Sonipat

Sonipat is a city and a Municipal Corporation in Haryana state of India. It comes under the National Capital Region and is around 44 kilometres (27 mi) from Delhi. It is also around 214 km(128 miles) southwest of Chandigarh, the state capital. The Yamuna River runs along the eastern boundary.

Sonipat

Sonepat
Municipal Corporation
Sonipat
Location in Haryana, India
Sonipat
Sonipat (India)
Sonipat
Sonipat (Asia)
Coordinates: 28.990°N 77.022°E / 28.990; 77.022
Country India
StateHaryana
DivisionRohtak
DistrictSonipat
Government
 • M.P.Ramesh Chander Kaushik (BJP)
 • M.L.A.Surender Panwar (INC)
Elevation
224.15 m (735.40 ft)
Population
 • Municipal Corporation278,149
 • Urban289,333
Languages[3][4]
 • OfficialHindi
 • Additional officialEnglish, Punjabi
 • RegionalHaryanvi[5]
Time zoneUTC+5.30 (Indian Standard Time)
PIN
131001
Telephone Code+91-130
ISO 3166 codeIN-HR
Vehicle registrationHR-10, HR-69(Commercial Vehicles), HR-99(Temporary), DL-14 Sonipat (Delhi NCR)
Sex Ratio1.19 ♂/♀
Effective literacy85.48%
Websitewww.sonipat.nic.in
Kos Minar at Sonepat bus stand along Grand Trunk Road in Haryana

On 22 December 1972, Sonipat has created a full-fledged district. It lies on Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway, Eastern Peripheral Expressway (NE II) and Grand Trunk Road (NH 44) as well as the planned Delhi–Sonipat–Panipat Regional Rapid Transit System and it is also connected by the under implementation Delhi Metro extension of Yellow line to be completed in Phase IV by March 2022.

Etymology

According to legend, Sonipat was earlier known as Sonprastha, which later on became Swarnprastha (lit. 'Golden City').[6][7] Later, the name Swarnprastha changed into Swarnpath, and then to its current form, Sonipat.[8]

Ancient history

Reference to the city comes in the epic Mahabharata as Swarnprastha. It was one of the five Prastha demanded by Pandavas as the price of peace from Duryodhan in lieu of the kingdom Hastinapur. The other four Prastha were Panprastha (Panipat), Baghprastha (Baghpat), Tilprastha (Faridabad) and Indraprastha (Delhi).[9]

Geography and topography

Sonipat is located at 28.98°N 77.02°E / 28.98; 77.02.[10]

Climate
Climate data for Sonipat
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 21
(70)		 24
(75)		 30
(86)		 37
(99)		 40
(104)		 38
(100)		 35
(95)		 34
(93)		 34
(93)		 33
(91)		 28
(82)		 22
(72)		 31
(88)
Average low °C (°F) 8
(46)		 11
(52)		 16
(61)		 22
(72)		 27
(81)		 28
(82)		 28
(82)		 27
(81)		 26
(79)		 21
(70)		 14
(57)		 9
(48)		 20
(68)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 19.7
(0.78)		 24.6
(0.97)		 24.6
(0.97)		 10.1
(0.40)		 40.7
(1.60)		 96.9
(3.81)		 190
(7.5)		 201
(7.9)		 134.3
(5.29)		 12
(0.5)		 4
(0.2)		 10
(0.4)		 767.9
(30.32)
Average relative humidity (%) 66 58 47 32 35 53 68 71 66 55 51 63 55
Source 1: http://www.myweather2.com [11]
Source 2: http://www.meoweather.com [12]

Demographics

As of 2011 Indian Census, Sonipat city had a total population of 278,149, of which 148,364 were males and 129,785 were females. The population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 32,333. The total number of literates in Sonipat was 210,112, which constituted 75.5% of the population with male literacy of 79.7% and female literacy of 70.8%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Sonipat was 85.5%, of which the male literacy rate was 90.8% and the female literacy rate was 79.5%. The Scheduled Castes population was 42,013. Sonipat had 55,599 households in 2011.[1]

The urban agglomeration, which includes suburbs outside of the city's jurisdiction, had a total population of 289,333.[2]

Places of interest
Khwaja Khizar Tomb
The prophet Khizr Khan Khwaja

Khwaja Khizr Tomb

The Khwaja Khizr Tomb situated in Jatwara houses the remains of the saint and son of Darya Khan who lived during the rule of Ibrahim Lodhi. The structure was built between 1522 and 1525 AD. The tomb stands on an elevated platform and is one of the few monuments where red sandstone along with ‘kankar’ blocks have been used. The ceiling is decorative and made of multicolor floral designs. The cenotaph chamber is surrounded by a dome-shaped structure that rests on a small drum of octagonal shape. Now the site is under the protection of Archaeological Survey of India and surrounded by four acres (1.6 ha) of gardens.

Mughal architecture

There are several Mughal buildings on the outskirts of the city, including the Mosque of Abdullah Nasir-ud-din, who was a descendant from Mushid of Iran.

Yamuna River

The main water system in the district is the Yamuna River and the irrigation canals flowing out of it. The river flows besides the rural belt in the eastern side of district. It also acts as a natural boundary between the states of Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Food
A cake of ghevar

Sonipat is famous for its monsoon time sweet dish ghevar which has its roots of origin here.

Economy

Industrial estates
See also: Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor, Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor, Delhi Western Peripheral Expressway, and National Capital Region (India)

There are six HSIIDC industrial estates namely Sonepat city, Barhi, Kundli, Murthal, Rai and Samalkha. The development of Sonepat Industrial area in the city started in the 1950s with Atlas Cycle.[13] Since then, many small and big industries have been established here. Atlas, E.C.E.[14] or the Birla Factory, OSRAM India (formerly part of E.C.E., but in October 1998 it was acquired by OSRAM[15]).

Agriculture
An agricultural area

Despite recent industrial development, Haryana is primarily an agricultural state. The main crops are wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton, oilseeds, pulses, barley, maize, millet, etc. Presently, rice and sugarcane cultivation is undertaken in the Khadar area and oilseeds, horticultural plants, vegetables and flowers, is cultivated in the upland plains of district. The main sources of irrigation are tube wells and canals. There are two main types of crops: Rabi and Kharif. The major Kharif crops of Haryana are rice, jowar, bajra, maize, cotton, jute, sugarcane, Baby corn, Sweet corn, sesame and groundnuts. For these crops the ground is prepared in April and May and the seeds are sown at the commencement of rains in June. The crops are ready for harvesting by the beginning of November. The major Rabi crops are wheat, tobacco, pulses, linseed, rapeseed and mustard. The ground is prepared by the end of October or the beginning of November and the crops are harvested by March. Dairy farming forms an essential part of the rural economy. Animal husbandry has been taken up as an integral component of diversified agriculture.

Education

Rajiv Gandhi Education City

The Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat (RGEC) at Kundli is project by Government of Haryana to develop a hub of higher education institutes in 5000 acres of land. Indian Institute of Technology Sonipat has already taken possession of 50 acres of land offered for the extension of its Delhi campus. Many universities have started their projects to establish their campus.

Universities

Colleges

Sports

The Sports Authority of India has established the Northern Regional Center (the SAI, Ch. Devi Lal Regional Center) at Sonipat to provide world-class facilities for athletes (especially wrestlers).

In July 1973 the government established the Motilal Nehru School of Sports, Rai, Sonipat[16] to provide education facilities with extra emphasis on sports. It trains athletes in hockey, basketball, lawn tennis, horse riding, gymnastics, swimming, rifle shooting, volleyball, boxing, cricket and football.

Bus Port

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways proposed first Bus Port in the pattern of Airport on GT Road in Sonipat.[17][18] It will be the joint venture of Government of Haryana and NHAI.[19][18]

  • In a first-of-its-kind initiative, the Union ministry of road transport and highways has decided to set up a bus port on the pattern of an airport in Sonipat.
  • The proposed bus stand will be an ultra-modern ‘bus port’, with infrastructure at par with an international airport.
  • To be constructed under design, built, finance, operate and transfer model, new bus ports will have digital display, variable message signboards, CCTV camera, surveillance system, deluxe waiting room, tourist information center, clock room, restaurant, food court, plaza, budget hotel, multiplex, administrative office, parcel room, maintenance workshop, fuel station, etc. facilities.


Sonipat Lok Sabha

Sonipat (Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 10 Lok Sabha (Parliamentary) constituencies in Haryana state in northern India.*Ramesh Chander Kaushik is Member of Parliament from Sonipat Seat

Notable people

See also

References
  1. "Census of India: Sonipat". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  2. "Census of India: Sonipat". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  3. "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  4. IANS (28 January 2010). "Haryana grants second language status to Punjabi". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  5. "Haryanvi". Ethnologue. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  6. Gupta, Ramesh Chandra (1985). Urban geography of Delhi-Shahadra. Bhavna Prakashan.
  7. Kauśika, Rs̥hi Jaiminī; Baruā, Jaiminī Kauśika (1967). Maiṃ apane Māravāṛī samāja ko pyāra karatā hūm̐ (in Hindi). Jaiminī-Prakāśana.
  8. Sharma, Chandrapal (1 September 2017). भारतीय संस्कृति और मूल अंकों के स्वर : अंक चक्र : Bhartiya Sanskriti aur Mool Anko ke Swar Ank Chakra (in Hindi). Diamond Pocket Books Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9789352784875.
  9. Gupta, Ramesh Chandra (1985). Urban geography of Delhi-Shahadra. Bhavna Prakashan.
  10. "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Sonipat, India". www.fallingrain.com.
  11. "January Climate History for Sonipat | Local | India".
  12. "Meoweather.com Is For Sale". www.meoweather.com.
  13. "Atlas Cycles (Haryana) Ltd., Sonepat (India)". www.atlascyclesonepat.com.
  14. "ECE Industries Ltd". www.eceindustriesltd.com.
  15. Osram Sylvania. "OSRAM Americas | OSRAM SYLVANIA Homepage". Osramindia.com. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  16. "Motilal Nehru School of SportsRai". Motilal Nehru School of SportsRai.
  17. "World-class bus port to come up in Sonipat - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  18. "सोनीपत में बनेगा प्रदेश का पहला बस पोर्ट". दैनिक ट्रिब्यून (in Hindi). 16 March 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  19. "बस टर्मिनल पर फिर से फंसा पेंच, एनएचएआई के अधिकारियों ने कहा- डबल रास्ते पर होनी चाहिए जमीन". Dainik Bhaskar (in Hindi). 12 December 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
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