Moorgate station

Plan of Moorgate Street station in 1886

The station was opened as Moorgate Street by the Metropolitan Railway as the first eastwards extension from the original terminus at Farringdon. Parliamentary power had been obtained to build a station at Moorgate in 1861, two years before the initial section, and it was completed on 23 December 1865. Increased traffic from other companies, including goods traffic from the Great Northern Railway, led to the line between King's Cross and Moorgate being widened to four tracks; the route was called the City Widened Lines and included a new tunnel at Clerkenwell which was 16 feet (4.9 m) lower than the original. The Widened Lines were open from Moorgate to Farringdon on 1 July 1866, and to King's Cross on 17 February 1868.[9] Suburban services from the Midland Railway ran via Kentish Town and the Great Northern Railway ran via King's Cross.[10] In 1874, director of the Metropolitan, Edward Watkin, described Moorgate Street as "your great terminus" and recommended a 100-bedroom hotel should be built on top of the station.[11]

The now Northern line platforms were originally part of an extension of the City & South London Railway (C&SLR) beyond Borough towards Angel, forming the northern terminus of its services from Stockwell south of the River Thames. An act for the extension had been authorised in 1893 and included an eastern diversion of the original line underneath the Thames. The new station opened on 25 February 1900.[12] The line was extended to Angel on 17 November the following year.[13]

The Northern City Line to Moorgate was opened by the Great Northern & City Railway (GN&CR) on 14 February 1904 offering a service to Finsbury Park. It had an escalator connection to the other Moorgate platforms. The route was constructed in tube tunnels, but they were constructed at a diameter capable of accommodating main-line trains (in contrast to the majority of London tube tunnels which are much smaller).[14] The line was the first to use automatic signalling throughout its length without any moving parts. Though a popular route, it went into decline after the Metropolitan Railway purchased the route on 1 July 1913. Consequently, the planned through services to the Great Northern Railway's main line were never implemented.[15]

The CS&LR line (taken over by the Underground Group in 1913) closed services between Moorgate and Euston on 9 August 1922 in order to widen tunnels to 11 feet 8 ¹⁄₄ inches (3.56 m). The section from Moorgate to Clapham Common was worked on during the night while daytime services remained running, but closed completely on 28 November 1923 following a roof collapse at Newington Causeway the day before. Services to Euston opened on 20 April 1924, along with a connection to Camden Town and stations further north. Services to Clapham Common resumed on 1 December.[16] The station was renamed from Moorgate Street to Moorgate on 24 October that year.[17]

The Millfields entrance to Moorgate station

British Rail services to Moorgate were initially steam-operated. A commemorative service ran on 6 June 1971 from Moorgate to the depot at Neasden, powered by a 0-6-0 tank locomotive.[18] Steam was replaced by Cravens-built diesel multiple units and British Rail Class 31 locomotives class hauling non-corridor stock which remained in operation until 1976, when it was replaced with British Rail Class 313 electrics.[19]

The Northern City Line connection for Moorgate to Finsbury Park tube was closed beyond Drayton Park on 5 October 1964 to allow work on the Victoria line. The line never re-opened fully, but instead the line was connected to the Finsbury Park British Rail station, in order to provide a connection for suburban services into Moorgate. The new service opened on 1 September 1968.[20]

Moorgate station was completely modernised at platform level and street level in the 1960s, and the Widened Lines part of the station was extended to six platforms. The realignment of the platforms enabled about 500 yd (460 m) of the line to Barbican to be straightened and moved south to facilitate development of the Barbican Estate.[21]

A heritage Metropolitan steam train at Moorgate station in 2014

British Rail (Eastern Region) took over control of the Northern City Line from London Underground in 1975, as part of the Great Northern lines suburban electrification. The Highbury Branch of the Northern line was terminated. Services from Finsbury Park to Moorgate were diverted to the Northern City Line from the City Widened Lines the following year.[22] The City Widened Lines were renamed the Moorgate line[23] when overhead electrification was installed in 1982, allowing the Midland City Line service to run from Bedford via the Midland Main Line to Moorgate on the Thameslink service.[24]

The Moorgate Thameslink branch was reduced to peak hours services only in 2003, and closed permanently on 20 March 2009 as part of the Thameslink Programme upgrades.[5] The closure was required in order to lengthen the platforms at Farringdon to take the longer-carriage trains, which could only be done southward in the direction of Moorgate as there was too steep a gradient to the north.[25]

Under Crossrail works, the western ticket hall of the scheme's Liverpool Street station will be situated just east of Moorgate station. An interchange will be built, linking the Northern line platforms at Moorgate to the Central line at Liverpool Street via the Crossrail platforms spanning the two.[26]

The Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle lines serve the station between Barbican to the west and Liverpool Street to the east. All three lines share the same pair of tracks from Baker Street Junction to Aldgate Junction.

The typical service in trains per hour (tph) is:[32]

• 6 tph Clockwise via Liverpool Street and Tower Hill
• 6 tph Anti-Clockwise via Kings Cross St Pancras and Paddington

The typical service in trains per hour (tph) is:[32]

• 6 tph Eastbound to Barking
• 6 tph Westbound to Hammersmith via Paddington

The Metropolitan Line is the only line to operate express services from Moorgate, and then only at peak times. Fast services run non-stop between Wembley Park, Harrow-on-the-Hill and Moor Park; semi-fast services run non-stop between Wembley Park and Harrow-on-the-Hill.[33]

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour (tph) is:[34]

• 12 tph Eastbound to Aldgate
• 2 tph Westbound to Amersham (all stations)
• 2 tph Westbound to Chesham (all stations)
• 8 tph Westbound to Uxbridge (all stations)

Off-peak services to/from Watford terminate at Baker Street

The typical peak time service in trains per hour (tph) is:[34]

• 14 tph Eastbound to Aldgate
• 2 tph Westbound to Amersham (fast in the evening peak only)
• 2 tph Westbound to Chesham (fast in the evening peak only)
• 4 tph Westbound to Watford (semi-fast in the evening peak only)
• 6 tph Westbound to Uxbridge (all stations)

The Northern line serves the station between Old Street to the north and Bank to the south being part of the City branch of the Northern line via London Bridge.

The typical off-peak service in trains per hour (tph) are:[35][36]

• 10 tph Northbound to Edgware
• 10 tph Northbound to High Barnet
• 20 tph Southbound to Morden

The typical peak time service in trains per hour (tph) are:[35][36]

• 12 tph Northbound to Edgware
• 12 tph Northbound to High Barnet
• 24 tph Southbound to Morden

Previously, typical off-peak services include terminating at Colindale to the north and Tooting Broadway to the south.[36]

The Northern City Line, formerly part of the London Underground as self-contained tube line between Moorgate and Finsbury Park that was operated as part as a branch of the Northern line. The line is now part of the Great Northern Route (itself part of the East Coast Main Line), typical National Rail services at Moorgate off-peak Monday-Friday (all operated by Great Northern):

• 4 tph to Welwyn Garden City via Potters Bar
• 4 tph to Hertford North of which 2 tph extending to Watton-at-Stone and 1tph of those continuing to Stevenage

Great Northern introduced a weekend service from 13 December 2015.[37]

Preceding station		London Underground		Following station
Barbican towards Hammersmith		Circle line		Liverpool Street towards Edgware Road
		Hammersmith & City line		Liverpool Street towards Barking
Barbican towards Amersham, Chesham, Uxbridge or Watford		Metropolitan line		Liverpool Street towards Aldgate
Old Street towards Edgware, Mill Hill East or High Barnet		Northern line City Branch		Bank towards Morden
	National Rail
Old Street		Great Northern Northern City Line		Terminus
	Disused railways
Preceding station		National Rail		Following station
Barbican		First Capital Connect City Widened Lines		Terminus
	Former services
Preceding station		London Underground		Following station
Old Street towards Finsbury Park		Metropolitan line Northern City Branch (1913–39)		Terminus
		Northern line Northern City Branch (1939–75)
Barbican towards Hammersmith		Metropolitan line Hammersmith branch (1864–1990)		Liverpool Street towards Barking
	Abandoned Northern Heights proposal
Preceding station		London Underground		Following station
Old Street towards Bushey Heath, High Barnet or Alexandra Palace		Northern line		Terminus
	Abandoned Northern City Line extension
Preceding station		London Underground		Following station
Old Street towards Finsbury Park		Metropolitan Railway Northern City Line		Lothbury Terminus