Television in Finland

Television was introduced in Finland in 1955. Color television started in 1969. Prior to 1986, Yle monopolized Finnish television. All terrestrial analogue stations stopped broadcasting on 1 September 2007 after the introduction of digital television; cable providers were allowed to continue analog broadcasting in their networks until 1 March 2008.

Typically, foreign-language content is subtitled, retaining the original language soundtrack. This includes interview responses in news or magazine programmes not given in the main language of that programme. Foreign programming intended for children is, however, usually dubbed into one of the national languages. Regardless of the intended audience or original language, many shows receive a Finnish and/or Swedish title which is used in programme schedules.

In 2016 it was said that 47% of people watch via terrestrial antenna, 43% via cable, 11% via IPTV and 4% via satellite.[1]

Digital terrestrial
Main article: Digital terrestrial television in Finland

Digital terrestrial television was launched on 21 August 2001. The analogue networks continued its broadcasts alongside the digital ones until 1 September 2007, when they were shut down nationwide.

Before the analogue switchoff, the terrestrial network had three multiplexes: MUX A, MUX B and MUX C. MUX A contained the channels of the public broadcaster Yleisradio and MUX B was shared between the two commercial broadcasters: MTV3 and Nelonen. MUX C contained channels of various other broadcasters. After the analogue closedown, a fourth multiplex named MUX E was launched.

In addition the free-to-air broadcasts, two companies are providing encryption cards for pay television: Canal Digital and PlusTV. Canal Digital was the first to launch, originally only offering four Canal+ channels (the Disney Channel was added later on). PlusTV was launched in November 2006, originally only broadcasting MTV3 Max and Subtv Juniori (later on adding Subtv Leffa and Urheilu+kanava). Both packages got more channels with the launch of MUX E in September 2007: SVT Europa and MTV3 Fakta was added to PlusTV and KinoTV was added to Canal Digital, while Discovery Channel, Eurosport, MTV Finland and Nickelodeon were added to both packages.

September 2007 also saw the launch of the SveaTV package in Ostrobothnia which broadcasts channels from Sweden.

The digital channel YLE Extra was closed on 31 December 2007 and was replaced by YLE TV1+, a simulcast of TV1 with subtitles included in the video stream. TV1+ was closed on 4 August 2008 due to its low viewing share.[2]

Finland has started DVB-T2 switchover that will be finished on 31.3.2020.

Cable

Analogue cable television were switched off in Finland on 1 March 2008, but digital cable television is widespread all over the country and its infrastructure used for cable internet services.

The major cable operators are DNA, Welho and TTV, operating in Turku, Helsinki and Tampere areas. All pay television uses digital broadcasts, DVB-C set-top boxes have been available since 2001.

Satellite

Digital satellite television started in Nordic countries, and also in Finland, by Multichoice Nordic pay-TV platform during 1996. The first set-top boxes available were manufactured by Nokia and Pace. After that the service merged with Canal Digital in late 1997. Competing pay television Viasat and Yle's channel TV Finland started digital broadcasts in 1999.

Canal Digital launched some HDTV channels, like Discovery HD, on their digital paytv-package during 2006. Pan-European HDTV-channel Euro1080 HD1 is available also in Finland.

List of channels

All Yle channels are broadcast free-to-air and so are a few commercial ones including MTV3, Nelonen, Sub, Jim, TV5, FOX and Kutonen. Yle channels are state owned and are funded by a ring fenced so-called "Yle tax".

Most of the channels are the same throughout mainland Finland. In Ostrobothnia and the Åland islands there is an extra multiplex available which provides encrypted channels from Sweden, along with respective local stations,[3] and of course due to overlapping signals, Russian, Swedish, Norwegian and Estonian stations are able to be seen near the border areas and vice versa.

DVB-T Channels
No.Channel NameFree-to-airDescription
1.Yle TV1Yesdocumentaries, news, politics, satire, series, films
2.Yle TV2Yessports, entertainment, series, films, children's programming
3.MTV3Yesfilms, series, sports, news
4.NelonenYesfilms, series, sports, news
5.Yle Teema & FemYesculture, sciences and learning. Also programming by the Swedish department of Yle
6.SubYesimported series, films, reality, sports
7.TV5Yesentertainment, films, series, documentaries
8.LivYeswomen's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, series, documentaries
9.JimYesmen's programmes, reality, documentaries, sports
10.KutonenYesmen's programmes, music, films, series, documentaries
11.TLCYeswomen's programmes, lifestyle
12.FOXYesseries, films, documentaries
13.AVAYeswomen's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, series, documentaries
14.HeroYesimported series and films
15.AlfaTVYesprogrammes for minorities, religious programmes
16.FriiYeswomen's programmes, lifestyle programmes, films, documentaries
17.Harju & PöntinenYesSchlager music
18.Livechat.fiYesadult entertainment
19.INEZYesprogrammes for young adults, content created by social media influencers
20.National GeographicYesnature, history, documentaries
26.MTYesharness racing
28.1HD Music TelevisionYesmusic videos
38.EstradiYesshort-term broadcasts

DVB-T2 channels
No.Channel NameFree-to-airDescriptionHDFrequency
21.Yle TV1 HDYesHigh-definition simulcast of Yle TV1YesVHF
22.Yle TV2 HDYesHigh-definition simulcast of Yle TV2YesVHF
23.MTV3 HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of MTV3YesVHF
24.Nelonen HDYesHigh-definition simulcast of NelonenYesUHF
25.Yle Teema & Fem HDYesHigh-definition simulcast of Yle Teema & FemYesVHF
27.TV5 HDYesHigh-definition simulcast of TV5YesVHF
39.Estradi 2020YesHigh-definition simulcast of EstradiYesUHF
40.C More MaxNosports, outdoors, documentaries, programming for menNoUHF
41.Eurosport 1 HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of EurosportYesVHF
42.Eurosport 2 HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of Eurosport 2YesVHF
43.C More JunioriNochildren's programmingNoUHF
44.Discovery ChannelNodocumentaries, scienceNoUHF
45.Eurosport 1NosportsNoUHF
46.Paramount NetworkNoentertainment, filmsNoUHF
52.Disney ChannelNochildren's programmingNoUHF
53.C More FirstNofilmsNoUHF
54.C More SeriesNoseries, filmsNoUHF
55.C More Sport 1NosportsNoUHF
58.Nick Jr.Nochildren's programmingNoUHF
62.Viasat JalkapalloNoassociation footballNoUHF
62.Viasat JääkiekkoNoice hockeyNoUHF
64.Viasat SportNosportsNoUHF
65.Viasat HockeyNoice hockeyNoUHF
66.Viasat UrheiluNosportsNoUHF
67.Viasat GolfNogolfNoUHF
68.Blue HustlerNoadult entertainmentNoUHF
69.HustlerNoadult entertainmentNoUHF
80.Investigation DiscoveryNodocumentaries, scienceNoUHF
83.Eurosport 2NosportsNoUHF
84.Nat Geo WildNonature, history, documentariesNoUHF
85.Animal PlanetNonature, documentariesNoUHF
89.Disney JuniorNochildren's programmingNoUHF
90.Disney XDNochildren's programmingNoUHF
92.C More Max HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of MTV MaxYesVHF
94.C More HitsNofilmsNoUHF
95.C More First HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of C More FirstYesVHF
96.C More Sport 1 HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of MTV Sport 1YesVHF
97.C More Sport 2NosportsNoUHF
98.C More Sport 2 HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of MTV Sport 2YesVHF
111.Viasat NHL Xtra 1NoBroadcasts from the NHLNoUHF
112.Viasat NHL Xtra 2NoBroadcasts from the NHLNoUHF
113.Viasat NHL Xtra 3NoBroadcasts from the NHLNoUHF
114.Viasat NHL Xtra 4NoBroadcasts from the NHLNoUHF
115.Viasat NHL Xtra 5NoBroadcasts from the NHLNoUHF
116.Viasat NHL Xtra 6NoBroadcasts from the NHLNoUHF
117.Viasat NHL Xtra 7NoBroadcasts from the NHLNoUHF
118.Viasat NHL Xtra 8NoBroadcasts from the NHLNoUHF
119.Viasat Hockey HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of Viasat HockeyYesVHF
120.Viasat Jääkiekko HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of Viasat JääkiekkoYesVHF
121.Viasat Urheilu HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of Viasat UrheiluYesVHF
122.Viasat Jalkapallo HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of Viasat JalkapalloYesVHF
123.Viasat Golf HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of Viasat GolfYesVHF
124.Viasat Film Action HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of Viasat Film ActionYesVHF
125.Viasat Film PremiereNofilmsNoUHF
126.Viasat HistoryNohistoryNoUHF
127.Viasat Film Premiere HDNoHigh-definition simulcast of Viasat Film PremiereYesVHF

Viewing shares
Channels 1988
[4]		 1990
[4]		 1994
[5]		 1996
[6][7]		 1998
[7][8]		 2000
[7][9]		 2002
[7][10]		 2004
[7][11]		 2005
[7][11]		 2006
[12]		 2007
[13]		 2008
[14]		 2009
[15]		 2010
[16]		 2011
[17]		 2012
[18]		 2013
[19]		 2014
[20]		 2015
[21]		 2016
[22]		 2017
[23]
Yle TV1 34 33 25 26.7 25 22.6 23.6 24.6 24.5 23.8 23.8 24.1 21.9 22.2 23.3 24.8 26.0 25.8 27.9 28.1 28.9
Yle TV2 23 21 19 21.5 21 19.7 21.8 20.3 19.1 20.0 17.4 16.8 17.7 18.9 16.9 13.2 11.9 13.8 11.0 12.4 11.3
MTV3 46 44.6 42.2 40.4 37.0 34.7 32.6 29.0 25.7 22.9 22.8 21.6 21.8 20.0 19.0 17.3 17.8 16.3 16.6
Nelonen[nb 1] 2.7 7 11.5 11.6 12.4 11.5 11.9 10.2 10.0 9.9 9.3 9.2 9.0 8.8 8.2 8.0 9.6 9.6
Yle Fem[nb 2] 2 2 0.2 0.7 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.1
Yle Teema 0.6 1.3 2.2 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.0
Sub[nb 3] 0.5 1.2 2.5 4.2 4.6 6.0 6.0 6.7 6.5 6.1 5.7 5.1 5.0 4.2 3.4 3.0
TV5[nb 4] 2.6 3.3 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.1 2.4
Liv 0.7 1.9 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.8
Jim[nb 5] 0.1 1.2 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.2 2.9 2.6
Kutonen[nb 4] 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.5 2.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.7
TLC 0.1 0.7
FOX[nb 6] 0.7 0.5 2.2 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.0 2.7
AVA[nb 7] 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.1 1.8
Hero 0.1 0.8 1.0 1.3
Frii 0.9 1.4 1.5
National Geographic 0.3 0.3 2.1
C More Total Pay TV 0.2 1.3 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.0 3.5 3.7 3.6 2.9 2.4 1.9
Discovery Channel 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3
Music TV 1 1 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4
Nelonen Pay TV 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5
Nelonen Sport[nb 8] 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.6
Yle Extra[nb 9] 0.7 0.8

Notes
  1. January 1990 - May 1997 PTV4
  2. 1988 - August 2006 YLE FST. FST's output was included in the programming of YLE's two main television channels, YLE TV1 and YLE TV2. August 2001 - March 2012 YLE FST5
  3. February 2000 - August 2001 TVTV!. August 2001 - January 2008 Subtv
  4. The Voice and TV5 operated in same channel from September 2008 to April 2011. March 2004 - August 2012 The Voice
  5. February 2002 - February 2007 Nelonen Plus
  6. December 2009 - April 2012 SuomiTV.
  7. March 2008 - January 2011 MTV3 AVA.
  8. August 2001 - February 2010 Urheilukanava.
  9. August 2001 - April 2007 YLE24.

See also
  • Media of Finland

References
  1. https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-9524771
  2. "Ylen TV1+ - palvelu päättyy elokuussa" [Yle's TV1+ - service ends in August] (in Finnish). Digita Oy. 2008-07-11. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  3. "SveaTV-kanalplatser". VLT. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
  4. "Television:Television: channel shares 1999 - 2009 (Excel)". Tilastokeskus. 15 December 2010. Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2011. columns: B, C, D, E
  5. "Television: Television: channel shares 1994 - 2004 (Excel)". Tilastokeskus. 12 October 2005. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  6. "Alma Media, Aamulehti Group, MTV Group - Annual Report 1997" (PDF). Alma Media, Aamulehti Group, MTV Group. 1998. p. 21. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  7. "Television: Television: channel shares 1995 - 2005 (Excel)". Tilastokeskus. 9 November 2006. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  8. "Alma Media - Annual Report 1998" (PDF). Alma Media. 1999. pp. 20–21. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  9. "Alma Media - Annual Report 2000" (PDF). Alma Media. 2001. p. 29. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  10. "YLE-kertomukset 2002" (in Finnish). Yleisradio. 2003. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  11. "Finnpanel - TV:n katseluosuudet minuuteista" (in Finnish). Archive.org: Finnpanel. 20 January 2006. Archived from the original on 28 May 2006. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  18. "Results From The TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
  19. "Results From The TV Audience Measurement". Finnpanel. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  22. "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". www.finnpanel.fi. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  23. "Finnpanel - TV Audience Measurement". www.finnpanel.fi. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  • Viestinävirasto - Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority
  • Digita - Terrestrial Broadcast Operator
  • DNA - Terrestrial Broadcast Operator
  • Finnpanel - Measures TV viewing and radio listening
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