Timeline of Armenian history

This is a timeline of Armenian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Armenia and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Armenia. See also the list of Armenian kings.

Millennia: 3rd BC · 2nd BC–1st BC · 1st–2nd · 3rd

Centuries: 24th BC · 23rd BC · 22nd BC · 21st BC

24th century BC

Year	Date	Event
2400 BC		The Book of Genesis identifies the land of Ararat as the resting place of Noah's Ark after the "great deluge" described there. The Indo-Europeans were people who presumably spread from the Caucasus, settling on lands along the way. Armenian is one of the Indo-European language branches.

23rd century BC

Year	Date	Event
2300 BC		The legendary figure Hayk creates the Armenian nation in the Ararat region. (Akkadians mention Armani in 2300 BC)

22nd century BC

21st century BC

Centuries: 20th BC · 19th BC · 18th BC · 17th BC · 16th BC · 15th BC · 14th BC · 13th BC · 12th BC · 11th BC · 10th BC · 9th BC · 8th BC · 7th BC · 6th BC · 5th BC · 4th BC · 3rd BC · 2nd BC · 1st BC

20th century BC

Year	Date	Event
2000 BC		Trialeti culture

19th century BC

18th century BC

17th century BC

Year	Date	Event
1700 BC		Aram, Armenian patriarch mentioned in the History of Armenia (Moses of Chorene) (dated 5th century AD) See also: Mitanni

16th century BC

15th century BC

Year	Date	Event
1450 BC		Artatama I (Thutmose III of Egypt, mentions the people of Ermenen in 1446 BC)

14th century BC

Year	Date	Event
1400		Artashumara
1384		Artatama II

13th century BC

12th century BC

Year	Date	Event
1200 BC		Nairi, a confederation of tribes in the Armenian Highlands, roughly corresponding to the modern Van and Hakkâri provinces of modern Turkey.

11th century BC

10th century BC

9th century BC

Year	Date	Event
860 BC		Foundation of the Kingdom of Urartu with Aramé.
834 BC		Reign of Sarduri I who constructs Tushpa (Van). (to 828 BC)
810 BC		Reign of Menuas who conquers the Araratian fields. (to 785 BC)

8th century BC

Year	Date	Event
785 BC		Reign of Argishtis I.
782 BC		Construction of the fortress of Erebuni (modern Yerevan).

7th century BC

6th century BC

Year	Date	Event
585 BC		Conquest of Urartu by the Medes.
570 BC		Reign of Orontes I Sakavakyats.
512 BC		Armenia is annexed to Persia by Darius I. Urartu is officially called Armenia for the first time in the Behistun inscription.

5th century BC

Year	Date	Event
401 BC		Orontes I (Yervand I).

4th century BC

Year	Date	Event
331 BC		Alexander the Great attacks Persia and defeats Darius III, but never conquers Armenia. As a result, Armenia regains its independence from Persia.

3rd century BC

2nd century BC

Year	Date	Event
190 BC		Artaxias I reclaims the sovereignty of Armenia from the Seleucids by establishing the Artaxiad Dynasty with Artaxata as the capital.

1st century BC

Year	Date	Event
95 BC		Accession of power by Tigranes the Great.
93 BC		Invasion of Cappadocia
88 BC		Conquest of Atropatene, Gordyene, and Osrhoene
83 BC		Conquest of Syria, Phoenicia, and Cilicia
69 BC		Tigranes' army is defeated at the Battle of Tigranocerta against Lucullus' Roman army.
68 BC		Lucullus is beaten off from Artaxata.
67 BC		Lucullus is recalled to Rome.
66 BC		Pompey invades Armenia, but returns to Roman land after being offered a generous sum of money by Tigranes.
55 BC		Death of Tigranes the Great. Artavasdes II continues to rule Armenia.
55 BC		Reign of Artavasdes. (to 34 BC)

Centuries: 1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th · 7th · 8th · 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th · 14th · 15th · 16th · 17th · 18th · 19th · 20th

1st century

Year	Date	Event
1		End of the Artaxiad Dynasty in Armenia. Arsacid dynasty of Parthia (Iran) incorporates Armenia.
53		Tiridates I reaffirms Armenian independence by founding the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia
58		Roman general Corbulo invades Armenia with the assistance of the Iberians and Commagenians.
66		Tiridates is crowned in Rome by Nero, after he and Corbulo came to an agreement.
72		War against the Alans

2nd century

3rd century

Year	Date	Event
228		Tiridates II repels Sassanid invasion.
287		Beginning of the reign of Tiridates III.

4th century

Year	Date	Event
301		Armenia becomes the first official Christian state in the world, King Tiridates III proclaims Christianity as the official state religion of Armenia. Zoroastrianism starts to decline gradually.
330		End of Tiridates III's reign.
387		Division of Armenia into Western and Eastern parts per the Peace of Acisilene between the Sassanid Persians and Byzantines.
392		Armenia regains its might by the coronation of King Vramshapuh in 392.

5th century

Year	Date	Event
405		Mesrop Mashtots invents the Armenian alphabet.
428		End of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia. Marzpanate Armenia era as part of the Sassanid empire begins.
451		The Battle of Avarayr, led by Vartan Mamikonian, secures the Christian religion in Armenia.

6th century

7th century

Year	Date	Event
639		The first Arab invasion under the leadership of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Rabiah devastates the region of Taron.
642		Arabs storm the city of Dvin killing 12,000 its inhabitants and taking 35,000 into slavery.
645		Theodorus Rshtuni and other Armenian nakharars accepted Muslim rule over Armenia.
650		Armenia becomes the main battleground of the Khazar–Arab Wars & Byzantine–Arab Wars which leaves the lands depopulated. (to 750)

8th century

790- The Principality of Hamamshen is established in the modern day area of eastern Rize Province, Turkey.

9th century

Year	Date	Event
861		Ashot I Bagratuni is recognized as prince of princes by the Baghdad court, followed by a war against local Muslim emirs. (to 862)
885		Ashot wins and is thus recognized King of the Armenians by Baghdad in 885.
886		Formal recognition of Armenian sovereignty by Constantinople.
891		King Ashot I dies and is succeeded by his son Smbat I, in 892.

10th century

Year	Date	Event
961		King Ashot III (953–977) transfers the capital from Kars to Ani, which came to be considered the "City of a 1001 Churches" which rivaled other metropolises like Baghdad and Constantinople.

11th century

Year	Date	Event
1016		Seljuk Turks first appear in the region.
1045		Armenia falls to Byzantine troops, and an exodus from the Armenian lands begins.
1064		Byzantine Ani, once the capital of Bagratid Armenia, is conquered and destroyed by the Seljuk Turks.
1071		After the Battle of Manzikert, Seljuk dominance is established over Anatolia and a large number of Turkish tribes migrate to the region.
1072		The Seljuks sell Ani to the Shaddadid, a Kurdish tribe ruling a territory coinciding with modern-day Armenia.
1078		Establishment of the Armenian Principality of Cilicia, led by the Rubenid Dynasty.
1095		The First Crusade is launched by Pope Urban I.

12th century

Year	Date	Event
1187		Debut of Leon II's reign as prince.
1194		After the decline of the Seljuk dominance in the region, Eastern Anatolia is ruled by a slew of Turkish emirates and tribes, such as the Ahlatshahs, Mengujekids, Saltukids and the Artuqids. (to 1241)
1198		Leon II "the Magnificent" managed to secure his crown, becoming the first King of Armenian Cilicia.

13th century

Year	Date	Event
1219		Death of Leon II.
1241		Mongol Invasion of Anatolia, much of the sedentary population of Armenia is slaughtered. (to 1244)
1256		Turco-Mongol rule continues in Eastern Anatolia under the Ilkhanate rulers and their Turkish and Kurdish vassals. (to 1335)

14th century

Year	Date	Event
1335		The decline of Mongol power leads Armenia to be dominated once again by Anatolian Turkoman tribes such as the Chobanids. (to 1400)
1375		Fall of the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia to the Mameluks of Egypt and their Ramadanid vassals.
1400		Tamerlane's devastating invasion of Georgia, Armenia and Central Anatolia leads to the slaughter of large portions of the population of Armenia and the enslavement of over 60,000 people from Anatolia and the Caucasus.

15th century

Year	Date	Event
1405		After Tamerlane's death, Anatolia becomes a battleground between the rival tribal confederations of the Ak Koyunlu and the Kara Koyunlu.
1461		Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople established by the then Ottoman Emperor, Mehmed II.
1478		Armenian migration to Bruges, Belgium.

16th century

Year	Date	Event
1502		The Safavid Dynasty is established in Persia, that conquers Armenia.
1512		Printing of first Armenian books.
1514		The Ottoman-Persian Wars rage in the Armenian Highlands for the first time, the Ottomans temporarily gain Western Armenia.
1519		Decree of King Sigismund I that Armenians in Poland by governed under code of laws by Mkhitar Gosh.
1519		The first Jelali revolts; clashes between Sunnite Turks and Kurds and Shi'ite Qizilbash cause friction in Eastern Anatolia. (to 1528)
1520		Large portions of Armenia are conquered by Selim I.
1532		Ottoman-Safavid War (1532-1555) commences.
1555		Peace of Amasya signed between the Ottomans and Safavids. Western Armenia falls in Ottoman hands, Eastern Armenia stays under Persian rule.
1567		Establishment of Armenian printing press in Constantinople.
1598		Continuation of the devastating Jelali revolts in Anatolia. (to 1611)

17th century

Year	Date	Event
1603		Shah Abbas of Persia invades Ottoman Armenia (to 1618) and reestablishes full control over Eastern Armenia and large parts of Western Armenia as part of his empire.
1605		When forced to abandon the siege of Kars, Shah Abbas orders the complete destruction of many Armenian towns and villages and deports over 300,000 Armenians to Persia, of which only half survive.
1623		The final Ottoman-Safavid War rages in both parts of historic Armenia.
1639		Treaty of Zuhab signed between the Ottomans and Safavids. Western Armenia falls decisively under Ottoman rule. Safavids remain in possession of Eastern Armenia.
1648		Major earthquake in Van.

18th century

Year	Date	Event
1712		Sayat Nova, renowned Armenian poet troubadour.
1722		David Bek leads the national liberation movement in 1722, but passes away in 1728.
1747		The Persians establish the Karabakh Khanate.
1759		Arrival of Hovsep Emin in Armenia
1778		Establishment of Nor Nakhichevan

19th century

Year	Date	Event
1809	15 October	Khachatur Abovian, renowned novelist, poet, and playwright, is born.
1810		Zeitountsi revolts.
1811		Mkhitarist order of Vienna founded.
1813		Treaty of Gulistan. All of Eastern Armenia remains under Persian rule, except for the Armenians in Karabakh, which had already de facto become part of the Russian Empire.
1824		Founding of Nersessian Academy in Tiflis
1826		Nickolas Balian, architect in Constantinople (to 1858)
1827		Occupation of Yerevan by Russian forces
1828		Treaty of Turkmanchay. Eastern Armenia is forcefully ceded by Persia to Russia per the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828), strengthening Russian control of Transcaucasus.
1836		The Russian government enacts the Polozhenie, a statute greatly restricting the power of the Armenian Church.[1]
1894–1896		Hamidian Massacres; an estimated 80,000–300,000 are killed.

20th century

Year	Date	Event
1909		Adana Massacre: An estimated 15,000–30,000 are killed.
1915		Armenian Genocide: An estimated 1,500,000 are killed. (to 1923)
1918	3 March	The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk gives Kars, Ardahan and Batum regions to the Ottoman Empire.
	22 May	Battle of Sardarapat
	28 May	The Armenian Congress of Eastern Armenians declares the first Republic of Armenia.
	4 June	Treaty of Batum
	30 October	Armistice of Mudros, the Ottoman Empire agreeing to leave the Transcaucasus. The Democratic Republic of Armenia assumes control of Western Armenia, now that the Ottomans are forced to leave.
1920	2 December	Soviet-aligned Armenian SSR established (distinct from and opponent of the first Republic of Armenia).
1920	6 December	Fall of the first Republic of Armenia, fully occupied by the Turkish National Movement and the Red Army (Soviet Union).[2]

Soviet rule

Year	Date	Event
1923	30 December	Establishment of the Soviet Union; Armenian SSR joins the Soviet Union.
1923	7 July	Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast is created granting Armenian autonomy for Nagorno-Karabakh within Azerbaijan SSR.
1965	24 April	1965 Yerevan demonstrations
1988	20 February	Nagorno-Karabakh War commences.

Independence; last decade of the 20th century

Year	Date	Event
1991	21 September	Armenian independence referendum
1991	17 October	First-ever Armenian presidential election, Levon Ter-Petrosyan elected President with overwhelming popular support.
1992	9 May	Capture of Shusha
1994	12 May	Nagorno-Karabakh War formally ends
1995	5 July	Armenian constitutional referendum
1999	27 October	Armenian parliament shooting

21st century

Year	Date	Event
2001	25 January	Armenia's accession to the Council of Europe
2004	12 April	Robert Kocharyan's government dispersed massive, peaceful protest using excessive force.[3]
2008	19 February	Armenian presidential election, 2008
2012	6 May	Armenian parliamentary election, 2012
2013	18 February	Armenian presidential election, 2013
2015	2 January	Armenia's accession to the Eurasian Union
2015	12 January	2015 Gyumri massacre
2017	2 April	Armenian parliamentary election, 2017
2018	2 March	Armenian presidential election, 2018
	8 May	2018 Armenian Velvet Revolution
	9 December	Armenian parliamentary election, 2018

References

Suny, Ronald Grigor; "Eastern Armenians under Tsarist Rule" in Armenian People, p. 115
"armenicum". www.conflicts.rem33.com. Archived from the original on 2017-09-14. Retrieved 2018-05-26. Two days later, on December 4, Dro left Erevan for the lake Sevan area where he welcomed the Revkom and, in turn, gave up his power to the new Bolshevik administration. Two more days later, the first units of the red Army entered the Armenian capital. That was the end of the First republic, and independent Armenian statehood was interrupted for more than 70 years until August 1991. (Hovannisian, pp. 386-390)
"Armenia Events of 2004". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 10 April 2013.

History of Armenia
Coat of Arms of Armenia
Origins Name People Language
Prehistory Stone and Copper Age Shulaveri-Shomu culture c. 6500–3400 BCE Areni-1 Cave Complex Kura–Araxes culture c. 3400–2000 BCE Legend of Hayk (?) 2492 BCE Bronze and Iron Age Trialeti-Vanadzor c. 2200–1600 BCE Hayasa-Azzi c. 1500–1290 BCE Arme-Shupria c. 1300–1190 BCE Ararat/Urartu Diauehi c. 1100-760 BCE Mushki Nairi Tribes 1114–860 BCE Kingdom of Van 860–590 BCE Scythian and Mede invasions 6^th cen. BCE
Antiquity Achaemenid period Satrapy of Armina 549–331 BCE Orontid Dynasty Kingdom of Armenia Armenia Minor 331–72 BCE Kingdom of Armenia 321 BCE–428 CE Artaxiad dynasty 189 BCE–12 CE Empire 84–34 BCE Arsacid dynasty 52–428 CE Roman–Parthian War 58–63 CE Roman Province of Armenia 114–118 CE Christianization 301 CE Kingdom of Sophene c.200–94 BCE Kingdom of Commagene 163 BCE–72 CE Marzpanate period Byzantine Armenia 387–536 Persian Armenia 428–646 Mamikonian dynasty Battle of Avarayr 451 Muslim conquest of Armenia 645
Middle Ages Arabic period Emirate of Armenia 653–884 Hamamshen 700s–1300s Amatuni Dynasty Kingdom of Armenia Bagratid Armenia 884–1045 Bagratid dynasty 861–1118 Sajid dynasty 889–929 Kingdom of Vaspurakan 908–1021 Artsruni dynasty Sallarid dynasty 919–1062 Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget 979–1118 Kingdom of Syunik 987–1170 Kingdom of Artsakh 1000–1261 House of Hasan-Jalalyan Battle of Manzikert 1071 Cilician and Turko-Mongol Period Seljuk Empire 1071–1201 Kingdom of Georgia Zakarid Armenia 1201–1360 Principality of Khachen 1261–15^th cen. Mongol Empire & Ilkhanate Mongol Armenia 1236–1335 Turkomania 14^th—15^th cen. Timurid Empire 15^th cen. Kingdom of Cilicia 1198–1375 Rubenid dynasty 1000–1261 Hethumid dynasty 1226–1373 Lusignan dynasty 1341–1375
Early modern age Perso-Ottoman period Iranian Armenia 1502–1828 Five Melikdoms 15^th cen.—1822 Shah Abbas I's deportation 1606 Russo-Persian War 1804–13 Treaty of Gulistan 1813 Russo-Persian War 1826–1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay 1828 Ottoman Empire 1548–1915 Armenian millet Russo-Turkish War 1877–1878 Armenian Question Six Vilayets 1878 Hamidian massacres 1895–1896 Adana massacre 1909 Armenian Genocide 1909–1918 Confiscation of Armenian properties Russian period Russian rule 1828–1918 Armenian Oblast 1828–1840 Western Armenia 1915–1918 Caucasus Campaign 1914–1918 National Liberation Movement Armenakan 1885 S.D. Hunchakian Party 1887 ARF (Dashnaktsutyun) 1890
Modern age Independence First Republic of Armenia 1918–1920 War with Azerbaijan 1918–1920 War with Georgia 1918 Treaty of Sèvres 1920 Wilsonian Armenia 1920 War with Turkey 1920 Treaty of Alexandropol 1920 Soviet period Armenian S.S.R. 1920–1991 February Uprising 1921 Republic of Mountainous Armenia 1921 Treaty of Moscow 1921 Treaty of Kars 1921 Soviet Claims in Turkey 1945–1953 Nagorno-Karabakh A.O. 1923–1991 Diaspora Armenian diaspora Hidden Armenians Repatriation Contemporary Armenia Republic of Armenia since 1991 Post-Soviet transition 1991–1995 Modern era since 1995 Republic of Artsakh since 1994 Nagorno-Karabakh War 1989–1994
Timeline