,227 (January 2019)[1]
SubsidiariesNVIDIA Advanced Rendering Center
Websitewww.nvidia.com
developer.nvidia.com
www.geforce.com

Since 2014, Nvidia has diversified its business focusing on four markets: gaming, professional visualization, data centers, and auto. Nvidia is also now focused on artificial intelligence.[4]

In addition to GPU manufacturing, Nvidia provides parallel processing capabilities to researchers and scientists that allow them to efficiently run high-performance applications. They are deployed in supercomputing sites around the world.[5][6] More recently, it has moved into the mobile computing market, where it produces Tegra mobile processors for smartphones and tablets as well as vehicle navigation and entertainment systems.[7][8][9] In addition to AMD, its competitors include Intel, Qualcomm, and Arm (e.g., because of Denver, while Nvidia also licenses Arm's designs).

Company history
Aerial view of the new Nvidia headquarters building and surrounding campus and area in Santa Clara, California, in 2017. Apple Park is visible in the distance.

Nvidia was founded on April 5, 1993[10][11][12] by Jensen Huang (CEO as of 2019), a Taiwanese American, previously director of CoreWare at LSI Logic and a microprocessor designer at Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Chris Malachowsky, an electrical engineer who worked at Sun Microsystems and Curtis Priem, previously a senior staff engineer and graphics chip designer at Sun Microsystems.

The company received $20 million of venture capital funding from Sequoia Capital and others.[13] Nvidia initially had no name and the co-founders named all their files NV, as in "next version". The need to incorporate the company prompted the co-founders to review all words with those two letters, leading them to "invidia", the Latin word for "envy".[14] The company went public on January 22, 1999.[15][16][17]

Major releases and acquisitions

The release of the RIVA TNT in 1998 solidified Nvidia's reputation for developing capable graphics adapters. In late 1999, Nvidia released the GeForce 256 (NV10), most notably introducing on-board transformation and lighting (T&L) to consumer-level 3D hardware. Running at 120 MHz and featuring four pixel pipelines, it implemented advanced video acceleration, motion compensation and hardware sub-picture alpha blending. The GeForce outperformed existing products by a wide margin.

Due to the success of its products, Nvidia won the contract to develop the graphics hardware for Microsoft's Xbox game console, which earned Nvidia a $200 million advance. However, the project took many of its best engineers away from other projects. In the short term this did not matter, and the GeForce2 GTS shipped in the summer of 2000. In December 2000, Nvidia reached an agreement to acquire the intellectual assets of its one-time rival 3dfx, a pioneer in consumer 3D graphics technology leading the field from mid 1990s until 2000.[18][19] The acquisition process was finalized in April 2002.[20]

In July 2002, Nvidia acquired Exluna for an undisclosed sum. Exluna made software rendering tools and the personnel were merged into the Cg project.[21] In August 2003, Nvidia acquired MediaQ for approximately US$70 million.[22] On April 22, 2004, Nvidia acquired iReady, also a provider of high performance TCP/IP and iSCSI offload solutions.[23] In December 2004, it was announced that Nvidia would assist Sony with the design of the graphics processor (RSX) in the PlayStation 3 game console. On December 14, 2005, Nvidia acquired ULI Electronics, which at the time supplied third-party southbridge parts for chipsets to ATI, Nvidia's competitor.[24] In March 2006, Nvidia acquired Hybrid Graphics.[25] In December 2006, Nvidia, along with its main rival in the graphics industry AMD (which had acquired ATI), received subpoenas from the U.S. Department of Justice regarding possible antitrust violations in the graphics card industry.[26]

Forbes named Nvidia its Company of the Year for 2007, citing the accomplishments it made during the said period as well as during the previous five years.[27] On January 5, 2007, Nvidia announced that it had completed the acquisition of PortalPlayer, Inc.[28] In February 2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia, developer of the PhysX physics engine and physics processing unit. Nvidia announced that it planned to integrate the PhysX technology into its future GPU products.[29][30]

In November 2011, after initially unveiling it at Mobile World Congress, Nvidia released its Tegra 3 ARM system-on-chip for mobile devices. Nvidia claimed that the chip featured the first-ever quad-core mobile CPU.[31][32] In May 2011, it was announced that Nvidia had agreed to acquire Icera, a baseband chip making company in the UK, for $367 million.[33] In January 2013, Nvidia unveiled the Tegra 4, as well as the Nvidia Shield, an Android-based handheld game console powered by the new system-on-chip.[34] On July 29, 2013, Nvidia announced that they acquired PGI from STMicroelectronics.[35]

On May 6, 2016, Nvidia unveiled the first GeForce 10 series GPUs, the GTX 1080 and 1070, based on the company's new Pascal microarchitecture. Nvidia claimed that both models outperformed its Maxwell-based Titan X model; the models incorporate GDDR5X and GDDR5 memory respectively, and use a 16 nm manufacturing process. The architecture also supports a new hardware feature known as simultaneous multi-projection (SMP), which is designed to improve the quality of multi-monitor and virtual reality rendering.[36][37][38] Laptops that include these GPUs and are sufficiently thin – as of late 2017, under 0.8 inches (20 mm) – have been designated as meeting Nvidia's "Max-Q" design standard.[39]

In July 2016, Nvidia agreed to a settlement for a false advertising lawsuit regarding its GTX 970 model, as the models were unable to use all of their advertised 4 GB of RAM due to limitations brought by the design of its hardware.[40] In May 2017, Nvidia announced a partnership with Toyota Motor Corp. Toyota will use Nvidia's Drive PX-series artificial intelligence platform for its autonomous vehicles.[41] In July 2017, Nvidia and Chinese search giant Baidu, Inc. announced a far-reaching AI partnership that includes cloud computing, autonomous driving, consumer devices, and Baidu's open-source AI framework PaddlePaddle. Baidu unveiled that Nvidia 's Drive PX 2 AI will be the foundation of its autonomous-vehicle platform.[42]

Nvidia officially released the NVIDIA TITAN V on December 7, 2017.[43][44]

Nvidia officially released the Nvidia Quadro GV100 on March 27, 2018.[45]

Nvidia officially released RTX 2080GPUs September 27, 2018.

In 2018, Google announced that Nvidia's Tesla P4 graphic cards would be integrated into Google Cloud service's artificial intelligence.[46]

On March 11, 2019, Nvidia announced a deal to buy Mellanox Technologies for $6.9 billion[47] to substantially expand its footprint in the high-performance computing market.

In May 2019, Nvidia announced new RTX Studio laptops. The creators say that the new laptop is going to be seven times faster than a top-end MacBook Pro with a Core i9 and AMD's Radeon Pro Vega 20 graphics in apps like Maya and RedCine-X Pro.[48]

In August 2019, Nvidia announced Minecraft RTX, an official Nvidia-developed patch for the game adding real-time DXR raytracing exclusively to the Windows 10 version of the game. The whole game is, in Nvidia's words, "refit" with path tracing, which dramatically affects the way light, reflections and shadows work inside the engine.[49]

Class action lawsuit

In July 2008, Nvidia took a write-down of approximately $200 million on its first-quarter revenue, after reporting that certain mobile chipsets and GPUs produced by the company had "abnormal failure rates" due to manufacturing defects. Nvidia, however, did not reveal the affected products. In September 2008, Nvidia became the subject of a class action lawsuit over the defects, claiming that the faulty GPUs had been incorporated into certain laptop models manufactured by Apple Inc., Dell, and HP. In September 2010, Nvidia reached a settlement, in which it would reimburse owners of the affected laptops for repairs or, in some cases, replacement.[50][51] On January 10, 2011, Nvidia signed a six-year, $1.5 billion cross-licensing agreement with Intel, ending all litigation between the two companies.[52]

Apple/Nvidia web driver controversy

In May 2018, on the Nvidia user forum, a thread was started[53] asking the company to update users when they would release web drivers for its cards installed on legacy Mac Pro 'cheesegrater' machines up to mid 2012 5,1 running the macOS Mojave operating system 10.14. Web drivers are required to enable graphics acceleration and multiple display monitor capabilities of the GPU. On its Mojave update info website, Apple stated that macOS Mojave would run on legacy machines with 'Metal compatible' graphics cards[54] and listed Metal compatible GPUs, including some manufactured by Nvidia.[55] However, this list did not include metal compatible cards that currently work in macOS High Sierra using Nvidia developed web drivers. In September, Nvidia responded, "Apple fully control drivers for Mac OS. But if Apple allows, our engineers are ready and eager to help Apple deliver great drivers for Mac OS 10.14 (Mojave)."[56] In October, Nvidia followed this up with another public announcement, "Apple fully controls drivers for Mac OS. Unfortunately, Nvidia currently cannot release a driver unless it is approved by Apple,"[57] suggesting a possible rift between the two companies.[58] By January 2019, with still no sign of the enabling web drivers, Apple Insider weighed into the controversy with a claim that Apple management "doesn't want Nvidia support in macOS".[59] The following month, Apple Insider followed this up with another claim that Nvidia support was abandoned because of "relational issues in the past",[60] and that Apple was developing its own GPU technology.[61] Without Apple approved Nvidia web drivers, Apple users are faced with replacing their Nvidia cards with a competing supported brand, such as AMD Radeon from the list recommended by Apple.[62]

Finances

For the fiscal year 2018, Nvidia reported earnings of US$3.047 billion, with an annual revenue of US$9.714 billion, an increase of 40.6% over the previous fiscal cycle. Nvidia's shares traded at over $245 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$120.6 billion in September 2018.[63]

Year[63] Revenue
in mil. USD$		 Net income
in mil. USD$		 Total assets
in mil. USD$		 Price per share
in USD$		 Employees
2005 2,010 89 1,629 8.81
2006 2,376 301 1,955 16.76
2007 3,069 449 2,675 25.68
2008 4,098 798 3,748 14.77
2009 3,425 −30 3,351 10.97
2010 3,326 −68 3,586 12.56
2011 3,543 253 4,495 15.63
2012 3,998 581 5,553 12.52
2013 4,280 563 6,412 13.38 5,783
2014 4,130 440 7,251 17.83 6,384
2015 4,682 631 7,201 23.20 6,658
2016 5,010 614 7,370 53.33 6,566
2017 6,910 1,666 9,841 149.38 7,282
2018 9,714 3,047 11,241 245.75 11,528

GPU Technology Conference

NVIDIA's GPU Technology Conference (GTC) is a series of technical conferences held around the world.[64] It originated in 2009 in San Jose, California, with an initial focus on the potential for solving computing challenges through GPUs.[65] In recent years, the conference focus has shifted to various applications of artificial intelligence and deep learning, including: self-driving cars, healthcare, high performance computing, and NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute (DLI) training.[66] GTC 2018 attracted over 8400 attendees.[64]

Product families
An Nvidia Shield Tablet

Nvidia's family includes primarily graphics, wireless communication, PC processors and automotive hardware/software. Some families are listed below:

  • GeForce, consumer-oriented graphics processing products
  • Quadro, computer-aided design and digital content creation workstation graphics processing products
  • NVS, multi-display business graphics solution
  • Tegra, a system on a chip series for mobile devices
  • Tesla, dedicated general purpose GPU for high-end image generation applications in professional and scientific fields
  • nForce, a motherboard chipset created by Nvidia for Intel (Celeron, Pentium and Core 2) and AMD (Athlon and Duron) microprocessors
  • Nvidia Grid, a set of hardware and services by Nvidia for graphics virtualization
  • Nvidia Shield, a range of gaming hardware including the Shield Portable, Shield Tablet and, most recently, the Shield Android TV
  • Nvidia Drive automotive solutions, a range of hardware and software products for assisting car drivers. The Drive PX-series is a high performance computer platform aimed at autonomous driving through deep learning,[67] while Driveworks is an operating system for driverless cars.[68]

Open-source software support

Until September 23, 2013, Nvidia had not published any documentation for its hardware,[69] meaning that programmers could not write free and open-source device driver for its products without resorting to (clean room) reverse engineering.

Instead, Nvidia provides its own binary GeForce graphics drivers for X.Org and an open-source library that interfaces with the Linux, FreeBSD or Solaris kernels and the proprietary graphics software. Nvidia also provided but stopped supporting an obfuscated open-source driver that only supports two-dimensional hardware acceleration and ships with the X.Org distribution.[70]

The proprietary nature of Nvidia's drivers has generated dissatisfaction within free-software communities.[71] Some Linux and BSD users insist on using only open-source drivers and regard Nvidia's insistence on providing nothing more than a binary-only driver as inadequate, given that competing manufacturers such as Intel offer support and documentation for open-source developers and that others (like AMD) release partial documentation and provide some active development.[72][73]

Because of the closed nature of the drivers, Nvidia video cards cannot deliver adequate features on some platforms and architectures given that the company only provides x86/x64 and ARMv7-A driver builds.[74] As a result, support for 3D graphics acceleration in Linux on PowerPC does not exist, nor does support for Linux on the hypervisor-restricted PlayStation 3 console.

Some users claim that Nvidia's Linux drivers impose artificial restrictions, like limiting the number of monitors that can be used at the same time, but the company has not commented on these accusations.[75]

In 2014, with Maxwell GPUs, Nvidia started to require firmware by them to unlock all features of its graphics cards. Up to now this state did not change and makes writing open source drivers difficult.[76][77][78]

Deep learning

Nvidia GPUs are used in deep learning, artificial intelligence, and accelerated analytics. The company developed GPU-based deep learning in order to use artificial intelligence to approach problems like cancer detection, weather prediction, and self-driving vehicles.[79] They are included in all Tesla vehicles.[80] The purpose is to help networks learn to “think”.[81] According to TechRepublic, Nvidia GPUs "work well for deep learning tasks because they are designed for parallel computing and do well to handle the vector and matrix operations that are prevalent in deep learning".[82] These GPUs are used by researchers, laboratories, tech companies and enterprise companies.[83] In 2009, Nvidia was involved in what was called the "big bang" of deep learning, "as deep-learning neural networks were combined with Nvidia graphics processing units (GPUs)".[84] That year, the Google Brain used Nvidia GPUs to create Deep Neural Networks capable of machine learning, where Andrew Ng determined that GPUs could increase the speed of deep-learning systems by about 100 times.[85]

DGX

In April 2016, Nvidia produced the DGX-1 supercomputer based on an 8 GPU cluster, to improve the ability of users to use deep learning by combining GPUs with integrated deep learning software.[86] It also developed Nvidia Tesla K80 and P100 GPU-based virtual machines, which are available through Google Cloud, which Google installed in November 2016.[87] Microsoft added GPU servers in a preview offering of its N series based on Nvidia's Tesla K80s, each containing 4992 processing cores. Later that year, AWS's P2 instance was produced using up to 16 Nvidia Tesla K80 GPUs. That month Nvidia also partnered with IBM to create a software kit that boosts the AI capabilities of Watson,[88] called IBM PowerAI.[89][90] Nvidia also offers its own NVIDIA Deep Learning software development kit.[91] In 2017, the GPUs were also brought online at the RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project for Fujitsu.[92] The company's deep learning technology led to a boost in its 2017 earnings.[93]

In May 2018, researchers at the artificial intelligence department of Nvidia realized the possibility that a robot can learn to perform a job simply by observing the person doing the same job. They have created a system that, after a short revision and testing, can already be used to control the universal robots of the next generation. In addition to GPU manufacturing, Nvidia provides parallel processing capabilities to researchers and scientists that allow them to efficiently run high-performance applications.[94]

Inception Program

Nvidia's Inception Program was created to support startups making exceptional advances in the fields of AI and Data Science. Award winners are announced at Nvidia's GTC Conference. There are currently 2,800 startups in the Inception Program.[95]

2018 winners[96]
  • Subtle Medical (healthcare)
  • AiFi (enterprise)
  • Kinema Systems (autonomous vehicles)

2017 winners[97]
  • Genetesis (social innovation)
  • Athelas (hottest emerging)
  • Deep Instinct (most disruptive)

See also
  • CUDA
  • Fast approximate anti-aliasing
  • GeForce
  • GeForce Now
  • General-purpose computing on graphics processing units
  • Graphics processing unit
  • G-Sync
  • List of Nvidia 3D Vision Ready games
  • List of Nvidia graphics processing units
  • Molecular modeling on GPUs
  • Nvision
  • Nvidia demos
  • Nvidia Ion
  • Nvidia Shadowplay
  • OpenCL
  • OptiX
  • PhysX
  • Project Denver
  • Shield Android TV
  • Shield Portable
  • Shield Tablet
  • Tegra
  • GeForce 10 series
  • GeForce 20 series

References
  1. "Nvidia Corporation Annual Report (Form 10-K)". last10k.com. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 2019.
  2. "NVIDIA Logo Guidelines at a Glance" (PDF). NVIDIA.com. NVIDIA. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  3. "NVIDIA Corporation – Investor Resources – FAQs". investor.nvidia.com.
  4. Freund, Karl (November 17, 2016). "NVIDIA Is Not Just Accelerating AI, It Aims To Reshape Computing". Forbes. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  5. Clark, Don (August 4, 2011). "J.P. Morgan Shows Benefits from Chip Change". WSJ Digits Blog. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  6. "Top500 Supercomputing Sites". Top500. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  7. Burns, Chris (August 3, 2011). "2011 The Year of Nvidia dominating Android Superphones and tablets". SlashGear. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  8. "Tegra Super Tablets". Nvidia. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  9. "Tegra Super Phones". Nvidia. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  10. "Company Info". Nvidia.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  11. "Jensen Huang: Executive Profile & Biography". Bloomberg News. Retrieved June 21, 2018.
  12. "Articles of Incorporation of Nvidia Corporation". California Secretary of State. Retrieved October 23, 2019 – via California Secretary of State Business Database.
  13. Williams, Elisa (April 15, 2002). "Crying wolf". Forbes. Retrieved February 11, 2017. Huang, a chip designer at AMD and LSI Logic, cofounded the company in 1993 with $20 million from Sequoia Capital and others.
  14. Nusca, Andrew (November 16, 2017). "This Man Is Leading an AI Revolution in Silicon Valley—And He's Just Getting Started". Fortune. Archived from the original on November 16, 2017. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
  15. Feinstein, Ken (January 22, 1999). "Nvidia Goes Public". gamecenter.co. Archived from the original on October 22, 1999. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  16. Takahashi, Dean (January 25, 1999). "Shares of Nvidia Surge 64% After Initial Public Offering". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  17. "NVIDIA Corporation Announces Initial Public Offering of 3,500,000 Shares of Common Stock". nvidia.com. January 22, 1999. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  18. Perez, Derek; Hara, Michael (December 15, 2000). "NVIDIA to Acquire 3dfx Core Graphics Assets" (Press release). Santa Clara, CA. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  19. Leupp, Alex; Sellers, Scott (December 15, 2000). "3dfx Announces Three Major Initiatives To Protect Creditors and Maximize Shareholder Value" (Press release). San Jose, CA. Archived from the original on February 5, 2001. Retrieved January 23, 2017. Board of Directors Initiates Cost-Cutting Measures, Recommends to Shareholders Sale of Company Assets to NVIDIA Corporation for $112 million and Dissolution of Company
  20. Kanellos, Michael (April 11, 2002). "NNvidia buys out 3dfx graphics chip business". CNET. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  21. Becker, David. "Nvidia buys out Exluna". News.cnet.com. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
  22. "NVIDIA Completes Purchase of MediaQ". Press Release. NVIDIA Corporation. August 21, 2003. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  23. "NVIDIA Announces Acquisition of iReady". Press Release. NVIDIA Corporation. April 22, 2004. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  24. "NVIDIA to Acquire ULi Electronics, a Leading Developer of Core Logic Technology". Press Release. NVIDIA Corporation. December 14, 2005. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  25. Smith, Tony (March 22, 2006). "Nvidia acquires Hybrid Graphics – Middleware purchase". Hardware. The Register. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  26. Krazit, Tom; McCarthy, Caroline (December 1, 2006). "Justice Dept. subpoenas AMD, Nvidia". New York Times. Archived from the original on December 8, 2006.
  27. Brian Caulfield (January 7, 2008). "Shoot to Kill". Forbes. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
  28. "Nvidia acquires PortalPlayer". Press Release. NVIDIA Corporation. January 5, 2007. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
  29. "Nvidia to acquire Ageia for the PhysX chip". CNET. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  30. "Did NVIDIA cripple its CPU gaming physics library to spite Intel?". Ars Technica. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  31. "Nvidia Tegra 3: what you need to know". Techradar. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  32. "Nvidia Quad Core Mobile Processors Coming in August". PC World. Retrieved February 15, 2011.
  33. "Cambridge coup as Icera goes to Nvidia for £225m". Business Weekly. May 9, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  34. "Nvidia announces Project Shield handheld gaming system with 5-inch multitouch display, available in Q2 of this year". The Verge. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  35. "NVIDIA Pushes Further into HPC With Portland Group Acquisition – insideHPC". insideHPC. July 29, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  36. "Nvidia's new graphics cards are a big deal". The Verge. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  37. Mark Walton (May 7, 2016). "Nvidia's GTX 1080 and GTX 1070 revealed: Faster than Titan X at half the price". Ars Technica.
  38. Joel Hruska (May 10, 2016). "Nvidia's Ansel, VR Funhouse apps will enhance screenshots, showcase company's VR technology". ExtremeTech.
  39. Crider, Michael (October 5, 2017). "What Are NVIDIA MAX-Q Laptops?". How-To Geek. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  40. Smith, Ryan. "Update: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 970 Settlement Claims Website Now Open". Anandtech. Purch, Inc. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
  41. Alexandria Sage (May 10, 2017). "Nvidia says Toyota will use its AI technology for self-driving cars". Reuters.
  42. "Nvidia and Baidu join forces in far reaching AI partnership".
  43. Newsroom, NVIDIA. "NVIDIA TITAN V Transforms the PC into AI Supercomputer". NVIDIA Newsroom Newsroom.
  44. "Introducing NVIDIA TITAN V: The World's Most Powerful PC Graphics Card". NVIDIA.
  45. https://nvidianews.nvidia.com/news/nvidia-reinvents-the-workstation-with-real-time-ray-tracing-6683520
  46. "Google Cloud gets support for Nvidia's Tesla P4 inferencing accelerators". Tech Crunch. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
  47. "Nvidia to acquire Mellanox Technologies for about $7 billion in cash". www.cnbc.com. March 11, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  48. Byford, Sam (May 27, 2019). "Nvidia announces RTX Studio laptops aimed at creators". The Verge. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
  49. "Minecraft with RTX: The World's Best Selling Videogame Is Adding Ray Tracing". www.nvidia.com. Retrieved April 25, 2020.
  50. "Nvidia GPU Class-Action Settlement Offers Repairs, New Laptops". PC Magazine. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  51. "Update: Nvidia Says Older Mobile GPUs, Chipsets Failing". ExtremeTech. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  52. "Intel agrees to pay NVIDIA $1.5b in patent license fees, signs cross-license". Engadget. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
  53. May 10, 2018. 'When will the Nvidia Web Drivers be released for macOS Mojave 10.14'. Nvidia
  54. Upgrade to macOS Mojave. Apple Computer
  55. Install macOS 10.14 Mojave on Mac Pro (Mid 2010) and Mac Pro (Mid 2012). Apple Computer
  56. September 28, 2018. CUDA 10 and macOS 10.14. Nvidia
  57. October 18, 2018. FAQ about MacOS 10.14 (Mojave) NVIDIA drivers
  58. Florian Maislinger. January 22, 2019. 'Apple and Nvidia are said to have a silent hostility'. PC Builders Club.
  59. William Gallagher and Mike Wuerthele. January 18, 2019. 'Apple's management doesn't want Nvidia support in macOS, and that's a bad sign for the Mac Pro'
  60. Vadim Yuryev. February 14, 2019. Video: Nvidia support was abandoned in macOS Mojave, and here's why. Apple Insider
  61. Daniel Eran Dilger. April 4, 2017. 'Why Apple's new GPU efforts are a major disruptive threat to Nvidia'. Apple Insider
  62. [https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208898 'Install macOS 10.14 Mojave on Mac Pro (Mid 2010) and Mac Pro (Mid 2012)'. Apple Inc.
  63. "NVIDIA Corporation – Financial Info – Annual Reports and Proxies". investor.nvidia.com. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  64. "GPU Technology Conference". GPU Technology Conference. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  65. "Company History | NVIDIA". www.nvidia.com. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  66. "Deep Learning and GPU-Programming Workshops at GTC 2018". NVIDIA. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  67. "Nvidia automotive solutions". Nvidia. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  68. "Nvidia unveils driverless car OS and partnership with TomTom". September 29, 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  69. "Nvidia Offers to Release Public Documentation on Certain Aspects of Their GPUs". September 23, 2013. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
  70. "nv". Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  71. "Linus Torvalds: 'Damn You, Nvidia' for not Supporting Linux". The Verge. June 17, 2012. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  72. "X.org, distributors, and proprietary modules". Linux Weekly News. Eklektix. August 14, 2006. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
  73. An overview of graphic card manufacturers and how well they work with Ubuntu Ubuntu Gamer, January 10, 2011 (Article by Luke Benstead)
  74. "Unix Drivers". Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  75. Kevin Parrish. "Nvidia Removed Linux Driver Feature Due to Windows". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  76. NVIDIA Begins Requiring Signed GPU Firmware Images, slashdot, 2014-09-27.
  77. Linux-Firmware Adds Signed NVIDIA Firmware Binaries For Turing's Type-C Controller, phoronix, 2019-02-13.
  78. The Open-Source NVIDIA "Nouveau" Driver Gets A Batch Of Fixes For Linux 5.3, phoronix, 2019-07-19.
  79. Jr, Berkeley Lovelace (February 10, 2017). "Cramer on AI: 'This is the replacement of us. We don't need us with Nvidia'".
  80. Markman, Jon. "Deep Learning, Cloud Power Nvidia".
  81. Strategy, Moor Insights and. "A Machine Learning Landscape: Where AMD, Intel, NVIDIA, Qualcomm And Xilinx AI Engines Live".
  82. "Google Cloud adds NVIDIA Tesla K80 GPU support to boost deep learning performance – TechRepublic".
  83. "Intel, Nvidia Trade Shots Over AI, Deep Learning".
  84. "Nvidia CEO bets big on deep learning and VR". April 5, 2016.
  85. "From not working to neural networking".
  86. Coldewey, Devin. "NVIDIA announces a supercomputer aimed at deep learning and AI".
  87. 21:07, February 21, 2017 at; tweet_btn(), Shaun Nichols. "Google rents out Nvidia Tesla GPUs in its cloud. If you ask nicely, that'll be 70 cents an hour, bud".CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  88. "IBM, NVIDIA partner for 'fastest deep learning enterprise solution' in the world – TechRepublic".
  89. "IBM and Nvidia team up to create deep learning hardware". November 14, 2016.
  90. "IBM and Nvidia make deep learning easy for AI service creators with a new bundle". November 15, 2016.
  91. "Facebook 'Big Basin' AI Compute Platform Adopts NVIDIA Tesla P100 For Next Gen Data Centers".
  92. "Nvidia to Power Fujitsu's New Deep Learning System at RIKEN – insideHPC". March 5, 2017.
  93. Tilley, Aaron. "Nvidia Beats Earnings Estimates As Its Artificial Intelligence Business Keeps On Booming".
  94. "Robot see, robot do: Nvidia system lets robots learn by watching humans" New Atlas, May 23, 2018
  95. Dean Takahashi. "Nvidia's Inception AI contest awards $1 million to 3 top startups". Venture Beat. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  96. https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2017/05/10/these-six-ai-startups-just-snagged-a-share-of-1-5-million-in-cash-prizes/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  97. "Six Startups Split $1.5 Million in Cash in AI startup competition". The Official NVIDIA Blog. May 10, 2017. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.