Studio Ghibli

Studio Ghibli Inc. (Japanese: 株式会社スタジオジブリ, Hepburn: Kabushiki-gaisha Sutajio Jiburi) is a Japanese animation film studio headquartered in Koganei, Tokyo.[1] The studio is best known for its animated feature films, and has also produced several short films, television commercials, and one television film. It was founded on 15 June 1985 by directors Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata and producer Toshio Suzuki, after the success of Topcraft's anime film Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984). Studio Ghibli has also collaborated with video game studios on the visual development of several video games.[2]

Studio Ghibli Inc.
Native name
株式会社スタジオジブリ
Kabushiki gaisha Sutajio Jiburi
Kabushiki gaisha
IndustryMotion pictures
Video games
TV commercials
PredecessorTopcraft
Founded15 June 1985 (1985-06-15)
in Tokyo, Japan
Founders
Headquarters
Koganei, Tokyo
,
Japan
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Koji Hoshino
(Chairman)
Kiyofumi Nakajima
(President)
Hayao Miyazaki
(Director)
Toshio Suzuki
(Executive director)
ProductsAnimated feature films (anime), television films, commercials, live-action films
¥1.426 billion (2011)
Total assets¥15.77 billion (2011)
Number of employees
150 (2016)
ParentTokuma Shoten (1985–2005)
Independent (2005–present)
Websitewww.ghibli.jp

Six of Studio Ghibli's films are among the 10 highest-grossing anime films made in Japan, with Spirited Away (2001) being the second highest, grossing over US$360 million worldwide. Many of their works have won the Animage Anime Grand Prix award, and four have won the Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year. Five of Studio Ghibli's films have received Academy Award nominations. Spirited Away won the Golden Bear in 2002 and the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Film in 2003. Totoro, a character from My Neighbor Totoro, is the studio's mascot.[3]

On 3 August 2014, Studio Ghibli temporarily halted production following the retirement of Miyazaki. In February 2017, Toshio Suzuki announced that Miyazaki had come out of retirement again to direct a new feature film, How Do You Live?, with Studio Ghibli.

Name

The name Ghibli was given by Hayao Miyazaki from the Italian noun ghibli, based on the Libyan-Arabic name for the hot desert wind of that country, the idea being the studio would "blow a new wind through the anime industry".[4][5] It also refers to an Italian aircraft, the Caproni Ca.309 Ghibli. Although the Italian word is more accurately transliterated as ギブリ (Giburi), the Japanese name of the studio is ジブリ (Jiburi).[4]

History
Three of the four founders of Studio Ghibli. From top to bottom:
Hayao Miyazaki,
Isao Takahata,
Toshio Suzuki

Founded on June 15, 1985, the studio is headed by the directors Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata and the producer Toshio Suzuki. Prior to the formation of the studio, Miyazaki and Takahata had already had long careers in Japanese film and television animation and had worked together on The Great Adventure of Horus, Prince of the Sun in 1968 and the Panda! Go, Panda! films in 1972 and 1973, and in 1978, Suzuki became an editor at Tokuma Shoten's Animage manga magazine, where the first film he chose was Horus. A year after his phone call with Takahata and his first encounter with Miyazaki, both about Horus, he made a phone call about the first film Miyazaki ever directed: The Castle of Cagliostro.

The studio was founded after the success of the 1984 film Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, written and directed by Miyazaki for Topcraft and distributed by Toei Company. The origins of the film lie in the first two volumes of a serialized manga written by Miyazaki for publication in Animage as a way of generating interest in an anime version.[5][6] Suzuki was part of the production team on the film and founded Studio Ghibli with Miyazaki, who also invited Takahata to join the new studio.

The studio has mainly produced films by Miyazaki, with the second most prolific director being Takahata (most notably with Grave of the Fireflies). Other directors who have worked with Studio Ghibli include Yoshifumi Kondō, Hiroyuki Morita, Gorō Miyazaki, and Hiromasa Yonebayashi. Composer Joe Hisaishi has provided the soundtracks for most of Miyazaki's Studio Ghibli films. In their book Anime Classics Zettai!, Brian Camp and Julie Davis made note of Michiyo Yasuda as "a mainstay of Studio Ghibli’s extraordinary design and production team".[7] At one time the studio was based in Kichijōji, Musashino, Tokyo.[8]

In August 1996, The Walt Disney Company and Tokuma Shoten formed a partnership in which Buena Vista Pictures would be the sole international distributor for Tokuma Shoten's Studio Ghibli animated films.[9] Since then, all three aforementioned films by Miyazaki at Studio Ghibli that were previously dubbed by Streamline Pictures have been re-dubbed by Disney.[10] On June 1, 1997, Tokuma Shoten Publishing consolidated its media operations by merging Studio Ghibli, Tokuma Shoten Intermedia software and Tokuma International under one location.[11]

Over the years, there has been a close relationship between Studio Ghibli and the magazine Animage, which regularly runs exclusive articles on the studio and its members in a section titled "Ghibli Notes." Artwork from Ghibli's films and other works are frequently featured on the cover of the magazine. Saeko Himuro's novel Umi ga Kikoeru was serialised in the magazine and subsequently adapted into Ocean Waves, Studio Ghibli's only animated feature-length film created for television and it was directed by Tomomi Mochizuki.[12]

In October 2001, the Ghibli Museum opened in Mitaka, Tokyo.[13] It contains exhibits based on Studio Ghibli films and shows animations, including a number of short Studio Ghibli films not available elsewhere.

The studio is also known for its strict "no-edits" policy in licensing their films abroad due to Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind being heavily edited for the film's release in the United States as Warriors of the Wind. The "no cuts" policy was highlighted when Miramax co-chairman Harvey Weinstein suggested editing Princess Mononoke to make it more marketable. A Studio Ghibli producer is rumoured to have sent an authentic Japanese sword with a simple message: "No cuts".[14]

Between 1999 and 2005, Studio Ghibli was a subsidiary brand of Tokuma Shoten; however, that partnership ended on April 2005, when Studio Ghibli was spun off from Tokuma Shoten and was re-established as an independent company with relocated headquarters.

On February 1, 2008, Toshio Suzuki stepped down from the position of Studio Ghibli president, which he had held since 2005, and Koji Hoshino (former president of Walt Disney Japan) took over. Suzuki said he wanted to improve films with his own hands as a producer, rather than demanding this from his employees. Suzuki decided to hand over the presidency to Hoshino because Hoshino has helped Studio Ghibli to sell its videos since 1996 and has also aided the release of the Princess Mononoke film in the United States.[15] Suzuki still serves on the company's board of directors.

Two Studio Ghibli short films created for the Ghibli Museum were shown at the Carnegie Hall Citywise Japan NYC Festival: "House Hunting" and "Mon Mon the Water Spider" were screened on March 26, 2011.[16]

Takahata developed a project for release after Gorō Miyazaki's (director of Tales from Earthsea and Hayao's son) The Tale of the Princess Kaguya – an adaptation of The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter. The last film Hayao Miyazaki directed before retiring from feature films was The Wind Rises which is about the Mitsubishi A6M Zero and its founder.[17]

On Sunday, September 1, 2013, Hayao Miyazaki held a press conference in Venice to confirm his retirement, saying: "I know I've said I would retire many times in the past. Many of you must think, 'Once again.' But this time I am quite serious."[18]

On January 31, 2014, it was announced that Gorō Miyazaki will direct his first anime television series, Sanzoku no Musume Rōnya, an adaptation of Astrid Lindgren's Ronia the Robber's Daughter for NHK. The series is computer-animated, produced by Polygon Pictures, and co-produced by Studio Ghibli.[19][20]

In March 2014, Toshio Suzuki retired as producer and assumed the new position of general manager. Yoshiaki Nishimura replaced Suzuki in the producer role.[21]

On August 3, 2014, Toshio Suzuki announced that Studio Ghibli would take a "brief pause" to re-evaluate and restructure in the wake of Miyazaki's retirement. He stated some concerns about where the company would go in the future.[22][23][24][25] This led to speculation that Studio Ghibli will never produce another feature film again. On November 7, 2014, Miyazaki stated, "That was not my intention, though. All I did was announce that I would be retiring and not making any more features."[26] Lead producer Yoshiaki Nishimura among several other staffers from Ghibli, such as director Hiromasa Yonebayashi, left to found Studio Ponoc in April 2015, working on the film Mary and the Witch's Flower.

The 2016 animated fantasy film The Red Turtle, directed and co-written by Dutch-British animator Michaël Dudok de Wit in his feature film debut, was a co-production between Studio Ghibli and Wild Bunch.[27]

In February 2017, Toshio Suzuki announced that Hayao Miyazaki has come out of retirement to direct a new feature film with Studio Ghibli.[28]

On November 28, 2017, Koji Hoshino stepped down as President; he was replaced by Kiyofumi Nakajima (former Ghibli Museum director). Hoshino was then appointed as Chairman of Studio Ghibli.[29][30]

In May 2020, Toshio Suzuki confirmed that a new film from Gorō Miyazaki is in development at Studio Ghibli. On June 3, 2020, Studio Ghibli announced that the film would be an adaptation of the novel Earwig and the Witch by Diana Wynne Jones. The film was announced as the first full 3D CG animated Ghibli film and slated for a television premiere on NHK in late 2020.[31]

Distribution rights

In Japan, the company's films are distributed by Toho theatrically (Except for Castle in the Sky and Kiki's Delivery Service, which were distributed by Toei Company, and My Neighbors the Yamadas, which was distributed by Shochiku), and by Walt Disney Studios Japan on home media.[32]

In 1996, Walt Disney Studios acquired worldwide distribution rights to the Studio Ghibli library.[9][33] The first Ghibli film to be released by Disney was Princess Mononoke in 1997 through the Miramax division.[34] During Disney's tenure, the studio produced the English dubs and released 15 of Ghibli's films through the Walt Disney Pictures and Touchstone Pictures banners.[34] In 2011, GKIDS acquired the North American theatrical distribution rights of the aforementioned Ghibli films, with Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment retaining the home video rights.[35] In July 2017, Disney relinquished those home video rights (with the exception of The Wind Rises, which remained with Disney until 2020) to GKIDS, which currently handles all theatrical and home media distribution of Ghibli films in North America.[33]

Outside Japan and North America, Wild Bunch holds international sales rights to Ghibli's film library.[36] The company sells distribution rights to separate distributors across the world, including StudioCanal UK (United Kingdom and Ireland), The Walt Disney Company (France and Taiwan), Universum Film (Germany) and Madman Entertainment (Australia). Disney formerly held the international sales rights as well until Wild Bunch's purchase in 2003.

Streaming rights

On October 17, 2019, HBO Max announced it had acquired exclusive streaming rights to Studio Ghibli's catalogue in the United States as part of a deal with GKIDS; these films were available when the service launched in May 2020.[37] On January 20, 2020, it was announced that Netflix acquired the exclusive streaming rights to this catalogue in all regions except for the United States, Canada and Japan, as part of a deal with Ghibli's international distributor Wild Bunch. Seven of twenty-one films in the studio's catalogue were released on February 1, 2020, with the others following on March 1 and April 1.[38] Netflix then struck a separate deal with GKIDS for streaming rights in Canada which was announced on June 22, and comes into effect on June 25 for most films.[39] Currently, no streaming rights deals have been announced to date for Studio Ghibli's home country of Japan.

Additionally, the Studio Ghibli films were made available for digital purchases on most major services in the United States and Canada on December 17, 2019.[40]

All of the above collections exclude Grave of the Fireflies; unlike most of the other films which were published by Tokuma Shoten, Grave was produced and owned by Shinchosha, which also had published the short story it was based on, and such fell into different rights holdings.[40]

Works
Main article: List of Studio Ghibli works

While Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind is often considered a Studio Ghibli film, it was produced and released before the studio's official founding.

Feature films
Year Title Director Screenwriter(s) Producer(s) Music RT Metacritic
1986 Castle in the Sky Hayao Miyazaki Isao Takahata Joe Hisaishi 96%[41] 78
1988 Grave of the Fireflies Isao Takahata Tōru Hara Michio Mamiya 98%[42] 94
My Neighbor Totoro Hayao Miyazaki Joe Hisaishi 94%[43] 86
1989 Kiki's Delivery Service Hayao Miyazaki 97%[44] 83
1991 Only Yesterday Isao Takahata Toshio Suzuki Katz Hoshi 100%[45] 90
1992 Porco Rosso Hayao Miyazaki Joe Hisaishi 95%[46] 83
1993 Ocean Waves Tomomi Mochizuki Seiji Okuda & Nozomu Takahashi Shigeru Nagata 88%[47] 73
1994 Pom Poko Isao Takahata Shang Shang Typhoon 85%[48] 77
1995 Whisper of the Heart Yoshifumi Kondō Hayao Miyazaki Yuji Nomi 94%[49] 75
1997 Princess Mononoke Hayao Miyazaki Joe Hisaishi 93%[50] 76
1999 My Neighbors the Yamadas Isao Takahata Akiko Yano 78%[51] 75
2001 Spirited Away Hayao Miyazaki Joe Hisaishi 97%[52] 96
2002 The Cat Returns Hiroyuki Morita Reiko Yoshida Toshio Suzuki & Nozomu Takahashi Yuji Nomi 90%[53] 70
2004 Howl's Moving Castle Hayao Miyazaki Toshio Suzuki Joe Hisaishi 87%[54] 80
2006 Tales from Earthsea Gorō Miyazaki G. Miyazaki & Keiko Niwa Tomohiko Ishii & Toshio Suzuki Tamiya Terashima 43%[55] 47
2008 Ponyo Hayao Miyazaki Toshio Suzuki Joe Hisaishi 92%[56] 86
2010 Arrietty Hiromasa Yonebayashi Hayao Miyazaki & Keiko Niwa Cécile Corbel 95%[57] 80
2011 From Up on Poppy Hill Gorō Miyazaki Satoshi Takebe 86%[58] 71
2013 The Wind Rises[59] Hayao Miyazaki Joe Hisaishi 88%[60] 83
The Tale of the Princess Kaguya[59] Isao Takahata Takahata & Riko Sakaguchi Yoshiaki Nishimura & Seiichiro Ujiie 100%[61] 89
2014 When Marnie Was There[62] Hiromasa Yonebayashi Yonebayashi, Keiko Niwa & Masashi Ando Yoshiaki Nishimura & Toshio Suzuki Takatsugu Muramatsu 91%[63] 72
2020 Earwig and the Witch[31] Gorō Miyazaki Hayao Miyazaki Toshio Suzuki Joe Hisaishi
2023 How Do You Live?[64][65][66] Hayao Miyazaki TBA TBA

Notable animators and character designers

See also

References
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  2. Ni no Kuni: Wrath of the White Witch, retrieved January 22, 2019
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Further reading
  • Cavallaro, Dani. The Animé Art of Hayao Miyazaki. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2006. ISBN 978-0-7864-2369-9. OCLC 62430842.
  • McCarthy, Helen. Hayao Miyazaki: Master of Japanese Animation: Films, Themes, Artistry. Berkeley, Calif.: Stone Bridge Press, 1999. ISBN 978-1-880656-41-9. OCLC 42296779. 2001 reprint of the 1999 text, with revisions: OCLC 51198297.
  • Miyazaki, Hayao. Starting Point: 1979–1996. Beth Cary and Frederik L. Schodt, trans. San Francisco: VIZ Media, 2009. ISBN 978-1-4215-0594-7. OCLC 290477195.
    • Miyazaki, Hayao. Shuppatsuten, 1979–1996 (出発点—1979~1996). Tokyo: Studio Ghibli, Inc./Hatsubai Tokuma Shoten, 1996. ISBN 978-4-19-860541-4. OCLC 37636025. Original Japanese edition.
  • Miyazaki, Hayao. Turning Point: 1997-2008. Beth Cary and Frederik L. Schodt, trans. San Francisco: VIZ Media, 2014. ISBN 9781421560908. OCLC 854945352.
    • Miyazaki, Hayao. Orikaeshiten: 1997-2008 (折り返し点—1997~2008). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 2008. ISBN 9784000223942. OCLC 237177737. Original Japanese edition.
  • Odell, Colin, and Michelle Le Blanc. Studio Ghibli: The Films of Hayao Miyazaki and Isao Takahata. Harpenden, Hertfordshire, England: Kamera, 2009. ISBN 978-1-84243-279-2. OCLC 299246656.

Documentaries
  • This Is How Ghibli Was Born (ジブリはこうして生まれた, Jiburi wa kōshite umareta). 1998 documentary, Nippon TV, 28 min.
  • The Kingdom of Dreams and Madness (夢と狂気の王国, Yume to Kyoki no Okoku). 2013 documentary by Mami Sunada, 118 min.
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