Timeline of Plymouth
Prior to 17th century
- 1086 - The Domesday Book records Plymouth as Sudtone (Sutton) and records only 7 households and a total annual revenue of £1. The lord of the manor before 1066 had been Edward the Confessor.[1]
- 1254 – Town status recognised.[2]
- 1276 - Plymouth first recorded as a borough.[3]
- 1291 – St. Andrew church built.[4]
- 1371 – Royal Chapel of St Katherine-upon-the-Hoe licensed.
- 1403 – Town burned by Bretons.[5]
- 1404 – Town wall constructed.[6]
- 1431 – Dominican monastery built.
- 1439
- 1542 - Antiquary John Leland visits and records "The towne of Plymmouth is very large."[8]
- 1572 – Grammar school founded.[9]
- 1579 – Plague.[9]
- 1580 – 26 September: Drake's Golden Hind ship arrives.[10]
- 1581 – Plague.[9]
- 1588 - 19 July: Fifty-five English ships sail from Plymouth under the command of Lord Howard of Effingham and Sir Francis Drake to fight the Spanish Armada.
17th–18th centuries
- 1620
- 6 September: Mayflower ship departs for New England.[5]
- November: Mayflower arrives in New England.
- 1621 – 9 November: The Fortune arrives in Cape Cod.
- 1623 – 10 July: The Anne arrives in Plymouth Colony.
- 1623 – 5 August: The Little James arrives in Plymouth Colony.
- 1644 – The Siege of Plymouth by Royalist forces under Sir Richard Grenville in the English Civil War.
- 1652 – 26 August: Battle of Plymouth occurs offshore in the First Anglo-Dutch War.
- 1657 – Charles Church built.
- 1658 – Post house established.[11]
- 1670 – Citadel built on the Hoe.[2]
- 1671 – Royal Chapel of St Katherine-upon-the-Hoe rebuilt (approximate date).
- 1690 – Royal Dockyard built near town.[2][12]
- 1696 - Work starts on Henry Winstanley's first Eddystone Lighthouse, 12 miles (19 km) off Plymouth Sound.
- 1718 – Plymouth Weekly Journal in publication.[13]
- 1758
- 1759 – Smeaton's Tower (lighthouse) built.
- 1762 – Plymouth Synagogue built.
- 1768 – Cookworthy's porcelain factory established.[14]
- 1770 – Plymouth Improvement Act passed by Parliament.
- 1773 – Stonehouse Bridge constructed.[11]
- 1781 – Poor Relief, etc. Act passed by Parliament.
- 1790 – New Pier constructed at Sutton Pool.[15]
- 1798 – 3 April: HMS Pallas wrecked offshore.[16]
- 1800 – Guildhall built.[17]
19th century
- 1808 – Plymouth Gazette begins publication.[18]
- 1810 – Plymouth Proprietary Library founded.[19]
- 1811 – Theatre/Hotel building constructed.[17]
- 1812
- Plymouth Institution (now The Plymouth Athenaeum) founded.[20][21]
- Plymouth Breakwater construction begins.[22]
- 1813
- 1815 - 26 July: Napoleon Bonaparte enters Plymouth Sound aboard HMS Bellerophon, awaiting transportation to exile in Saint Helena.
- 1819 – The Plymouth Athenaeum building designed by John Foulston opens.[23]
- 1820 – Plymouth Herald and Plymouth Journal newspapers begin publication.[24]
- 1825 – Plymouth and Dartmoor Railway in operation.
- 1826 – Plymouth Mechanics' Institute founded.[17]
- 1828
- 1829
- 1831 – Plymouth and Devonport Spring Races begin.[17]
- 1832 – Plymouth Times newspaper begins publication.[24]
- 1844 – Lighthouse commissioned on Plymouth Breakwater.
- 1849 – South Devon Railway begins operating.[5]
- 1851 – Plymouth Institution (now The Plymouth Athenaeum) merges with Devon and Cornwall Natural History Society.[26]
- 1854 – Royal Albert Bridge constructed to Saltash.
- 1856 – Plymouth Drawing School founded.
- 1858 – Plymouth Cathedral building constructed.[27]
- 1860 - Royal Commission on the Defence of the United Kingdom recommends a huge programme of fortifications for Plymouth, with a projected cost of £3,020,000.[28]
- 1862 – Plymouth Lifeboat Station in operation.[29]
- 1863 – St. Boniface Boys' Catholic School active.
- 1865
- Plymouth Breakwater Fort built.
- Duke of Cornwall Hotel in business.
- 1871 – Agaton Fort built.
- 1874 – Guildhall built.[27]
- 1877 – Plymouth College founded.
- 1889 – Grand Theatre opens.[30]
- 1895 – Western Evening Herald newspaper begins publication.[31]
- 1898 – New Palace Theatre opens.[30]
- 1899 – Plymouth Institution (now The Plymouth Athenaeum) merges with Plymouth Mechanics' Institute.[26]
20th century
- 1914 – Plymouth, Devonport, and East Stonehouse merge to form the County Borough of Plymouth.[5]
- 1928 – Plymouth attains city status.[2]
- 1929 – Old Plymouth Society founded.[32]
- 1933 – Western Fascist newspaper begins publication.[33]
- 1934 – Mayflower Steps monument erected.[2]
- 1935
- Tinside Pool (swimming pool) opens.
- Lord Mayor appointed.[2]
- 1940 – 6 July: Aerial bombing by German forces begins.
- 1941 – 20 March: Aerial bombing by German forces.[5]
- 1944 – May: aerial bombing by German forces ends: about 1,000 people were killed, 5,000 injured, 10,000 houses destroyed, and 70,000 more damaged.[3]
- 1958 – Drake Cinema opens.[30]
- 1961
- Westward Television begins broadcasting.
- The Plymouth Athenaeum reopens after destruction of original building in Blitz.[34]
- 1967
- 1971 – Mayflower Centre (sport facility) built.
- 1975 – Plymouth Sound (radio) begins broadcasting.
- 1982
- Television South West begins broadcasting.
- St Boniface Arena opens.
- 1986 – Plymouth Citybus begins operating.
- 1991 – Plymouth Pavilions (sport facility) opens.
- 1992 – University of Plymouth chartered.[5]
- 1994 - Marsh Mills Retail Park opens, including stores such as Sainsbury's and Homebase.
- 1998 – National Marine Aquarium opens.
- 1999 – Vue cinema opens.[30]
21st century
- 2006 – Drake Circus Shopping Centre in business.
- 2009 – The Plymouth Athenaeum's theatre closes.[36]
- 2010 – Radio Plymouth begins broadcasting.
- 2012 – The Plymouth Athenaeum celebrates bicentenary.[37]
- 2017 - Beckley Point is completed.
See also
- History of Plymouth
- Timelines of other cities in South West England: Bath, Bristol, Exeter
References
- Palmer, J N N. "Open Domesday - Place: Sutton". opendomesday.org. Powell-Smith, Anna. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
- "Brief History of Plymouth". Plymouth City Council. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- "Plymouth". www.devon.gov.uk. Devon County Council. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
- John Thomson (1845), "Plymouth", New Universal Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary, London: H.G. Bohn
- Devon Library and Information Services. "Devon Timeline". Devon County Council. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- "Local History". Plymouth City Council. Archived from the original on 31 July 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- Samantha Letters (2005), "Devon", Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516, Institute of Historical Research, Centre for Metropolitan History
- Smith, Lucy Toulmin (editor) 1907, The Itinerary of John Leland in or about the years 1535-1543, George Bell and Sons, London (p. 212)
- George Henry Townsend (1867), "Plymouth", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
- "Tudors". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- R.N. Worth (1890). History of Plymouth from the Earliest Period to the Present Time (2nd ed.). Plymouth: W. Brendon & Son.
- "Her Majesty's Naval Base Devonport". United Kingdom: Ministry of Defence, Royal Navy. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- "Plymouth (England) Newspapers". Main Catalogue. British Library. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- R.N. Worth (1876), "William Cookworthy and the Plymouth China Factory", Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art, Plymouth: W. Brendon & Son, 8, hdl:2027/nyp.33433071365633
- "Plymouth Town". Plymouth-Dock Guide. Plymouth-Dock: E. Hoxland. 1796.
- William Toone (1835). Chronological Historian ... of Great Britain (2nd ed.). London: J. Dowding.
- H.E. Carrington (1837), Plymouth and Devonport Guide (4th ed.), Devonport: W. Byers
- "Catalogue of Works Relating to Devon and Cornwall", South Devon Literary Chronicle, Plymouth: R. Lidstone, 1847 + part 2, part 3
- "Directory". UK: Association of Independent Libraries. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- Transactions of the Plymouth Institution, Plymouth: Rowe, 1830
- "About Us". Plymouth Athenaeum. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- George Granville (1825). Companion to the Plymouth and Devonport National Breakwater. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green.
- Devon (Pevsner Buildings of England) by Nikolaus Pevsner (Author), Bridget Cherry (Author, Editor) Cherry & Pevsner 1989, p.664.
- "Plymouth". Newspaper Press Directory. London: Charles Mitchell. 1847.
- W.H.K. Wright (1889). The Blue Friars. London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co.
- The Plymouth Athenaeum 1812 – 2012, Athenaeum Publishing 2012
- Hermann G. de Watteville (1910), "Plymouth", The Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, OCLC 14782424
- Hogg, Ian V (1974), Coast Defences of England and Wales, 1856-1956, David & Charles, ISBN 978-0-7153635-3-9 (p. 23)
- "Station History". Plymouth Lifeboat Station. Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- "Movie Theaters in Plymouth, England". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- "Plymouth", Willing's Press Guide, London: James Willing, Jr., 1907
- "History of the Society". Old Plymouth Society. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
- Ian Maxted (2001), "The alternative press in Devon", A history of the book in Devon, Exeter Working Papers in British Book Trade History
- "Athenaeum, Plymouth - Theatre Tickets, whats on and theatre information". Theatresonline.com. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- "1967: Sir Francis Chichester sails home". BBC. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- "Days left for Plymouth Athenaeum Theatre". Plymouth Herald. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- "History of city centre venue is published". Plymouth Herald. Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
Further reading
Published in the 19th century
1800s–1840s
- John Britton; Edward Wedlake Brayley (1803), "Plymouth", Beauties of England and Wales, 4, London: Vernor & Hood
- Henry Woollcombe (1812). Picture of Plymouth. Plymouth: Rees & Curtis. OCLC 504893051.
- George Alexander Cooke (c. 1822). "Plymouth". Topographical and Statistical Description of the County of Devon (3rd ed.). London: Sherwood, Neeley and Jones.
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Plymouth", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven, Connecticut: S. Converse
- David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Plymouth". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. 15. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0gt5vw9n.
- George Wightwick (1836), Nettleton's Guide to Plymouth, Stonehouse, Devonport, Plymouth: Edward Nettleton
- "Plymouth", Leigh's New Pocket Road-Book of England and Wales (7th ed.), London: Leigh and Son, 1839
- J. Pigot & Co. (c. 1839), "Plymouth", Devonshire, Pigot and Co.'s Pocket Atlas, Topography and Gazetteer of England, London
- Stranger's Hand-Book, to the Western Metropolis; Containing a ... Description of Plymouth, Devonport, Stonehouse, and Neighborhood. Devonport: W. Wood & Son. 1841.
- Samuel Lewis (1848), "Plymouth", Topographical Dictionary of England (7th ed.), London: S. Lewis and Co.
1850s–1890s
- George Samuel Measom (1860), "Plymouth", Official Illustrated Guide to the Bristol and Exeter, North and South Devon, Cornwall, and South Wales Railways, London: Richard Griffin and Co., hdl:2027/wu.89097040505
- Llewellynn Jewitt (1873). History of Plymouth. Simpkin, Marshall and Company.
- "Plymouth", History, Gazetteer and Directory of the County of Devon including the City of Exeter (2nd ed.), Sheffield: William White, 1878
- John Parker Anderson (1881), "Devonshire: Plymouth", Book of British Topography: a Classified Catalogue of the Topographical Works in the Library of the British Museum Relating to Great Britain and Ireland, London: W. Satchell
- R.N. Worth (1883), "Plymouth", Tourist's Guide to South Devon (3rd ed.), London: Edward Stanford
- R.N. Worth (1883). "Antiquity and Antiquities of Plymouth". Journal of the British Archaeological Association. 339. hdl:2027/coo.31924065841102.
- Edward E. Meeres (1886). "Plymouth in the Eighteenth Century, from a Medical Point of View". Western Antiquary, or Notebook for Devon, Cornwall & Somerset. Plymouth. 6.
- Richard Nicholls Worth (1893), Calendar of the Plymouth Municipal Records, Plymouth, OL 7179704M
- "Plymouth", Handbook for Travellers in Devon (11th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1895, hdl:2027/nyp.33433075903538
- "Portsmouth", Great Britain (4th ed.), Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1897, OCLC 6430424
- Charles Gross (1897). "Plymouth". Bibliography of British Municipal History. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co.
- F.M. Williams (1898), Plymouth as a Tourist and Health Resort, Plymouth: J.H. Keys
- "Western Section: Plymouth". Book of Fair Devon. United Devon Association. 1900.
- Henry Francis Whitfeld (1900), Plymouth and Devonport: in times of war and peace, Plymouth: E. Chapple, OL 7050021M
Published in the 20th century
- Pictorial and Descriptive Guide to Plymouth, Stonehouse, Devonport, and South-West Devon. Half title:Plymouth and South-West Devon. London: Ward Lock & Co. c. 1901.
- Charles E. Eldred and W.H.K. Wright (1901). Streets of Old Plymouth. Printed by J. H. Keys.
- G.K. Fortescue, ed. (1902). "Plymouth, Devon". Subject Index of the Modern Works Added to the Library of the British Museum in the Years 1881–1900. London. hdl:2027/uc1.b5107013.
- A. R. Hope Moncrieff (1902), "Plymouth", Black's Guide to Devonshire (17th ed.), London: A. & C. Black
- J.G. Bartholomew (1904), "Plymouth", Survey Gazetteer of the British Isles, London: G. Newnes
- W.H.K. Wright (1909). Story of Plymouth for Young and Old. Exeter: A. Wheaton.
- Bracken C.W., 1931, A History of Plymouth and her Neighbours, Underhill (Plymouth) Ltd.
- A.H. Shorter and E.T. Woodley (1937). "Plymouth, Port and City". Geography. 22.
- "City That Refused to Die", National Geographic, Washington, D.C., 89, 1946 (describes Plymouth)
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Plymouth. |
- "Plymouth Maritime History Timeline". Shipwrecks and History in Plymouth Sound. Plymouth, England: SHIPS Project.
- "Devon", Historical Directories, UK: University of Leicester. Includes digitised directories of Plymouth area, various dates
- Digital Public Library of America. Works related to Plymouth, various dates
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