Timeline of Braunschweig

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
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Prior to 19th century
  • 861 - According to legend, Braunschweig founded by Bruno of Saxony.[1]
  • 955 - Area of city expanded.[2]
  • 1031 - St. Magni (Braunschweig) church consecrated.[1]
  • 1145 - Riddagshausen Abbey founded.
  • 1160s - Henry the Lion makes Braunschweig his residence.
  • 1166 - Brunswick Lion statue created.[3]
  • 1175 - Dankwarderode Castle built.
  • 1188 - Gospels of Henry the Lion created.
  • 1190s - St. Martini (Braunschweig) church construction begins.[1]
  • 1194 - Brunswick Cathedral built.[1]
  • 1194 - 6 August: Henry the Lion dies.
  • 1200s
    • St. Katharinen (Braunschweig) church construction begins.
    • Braunschweig joins the Hanseatic League.[4]
    • Schoduvel (carnival) is celebrated.[5]
  • 1245 - Großes Waisenhaus BMV (nursing home and orphanage) established.
  • 1293–94 - Schicht der Gildemeister (civil unrest)
  • 1304 - Bartholomäuskapelle (Braunschweig) on Schützenstraße (Braunschweig) first mentioned.
  • 1307 - Gewandhaus (Braunschweig) guildhall/exchange first mentioned.
  • 1312 - Rüningen gristmill first mentioned.
  • 1370s - Große Schicht (civil unrest)
  • 1390
  • 1396 - Altstadtrathaus (Braunschweig) (city hall) building expanded.[7]
  • 1408 - Altstadtmarktbrunnen (fountain) installed in the Altstadtmarkt (Braunschweig).[7]
  • 1410s
    • Liberei (library) built.
    • Braunschweiger Pfaffenkrieg (conflict between city council and churches)
  • 1411 - Faule Mette cannon created.
  • 1415 - Martino-Katharineum Braunschweig secondary school established.
  • 1420 - St. Andreas (Braunschweig) church built (approximate date).[1]
  • 1432 - The Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel move their Residenz from Braunschweig to Wolfenbüttel.[8]
  • 1434 - Aegidienkirche (church) built (approximate date).[1]
  • 1445–46 - Schicht der „ungehorsamen Bürger“ (civil unrest)
  • 1451 - Brüdernkirche (Braunschweig) (church) built.[1]
  • 1487–89 - Ludeke Hollants Schicht (civil unrest)
  • 1498 - Braunschweiger Messe (fair) established.[3]
  • 1509 - Printing press in operation.[9]
  • 1520s - Protestant Reformation in Braunschweig.
  • 1524 - Huneborstelsches Haus built.[3]
  • 1531–32 - Braunschweig joins Schmalkaldic League.
  • 1534 - Alte Waage (Braunschweig) built.
  • 1551 - Population: 16,192.
  • 1567 - Haus zur Hanse built.
  • 1573 - Veltheimsches Haus built on the Burgplatz (Braunschweig).[3]
  • 1627 - Hofbrauhaus Wolters (brewery) established.
  • 1643 - Ehemaliges Rüninger Zollhaus (customs house) built.[3]
  • 1663 - Trial and execution of Anna Roleffes.
  • 1671 - Siege of Braunschweig by Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  • 1690 - Opernhaus am Hagenmarkt (opera house and theatre) opens.[3]
  • 1745
    • Collegium Carolinum founded.[1]
    • Braunschweigische Anzeigen newspaper in publication.
  • 1753 - Brunswick Palace established as the new ducal residence.[7]
  • 1754 - Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum and Naturhistorisches Museum open.
  • 1761 - First Battle of Ölper
  • 1769 - Schloss Richmond (castle) built.
  • 1772 - 13 March: Premiere of Lessing's play Emilia Galotti.
  • 1773 - Population: 23,385.
  • 1790s - Braunschweig fortifications dismantled (approximate date).[1]
  • 1791 - Lange Brücke (Braunschweig) (bridge) rebuilt.
  • 1799 - Friedrich Vieweg (publisher) moves to Braunschweig.

19th century
  • 1806 - French in power; Braunschweig French period begins.
  • 1807 - Wilhelm Albrecht Christian von Mahrenholtz becomes mayor.
  • 1809 - 1 August: Second Battle of Ölper
  • 1815 - Duchy of Brunswick established
  • 1823 - Obelisk erected in the Löwenwall.
  • 1829 - 19 January: Premiere of Goethe's play Faust, Part One.
  • 1830
    • 7 September: Civil unrest.[3]
    • 7–8 September: Brunswick Palace stormed by an angry mob and destroyed completely.[10]
  • 1835 - Grotrian-Steinweg established.
  • 1838 - Westermann Verlag (publisher) in business.
  • 1838 - 1 December: First section of the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line, connecting Braunschweig and Wolfenbüttel, opens.[11][12]
  • 1843–44 - Hanover–Brunswick railway opens.
  • 1844 - Rabbinical Conference of Brunswick
  • 1847 - MTV Braunschweig established.
  • 1848–49 - German revolution of 1848–49 in Braunschweig
  • 1849 - Voigtländer sets up its office in Braunschweig.
  • 1853 - Braunschweigische Bank active.[13]
  • 1856 - Westermanns Monatshefte (magazine) headquartered in Braunschweig.
  • 1860 - Braunschweig City Archive established.[14]
  • 1861
    • Staatstheater Braunschweig (theatre) opens.
    • Stadtbibliothek Braunschweig (library) and Städtisches Museum (Braunschweig) founded.
  • 1863 - Braunschweiger Quadriga sculpture erected atop the palace.
  • 1871
    • Braunschweiger Volksfreund newspaper in publication.
    • Feldschlößchen (Braunschweig) brewery in business.
    • Population: 57,883.[15]
  • 1872 - Brunswick–Magdeburg railway begins operating.
  • 1874 - Konrad Koch introduces football to Germany.[16]
  • 1875 - 23 September: Neue Synagoge (Braunschweig) opens.
  • 1879 - Trams in Braunschweig begin operating.
  • 1880 - Population: 75,038.[17]
  • 1885 - Population: 85,174.[18]
  • 1887 - Hauptfriedhof Braunschweig (cemetery) established.
  • 1890 - Population: 101,047.[19]
  • 1891 - Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum founded.
  • 1894–1900 - New Braunschweiger Rathaus (city hall) built.
  • 1895
    • Eintracht Braunschweig football club and Jüdischer Friedhof (Braunschweig) (cemetery) established.
    • Wilhelm Scholz bookseller in business.
    • Population: 115,138.[20]

20th century

1900–1945

1946–1999

21st century
  • 2001 - Happy Rizzi House built in the Ackerhof.
  • 2006 - 6 December: Synagoge (Braunschweig) opens.
  • 2007 - 6 May: Rebuilt Brunswick Palace opens.
  • 2010 - RegioStadtBahn Braunschweig light rail project cancelled.
  • 2013 - Population: 247,227.
  • 2014 - Ulrich Markurth becomes mayor.

Images
  • Braunschweig on the Ebstorf Map, circa 1300
  • City Hall and fountain, installed 1408 (photo circa 1865)
  • Braunschweig in 1492
  • Braunschweig in the 16th century, from the Civitates orbis terrarum by Georg Braun and Frans Hogenberg.
  • Braunschweig in 1550.
  • Braunschweig in 1610.
  • Programme for premiere of Goethe's Faust, 1829
  • Brunswick Palace set on fire, 7 September 1830
  • Altstadtmarkt in 1834, by Domenico Quaglio the Younger.
  • Fair in 1840.
  • Kohlmarkt in 1894.
  • Braunschweig around 1900.
  • Braunschweig on the night of 15 October 1944
  • Braunschweig in 2011.

See also

Other cities in the state of Lower Saxony:(de)

References
  1. Britannica 1910.
  2. Overall 1870.
  3. "Stadtgeschichte: Stadtchronik Braunschweig" [City History: Chronology of Braunschweig] (in German). Stadt Braunschweig. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  4. Moderhack, Richard (1997). Braunschweiger Stadtgeschichte (in German). Braunschweig: Wagner. pp. 50–52. ISBN 3-87884-050-0.
  5. Søndergaard, Leif. "Carnival is Festival: Dances as Entertainment". Retrieved 8 October 2012.
  6. Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
  7. Baedeker 1910.
  8. Moderhack 1997, pp. 60–69
  9. Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
  10. Gerhard Schildt: Von der Restauration zur Reichsgründungszeit, in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 753–766
  11. E. Oppermann (1911): Landeskunde des Herzogtums Braunschweig. Geschichte und Geographie. Braunschweig: E. Appelhans, p. 64.
  12. Neubauer, Jürgen / Salewsky, Dieter (1988): 150 Jahre 1. Deutsche Staatseisenbahn Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Braunschweig: Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag. ISBN 3-926701-05-6.
  13. "Germany". International Banking Directory. New York: Bankers Publishing Company. 1922.
  14. "Stadtarchiv: Geschichte des Archivs" (in German). Stadt Braunschweig. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  15. "Germany: States of Germany: Brunswick". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1873.
  16. Ciarán Fahey (19 June 2014). "Fußball: The History of a German Obsession". Societäts-Medien. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  17. "Germany: States of Germany: Brunswick". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1883.
  18. "German Empire: States of Germany: Brunswick". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1890.
  19. "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1894.
  20. "German Empire". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899 – via HathiTrust.
  21. Henning Steinführer, Gerd Biegel (eds.): 1913 – Braunschweig zwischen Monarchie und Moderne. Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2015, ISBN 978-3-944939-12-4.
  22. Moderhack 1997, pp. 193–194
  23. Rother 1990, pp. 27–30
  24. Rother 1990, pp. 67–72
  25. Hans-Ulrich Ludewig (2000): Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Revolution (1914–1918/19), in: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 935–943
  26. "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921.
  27. Rother 1990, p. 244
  28. "Braunschweiger Schloss / SS-Junkerschule". Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  29. "Akademie für Jugendführung". Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
  30. "Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen". Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  31. Braunschweig-Weststadt - größtes Wohnbauprojekt in unserer Region (in German). Retrieved on 3 September 2017.
  32. "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 November 2014.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

in German

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