Tangerine

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word "tangerine" was originally an adjective meaning "Of or pertaining to, or native of Tangier, a seaport in Morocco, on the Strait of Gibraltar" and "a native of Tangier." The OED cites this usage from Addison's The Tatler in 1710 with similar uses from the 1800s. The adjective was applied to the fruit, once known scientifically as "Citrus nobilis var. tangeriana" which grew in the region of Tangiers. This usage appears in the 1800s.[12] In India, it is called Narangi in Hindi (Hindi:नारंगी), Narangi means "Orange color" and hence it refers to the bright orange color of the fruit.

Tangerines were first grown and cultivated as a distinct crop in the Americas by a Major Atway in Palatka, Florida.[13] Atway was said to have imported them from Morocco (more specifically its third-largest city Tangier), which was the origin of the name. Major Atway sold his groves to N. H. Moragne in 1843, giving the Moragne tangerine the other part of its name.[14]

The Moragne tangerine produced a seedling which became one of the oldest and most popular American varieties, the Dancy tangerine (zipper-skin tangerine, kid-glove orange).[14] Genetic analysis has shown the parents of the Dancy to have been two mandarin orange hybrids each with a small pomelo contribution, a Ponkan mandarin orange and a second unidentified mandarin.[5] The Dancy is no longer widely commercially grown; it is too delicate to handle and ship well, it is susceptible to Alternaria fungus, and it bears more heavily in alternate years.[15][16] Dancys are still grown for personal consumption, and many hybrids of the Dancy are grown commercially.

Until the 1970s, the Dancy was the most widely grown tangerine in the US;[17] the popularity of the fruit led to the term "tangerine" being broadly applied as a marketing name. Florida classifies tangerine-like hybrid fruits as tangerines for the purposes of sale and regulation;[8] this classification is widely used but regarded as technically inaccurate in the industry.[9] Among the most important tangerine hybrids of Florida are murcotts, a late-fruiting type of tangor marketed as "honey tangerine"[18] and Sunbursts (an early-fruiting complex tangerine-orange-grapefruit hybrid).[19] The fallglo, also a three-way hybrid (5/8 tangerine, 1/4 orange and 1/8 grapefruit), is also grown.[20]

• 
  A tangerine
• 
  A botanical illustration of a Manurco tangerine, painted by Royal Charles Steadman in January, 1926.
• 
  Tangerine or Narangi fruit during winters in Delhi
• 
  Narangi tree in Mohali
• 
  Narangi fruit

Tangerines, raw

A Murcott, likely a tangerine hybrid
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	223 kJ (53 kcal)
Carbohydrates	13.34 g
Sugars	10.58 g
Dietary fiber	1.8 g
Fat	0.31 g
Protein	0.81 g
Vitamins	Quantity %DV†
Vitamin A equiv. beta-Carotene	4% 34 μg 1% 155 μg
Thiamine (B1)	5% 0.058 mg
Riboflavin (B2)	3% 0.036 mg
Niacin (B3)	3% 0.376 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)	4% 0.216 mg
Vitamin B6	6% 0.078 mg
Folate (B9)	4% 16 μg
Choline	2% 10.2 mg
Vitamin C	32% 26.7 mg
Vitamin E	1% 0.2 mg
Minerals	Quantity %DV†
Calcium	4% 37 mg
Iron	1% 0.15 mg
Magnesium	3% 12 mg
Manganese	2% 0.039 mg
Phosphorus	3% 20 mg
Potassium	4% 166 mg
Sodium	0% 2 mg
Zinc	1% 0.07 mg
Other constituents	Quantity
Water	85.2 g
Link to USDA Database entry
Units μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams IU = International units
†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database

Tangerines contain 85% water, 13% carbohydrates, and negligible amounts of fat and protein (table). Among micronutrients, only vitamin C is in significant content (32% of the Daily Value) in a 100 gram reference serving, with all other nutrients in low amounts.

• Data related to Citrus tangerina at Wikispecies
• Tangerine at Wikibook Cookbooks
• Media related to Tangerines at Wikimedia Commons