Caloocan

Caloocan, officially the City of Caloocan (Tagalog: Lungsod ng Caloocan IPA: [kalɔʔokan]), or simply known as Caloocan City, is a 1st class highly urbanized city in Metro Manila, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 1,583,978 people[3] making it the fourth-most populous city in the Philippines.

Caloocan
Highly Urbanized City
City of Caloocan
(From top, left to right : Caloocan City Hall • La Loma Cemetery • Monumento Circle • Our Lady of Grace Parish Church • EDSA Caloocan • Caloocan Taoist Temple)

Flag

Seal
Nickname(s): 
Historic City of Caloocan

"Cradle of Katipunan"

"Motorcycle Capital of the National Capital Region"
Motto(s): 
Tao ang Una
Anthem: "Mabuhay ang Caloocan"
Map of Metro Manila with Caloocan highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Caloocan
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°39′N 120°58′E
Country Philippines
RegionNational Capital Region (NCR)
Provincenone (Former part of Rizal province until 1975)
District1st and 2nd Districts
Founded1815
CityhoodFebruary 16, 1962
Highly Urbanized CityDecember 22, 1979
Barangays188 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorOscar G. Malapitan (NP)
 • Vice MayorLuis Macario E. Asistio (NPC)
 • Representative, 1st DistrictDale Gonzalo R. Malapitan (PDP-Laban)
 • Representative, 2nd DistrictEdgar R. Erice (LP)
 • Electorate719,447 voters (2019)
Area
 [2]
 • Total55.80 km2 (21.54 sq mi)
Population
 (2015 census)[3]
 • Total1,583,978
 • Density28,000/km2 (74,000/sq mi)
Economy
 • Income class1st city income class
 • Poverty incidence4.44% (2015)[4]
 • Revenue (₱)4,384,495,437.50 (2016)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
1400–1413, 1420–1428
PSGC
137501000
IDD : area code +63 (0)02
Climate typetropical monsoon climate
Native languagesTagalog
Websitewww.caloocancity.gov.ph

It is divided into two geographical locations with a total combined area of 5,333.40 hectares. It was formerly part of the Province of Rizal of the Philippines' Southern Luzon Region. It comprises what is known as the CAMANAVA area along with cities Malabon, Navotas and Valenzuela.

South Caloocan is bordered by Manila, Quezon City, Malabon, Navotas and Valenzuela. North Caloocan shares its border with Quezon City, Valenzuela and Marilao, Meycauayan and San Jose del Monte in the province of Bulacan.

Name

Caloocan as a toponym comes from the Tagalog root word lo-ok; kalook-lookan (or kaloob-looban) means "innermost area". The city's name is colloquially spelled as Kalookan.

There is a mixed preference over the preferred spelling of the city's name. Variation, and the apparent confusion over the spelling, came about during the early 1970s, when a resolution was adopted by the municipal board, requiring the city departments to use the name "Kalookan." The execution of the said resolution was interrupted when the country was placed under a martial law in September 1972. After the restoration of city and municipal councils, then-city councilor Aurora Asistio-Henson filed Resolution No. 006, amending the previous resolution and seeking to promote Filipino nationalism by requiring all residents and all offices and establishments in the city, "whether public or private," to spell the name of the city as "Kalookan." According to Henson, the "Filipinized spelling" provides essence and significance to the city's history, and she added that it should be used "in the city hall, the barangay halls, public markets, and other places for the information and guidance of all concerned." Nevertheless this change in spelling was denounced by the city residents, business owners, and officials. Former legislator and mayor Virgilio Robles declared the move illegal because it lacked congressional approval. He added that the city's name is spelled as "Caloocan" as shown in the city charter. The general inclination of spelling in the city is "Caloocan" and not "Kalookan," despite the existing city ordinance, although confusion has led to varied spelling choices of many businesses throughout the city. The official logo has the city's name spelled as "Caloocan," and such spelling is favored by many barangays and public and private schools in the city. "Kalookan" is preferred by the Makati-based Directories of the Philippines Corporation (DPC), while many national newspapers and magazines, and mapmakers like the Mandaluyong-based HYDN Publishing favor "Caloocan."[5][6]

History
The ammunition train and reserves of the 20th Kansas Volunteers, Col. Frederick R. Funston, marching through Caloocan at night after the battle of February 10.

Originally, Caloocan was a lowland area located on the corner where the old town of Tondo and Tambobong meet. Caloocan became a municipality when it was separated from Tondo in 1815. Its original territory was extended to Marikina, San Mateo and Montalban to the east; Tinajeros, Tanza and Tala rivers to the north; San Francisco del Monte, Sampalok, Santa Cruz and Tondo in the south; and Dagat-dagatan and Aromahan to the west.[7]

The city is historically significant because it was the center of activities for the Katipunan, the secret militant society that launched the Philippine Revolution during the Spanish occupation of the Philippines. In a house in Caloocan secret meetings were held by Andrés Bonifacio and his men, and it was in the city's perimeters where the first armed encounter took place between the Katipunan and the Spaniards. The revolution erupted after the Cry of Balintawak led by Andres Bonifacio

In 1899 the city saw heavy fighting in the Philippine–American War, at the Battle of Caloocan and the Second Battle of Caloocan.

In 1901, during the formation of the province of Rizal, Caloocan was included in its matrix. Novaliches became part of Caloocan pursuant to Act 942, as amended by Act 984 and Act 1008 of the Philippine Commission, which was transferred in 1949 for the formation of Quezon City.

In 1961, after Republic Act No. 3278 was approved by the Philippine Congress and the plebiscite was conducted. Caloocan was officially inducted into cityhood on February 16, 1962

In 2020, the city and the entire metropolitan Manila was placed under community quarantine for one month starting March 15 due to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic.

Territorial changes

Caloocan once encompassed a much larger, contiguous area. The districts of Balintawak, La Loma and Novaliches were once part of Caloocan. Balintawak is a historic district because it was the original site of the "Cry of Pugad Lawin" (Unang Sigaw sa Balintawak) at a location called "Kang-kong" near Tandang Sora's house. Novaliches was an expansive sector with some hillsides that served as meeting places and hideouts for Andrés Bonifacio and the Katipunan.

By the 1920s there was a consolidation of several municipalities. Caloocan annexed the neighbouring town of Novaliches, as stated in the Act 942, as amended by Acts 984 and 1008 of the Philippine Commission, bringing its total area to about 15,000 hectares. It extended to the foothills of Marikina, San Mateo and Montalban in the east; Tinajeros, Tanza and Tala rivers in the north; San Francisco del Monte, Sampalok, Santa Cruz and Tondo in the south; and Dagat-Dagatan or Aromahan in the west.

When Quezon City was created in 1939, Caloocan ceded 1,500 hectares of land from the barrios or sitios of Balintawák, Balingasa, Kaingin, Kangkong, La Loma, Malamig, Matalahib, Masambong, Galas, San Isidro, San José, Santol and Tatalon. Instead of opposing the transfer, Caloocan residents willingly gave the land in the belief it will benefit the country's new capital city.

However, in 1949, Congress passed Republic Act No. 333, which redefined the Caloocan-Quezon City boundary. The barrios of Baesa, Talipapâ, San Bartolomé, Pasong Tamó, Novaliches, Banlat, Kabuyao, Pugad Lawin, Bagbag, Pasong Putik, which once belonged to Novaliches and had an area of about 8,100 hectares, were excised from Caloocan. The remaining portion of the Novaliches is now called North Caloocan. This split Caloocan into two parts: a southern section that is more urbanised, and a northern section that became suburban-rural.

Geography

Caloocan is divided into two non-contiguous areas. Southern Caloocan lies directly north of the Manila and is bounded by Malabon and Valenzuela to the north and west, Navotas to the west, and Quezon City to the east. Northern Caloocan is the northernmost territory of Metro Manila which most residents call Novaliches or Fairview; it lies east of Valenzuela, north of Quezon City, and south of San Jose del Monte, Meycauayan and Marilao in the province of Bulacan. Caloocan's northern part is much larger than its southern half.

Barangays

Caloocan is divided into 188 barangays. The city uses a hybrid system for its barangays. All barangays have their corresponding numbers but only a few — mostly in the northern part — have corresponding names. However, names of barrios and districts do not necessarily coincide with barangay perimeters. Barangays in southern Caloocan are smaller compared to their northern counterparts.

Among the cities in Metro Manila, only Manila, Pasay and Caloocan implement the so-called "Zone Systems". A zone is a group of barangays in a district. Although a zone is considered a subdivision in the local government units, the people do not elect a leader for the zone in a popular election similar to the normal barangay or local elections. The zoning system is merely for statistical purposes. Caloocan has 16 zones. The biggest zone in Caloocan is Zone 15 in District 1 (North Caloocan) directly west of the second biggest zone in Caloocan which is Zone 16.

Barangay Bagong Silang (176) is the most populous barangay in the entire country with a population of 246,515 people.[3]

In 1957, the sitio of Bagbagin was separated from the barrio of Kaybiga and converted into a distinct barrio known as barrio Bagbagin.[8]

In 1989, Republic Act 6714 called for reducing the seventy (70) barangays constituting the first congressional district of Caloocan City to only thirty (30) barangays. It was presumably defeated in the plebiscite that followed.[9]

Demographics
Population census of Caloocan
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 7,847—    
1918 19,551+6.27%
1939 38,320+3.26%
1948 58,208+4.75%
1960 145,523+7.93%
1970 274,453+6.54%
1975 397,201+7.70%
1980 467,816+3.33%
1990 763,415+5.02%
1995 1,023,159+5.64%
2000 1,177,604+3.06%
2007 1,378,856+2.20%
2010 1,489,040+2.84%
2015 1,583,978+1.18%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[3][28][29][30]

As of 2015, the city has a population of 1,583,978 people, which makes it the fourth largest city in the Philippines in population.[3] Under the same census year, Caloocan South (Barangays 1 to 164) has a population of 585,091 and Caloocan North (Barangays 165 to 188) has a population of 998,887. If the two districts are treated as separate cities, they will still be among the largest in country for the 2015 census year - ranking as the 4th and 17th with the highest population.

The population density of Caloocan (28,387 persons per square kilometer) surpasses that of the NCR population density.[31]

Of the country's 238 legislative districts (LDs), the First LD of Caloocan was the biggest in terms of population size, with 1.19 million persons.[32]

Most residents speak both Filipino and English, with considerable numbers speaking other languages and dialects.

Like many other places in the country, Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion. There is a significant presence of Iglesia ni Cristo and other Protestant churches like Church of God Caloocan located at Baesa, Caloocan City.

Economy

Caloocan's 10th Avenue area is well known for the clusters of motorcycle dealers and motorcycle spare parts dealers. Among the major and famous streets are P. Zamora Street and A. Mabini Street.

Numerous banks have branches in the city such as Banco de Oro, East West Bank, MetroBank, Maybank, Chinabank, Bank of the Philippine Islands, Our Lady of Grace Credit Cooperative, etc.

The city also has a number of shopping malls and stand-alone supermarkets and hypermarkets including the former Ever Gotesco Grand Central (and future SM City Grand Central), Puregold Maypajo, Monumento and Caloocan, Victory Central Mall, Puregold Monumento, Araneta Square, Uniwide Warehouse Club Monumento, SM Hypermarket Monumento, and SM Center Sangandaan which are in Monumento area in the south. In the north, there are two shopping malls serving the residents of Bagong Silang and Camarin, namely, Zabarte Town Center, Holiday Island Mall and Metroplaza Mall. Savemore Market have three branches which are located in Kiko Camarin in Barangay 178 (Kiko Camarin), Zabarte inside Zabarte Town Center, Kaybiga and Primark Deparo. Puregold Price Club also opened three branches in North Caloocan which are located in Zabarte, Bagong Silang and Deparo. In 2017, Primark Town Center Deparo started to serve the residents of Deparo and the nearby barangays of Bagumbong and Llano.

Manila North Tollways Corporation (the concession holder of the North Luzon Expressway), is headquartered in Caloocan. The North Luzon Expressway, through Segment 10.1 also traverses through Caloocan from the right-of-way of the Philippine National Railways.

Local government
The north end of EDSA in Caloocan

List of Mayors and Vice Mayors
Mayors and Vice Mayors of Caloocan[33]
Municipality of Caloocan, Province of Rizal
Period of Tenure Mayor Vice Mayor
1902–1904Pedro Sevilla
1904–1906Silverio Baltazar
1906–1908Tomas Susano
1908–1910Leon Nadurata
1910–1913Emilio Sanchez
1913–1915Godofredo Herrera
1915–1921Jose Sanchez
1922–1925Dominador Aquino
1926–1928Pablo Pablo
1928–1931Dominador Aquino
1932–1940Pablo Pablo
1941–1944Cornelio Cordero
1945–1946Oscar Baello
1946–1951Jesus BasaAnacleto Bustamante (1950–1954)
1952–1962Macario Asistio, SrMateo Lualhati (1962–1963)
City of Caloocan, Province of Rizal
1962–1971Macario Asistio, Sr.Alejandro Fider (1964–1971)
1972–1976Marcial SamsonIsagani Arcadio
City of Caloocan, Metropolitan Manila
1976–1978Alejandro Fider
1978–1980Virgilio Robles
1980–1986Macario Asistio, Jr.Macario "Mac" Floro Ramirez Sr.
1986Virgilio RoblesVicente Del Mundo
1986–1987Antonio MartinezVicente del Mundo
1987–1988Crisipulo San GabrielLina Aurelio
1988–1995Macario Asistio, Jr.Celestino Rosca
1995–1998Rey MalonzoNancy Quimpo
1998–2001Oscar Malapitan
2001–2004Luis Varela
2004–2010Enrico Echiverri
2010–2013Edgar Erice
2013–2022Oscar MalapitanMacario Asistio III

Infrastructure

Transportation
The Balintawak Toll Barrier of the North Luzon Expressway.

The Line 1 has a terminal at Monumento that passes through the city's 5th Avenue LRT Station. The railway traverses Rizal Avenue Extension and enters the City of Manila and Pasay City. The stretch can be traveled in about 30 minutes. Philippine National Railways also has a line, with its terminal at Samson Road, and passes through Caloocan railway station, 10th Avenue railway station, and 5th Avenue railway station. The currently under construction Line 7 had also proposed two stations located at the northern part of Caloocan that will be passing at Sacred Heart and Tala.

The city has an extensive network of roads, the most prominent being Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, which begins in the Monumento area. The North Luzon Expressway's Operations and Maintenance Center and the motorway's Balintawak Toll Barrier are in Caloocan.

Bus line Victory Liner Incorporated has its headquarters and terminal along in Rizal Avenue Extension near the Monumento Station.

Landmarks

The city's most celebrated landmark is the monument to the revolutionary Andrés Bonifacio, which stands on a roundabout at the northern terminus of EDSA. The memorial was erected in 1933, and consists of an obelisk with sculptures by National Artist Guillermo Tolentino. The monument marks the very first battle of the Philippine Revolution on 3 August 1896.

Recent renovations have been made on the environs of the monument, including the Bonifacio Circle, its former site, and the Caloocan stretch of EDSA, which is 100 metres away from the landmark. The whole area is known as 'Monumento'.

South City hall stands in a rectangular lot bordered by 8th and 9th Streets and 8th and 9th Avenues in the southern part of the city. The second old south city hall stands today at A. Mabini Street across from San Roque Parish Cathedral. There is also the North City hall serving the northern part of the city. The city's District Office of the Bureau of Internal Revenue is along EDSA.

Police

The Caloocan City Police Station is under the parent agency National Capital Region Police Office's Northern Police District of the Philippine National Police.

The whole Caloocan City police force was recently sacked after a series of crimes, including killings and robberies, were committed by its members. However, instead of dismissing the erring police officers, they were scheduled to be retrained by Former PNP Chief and now Senator Ronald dela Rosa.

Education

The city's one public university is the University of Caloocan City (formerly Caloocan City Community College in 1971 and Caloocan City Polytechnic College in 1975). Other educational institutions offering tertiary education include University of the East Caloocan, Manila Central University, La Consolacion College-Caloocan, and La Consolacion College-Novaliches, among others.

There are also several public and private schools catering to K12 such as Caloocan National Science and Technology High School (North Caloocan's first-ever science and technology high school; its students are admitted if they pass a competitive examination), Caloocan City Science High School, Caloocan City Business High School, Caloocan High School, Amparo High School, Maria Clara High School, Notre Dame of Greater Manila, Philippine Cultural College (Annex), Holy Infant Montessori Center, Northern Rizal Yorklin School, St. Mary's Academy of Caloocan City, Bagumbong High School (Main and Annex), Camarin High School, Tala High School, Manuel Luis Quezon High School, Sampaguita High School, Cielito Zamora High School, Bagong Silang High School, National Housing Corporation High School (NHC HS), Genesis Christian Academy of Caloocan, Kalayaan National High School, Deparo High School, Escuela de Sophia of Caloocan, Inc., Guardian Angel School, Saint Benedict School of Novaliches, Saint Dominic Savio School of Caloocan City, Saint Andrew School MHANLE Inc., Immaculada Concepcion College, Systems Plus Computer College, St. Gabriel Academy, Asian Institute of Computer Studies – Caloocan, St. Clare College of Caloocan, Mystical Rose School of Caloocan, Holy Angel School of Caloocan Inc., St. Agnes Academy of Caloocan Inc., St. Therese of Rose School, Young Achievers School of Caloocan, St. Joseph College of Novaliches, St. Raphaela Mary School of Caloocan, Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic School, Maranatha Christian Academy of Caloocan (Camarin), Kasarinlan High School, Kasarinlan Elementary School, Grace Park Elementary School, Maypajo Elementary School, Sampalukan Elementary School, Libis Talisay Elementary School, Kaunlaran Elementary School, Lerma Elementary School, Pag-Asa Elementary School, Camarin Elementary School and the two campuses of La Consolacion College (one is in Novaliches in the northern part and the other is on the southern part, near city hall).

There is a campus of Access Computer College, AMA Computer College Campus, a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution and STI Academic Center Caloocan at the Samson Road Road corner Caimito Road in front of UE Caloocan.

Twin towns – sister cities

Local
  • Calamba, Laguna
  • Malabon, Metro Manila
  • San Jose del Monte, Bulacan

International
  • A century-old Taoist temple, near Line 1 5th Avenue Station.
  • Caloocan Sports Complex
  • Bonifacio Monument
  • View of Barangay 15 and 16 from City Hall
  • Regional Trial Courts, Halls of Justice
  • Vicariate of Our Lady of Grace, Diocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Grace, Roman Catholic Diocese of Kalookan

References
  2. "Province: NCR, THIRD DISTRICT (Not a Province)". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  3. Census of Population (2015). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  4. "PSA releases the 2015 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Quezon City, Philippines. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  5. "Confusion over spelling: Caloocan or Kalookan?". The Manila Times. October 19, 2004. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  6. Samonte, Severino (December 6, 2018). "Which is which, Caloocan or Kalookan?". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
  7. "About Us". www.caloocancity.gov.ph. Retrieved 2019-03-20.
  8. "An Act to Convert the Sitio of Bagbagin, Municipality of Caloocan, Province of Rizal, into a Barrio to be known as Barrio Bagbagin of the Same Municipality and Separating it from the Barrio of Caybiga of the Same Municipality". LawPH.com. Retrieved 2011-04-12.
  9. "REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6714 AN ACT MERGING, DIVIDING, AND/OR REVIVING THE DIFFERENT BARANGAYS IN CALOOCAN CITY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES". Official Gazette of the Philippines. February 28, 1989. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
  10. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 1 Archived 2009-10-07 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved July 8, 2009
  11. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 2 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  12. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 3 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  13. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 4 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  14. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 5 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  15. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 6 Archived 2010-10-11 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved July 8, 2009
  16. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 7 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  17. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 8 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  18. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 9 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  19. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 10 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  20. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 11 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  21. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 12 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  22. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 13 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  23. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 14 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  24. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 15 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  25. https://www.google.com/maps/place/Barangay+171,+Caloocan,+Metro+Manila/@14.745378,120.9757233,13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x3397b1bf1440381d:0xab653b08fe7ecd6b!8m2!3d14.7520898!4d121.0179273
  26. https://www.google.com/maps/place/173,+Novaliches,+Caloocan,+Metro+Manila/@14.7528569,121.0299932,16z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3397b034a7a50f5f:0x1874ec6d4d74020b!8m2!3d14.7541809!4d121.0349434
  27. Caloocan City Barangay Directory Zone 16 Retrieved July 8, 2009
  28. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  29. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. NSO.
  30. "Province of Metro Manila, 3rd (Not a Province)". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  31. "Philippine Population Density (Based on the 2015 Census of Population)". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  32. "Population Counts by Legislative District (Based on the 2015 Census of Population)". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  33. mayors-of-caloocan List of Mayors and Vice Mayors of Caloocan
  34. "Sister cities". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
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