Shimizu S-Pulse

Shimizu S-Pulse (清水エスパルス, Shimizu Esuparusu) is a professional Japanese football club. Located in Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture, S-Pulse currently competes in the J1 League (J1). Formed as recently as 1991, S-Pulse are one of the youngest professional teams in Japan. The club was formed at the advent of the J.League in 1991, and originally consisted of players drawn exclusively from Shizuoka Prefecture; a unique distinction at the time.

Shimizu S-Pulse
清水エスパルス
Full nameShimizu S-Pulse
Nickname(s)S-Pa
Founded1991 (1991)[1]
GroundIAI Stadium Nihondaira
Shimizu, Shizuoka
Capacity20,339[2]
ChairmanShigeo Hidaritomo
ManagerPeter Cklamovski
LeagueJ1 League
2019J1 League, 12th of 18
WebsiteClub website

Given the club's youth when compared to many of their J1 peers, S-Pulse have had a relatively large impact on Japanese football. Since the game turned professional in 1992, they are one of the most prolific and consistent performers in cup competitions, having made no less than ten final appearances: five times in the Emperor's Cup and five times in the League Cup. Only Japan's most successful professional team, Kashima Antlers, have made more final appearances. They have won both of these competitions once, and have also won the Japanese Super Cup twice and the Asian Cup Winners' Cup once. The club's most recent cup final was in the 2012 J.League Cup which ended in defeat to Kashima.

Despite the club's cup competition prowess, the J.League Division 1 title has so far eluded them. The closest S-Pulse came was in 1999 when, after winning the league's second stage, they lost out on the title in a penalty shootout. When scores remained level after both legs of the title deciding match, Júbilo Iwata, S-Pulse's local rivals, prevailed. Former S-Pulse and national team player Kenta Hasegawa, who made a substitute appearance in the second leg of this title decider,[3] became club manager in 2005. He was the longest serving manager in the club's history, in office until 2010. He resigned at the end of the season after failing to win any competitions and was replaced by Afshin Ghotbi.

History
Main article: History of Shimizu S-Pulse

Shizuoka as a football prefecture

Headquarters are established in Shizuoka Prefecture called the football kingdom in Japan. As a prefecture, Shizuoka had historically been a strong footballing area of Japan; in particular being noted for its nationally successful high school teams[4] and the numerous national team players which had emerged from the prefecture over the years. The prefectural police force of Shizuoka actually has an anthropomorphic football as a mascot.[5] The west of the prefecture was already home to the company team of Yamaha Motor Corporation who played in the Japan Soccer League and who would later go on to form Júbilo Iwata, but it was believed there was room for another team for the football-hungry population. An earlier attempt had been made in the 1970s with the local club belonging to Nippon Light Metal Corp., which briefly competed in the JSL Division 2 under the name Hagoromo Club.[6] With the advent of the professional league at the start of the 1990s, the concept of creating a team to both sign and represent the local footballing talent was fomented.

Club formation

Shimizu S-Pulse was formed in early 1991 as Shimizu FC from the backing of local businesses and people. This was a beginning which made them unique among the founding clubs of the J.League, with all others ex-company teams turned professional. Two months after formation, the club name was officially changed to Shimizu S-Pulse.[7] S-Pulse is a combination of the S from Shizuoka, Shimizu, Supporter and Soccer, and Pulse from English to mean the spirit of all those who support the team.[8]

On February 4, 1991 S-Pulse were approved by the J.League to compete in the newly formed professional league to start the following year. The club played its first ever game against Gamba Osaka on July 4, 1992, a date which is celebrated as the club's memorial birthday.[9] The match took place at the Nagai Stadium in Osaka. The club's first competitive game was in the 1992 League Cup against Nagoya Grampus on September 5 at the Mizuho Athletic Stadium, and ended in a 3–2 defeat. Their competitive home début was held at Nihondaira Stadium shortly after on September 9 against Yokohama Marinos, which S-Pulse won 2–1. S-Pulse's first league game was played in May 1993 away to Yokohama Flügels at Mitsuzawa Stadium. Flügels won 3–2. The first home league game was a 2–1 victory against Sanfrecce Hiroshima on May 19 of the same year.

Professional football

After being approved for participation in the J.League[9] S-Pulse competed in the inaugural 1992 J.League Cup and made it to their first final. However, the dream start ended with defeat at the hands of Verdy Kawasaki. In 1993, S-Pulse became one of the ten founder members of the new J.League, and finished third after the 1st and 2nd stages were combined.[10] Their second venture into the J.League Cup was another near miss, again losing in the final to Verdy Kawasaki. Finally, in 1996 the team got their hands on the trophy and also gained revenge on Verdy, beating them 5–4 on penalties in the final.[11]

The year 1999 was marked with S-Pulse's first appearance in the Japanese Super Cup, replacing Yokohama Flügels after their merger with Yokohama Marinos. However, S-Pulse lost the match 2–1.[12] After performing well in both league stages, S-Pulse were up against local rivals Júbilo Iwata in the title decider, and after a 3–3 aggregate draw, lost the tie 4–2 on penalties. The new millennium brought better results for S-Pulse. Victory in the Asian Cup Winners' Cup in 2000[13] and victory in the final of the Emperor's Cup in 2001 meant that the S-Pulse trophy cabinet was beginning to fill up, and victories in the 2001 and 2002 Japanese Super Cups meant that the club had won four cups in three years.[14]

S-Pulse fans make the hundred mile trip to FC Tokyo, September 2007

In 2005, S-Pulse closed the year with a run to the Emperor's Cup final in which they did not concede a single goal. However, this changed in the final against Urawa Red Diamonds, which they lost 2–1. After a near-miss in the league, avoiding a relegation play-off by only goal difference, manager Kenta Hasegawa's work started to pay off the following year. In both 2006 and 2007 S-Pulse performed strongly in the league and finished in 4th place, followed by a fifth place standing in 2008. However, early exits in both cup competitions in 2006 and 2007, means they are currently without a trophy for five years. This is the longest barren spell in their history, although in 2008 they came close, being defeated in the final of the League Cup by Oita Trinita.[15]

In 2011, S-Pulse made the "Signing of the Century" by making a move to complete the signing of Swedish and Arsenal F.C legend Freddie Ljungberg.[16] It is considered by many Japanese to be one of the greatest signings in league history. Many also believed that the signing would boost football in baseball-fanatic Japan, however Ljungberg departed, and subsequently retired, after 5 1/2 months with the club.[17] Later managements would turn out to be a catalyst for S-Pulse's luck to run out in the next seasons.

S-Pulse would play four more seasons in J1, until their first-tier stay was broken in the 2015 season. The club was in good standing early in the first stage until they collapsed later, falling into the bottom three. Home fans were disappointed at the way their club was playing. S-Pulse failed to improve in the second stage, being at the relegation positions. After 23 seasons in the top flight, they were relegated to J2 (and the second tier) for the first time in their history after a 1–0 home loss to Vegalta Sendai on October 17, 2015.[18]

S-Pulse bounced back to top flight football immediately, securing promotion on the final day of the 2016 season, and have remained in J1 since.

Supporters

In common with other J.League teams, S-Pulse have a colourful and noisy collection of supporters who follow the team around the country. A supporter band is present at games home and away to help galvanise support and raise the decibel levels. The band models itself to a large degree after its Brazilian counterparts, and Latin rhythms and samba sounds predominate. For home games, S-Pulse's more vocal supporters gather in the second tier of The Kop; the stand behind the west goal at Nihondaira Stadium.[19] Also in this area can be found S-Pulse's various organised supporter groups. These groups include fan clubs dedicated to specific players and are often identifiable by unique uniforms. These fan clubs work to organise events which include mass choreographed displays and the supporter band.[20] Also housed in The Kop are S-Pulse's band of ultras, who each game take over a central area behind the goal which has been dubbed The Dragon Zone. Often physical, it is not uncommon for the area to descend into a mosh pit after important goals, and signs posted around the stand inform and caution general supporters of the area's lively nature. The club's official fan club has several branches around the country, and S-Pulse supporters are officially listed as the team's twelfth player.

Ownership

Although suzuyo, Inc. which is a local major company had become a parent company just at the present, since the Shimizu S-Pulse was born as a citizen club from the first, vulnerable time suited it in the past in terms of a fund. As well as originally gathering its playing staff almost exclusively from Shizuoka prefecture, local corporation S-Lap Communications ran and financed the club. This was a company funded in part from Shimuzu citizens, but in main by Shizuoka Television. After the J.League bubble burst in the late 1990s,[21] Shizuoka Television withdrew backing, and in 1998 only a drastic restructuring kept the club afloat. Ownership of S-Pulse was reorganized between local companies under the leadership of Shimizu-based Suzuyo Corporation.[22] It is now run under the company title of S-Pulse, Inc.

In culture

Despite their relatively short history, S-Pulse have had some impact on popular culture beyond football. Current manager and former player of some eight years and over 200 appearances, Kenta Hasegawa, makes occasional appearances in popular manga and anime series Chibi Maruko-chan. In the show a boy with his name and referred to as Kenta-kun is sometimes seen. He loves football and is a classmate of title character Chibi Maruko.[23] The author of the manga, Momoko Sakura, created this character after Hasegawa. Sakura and Hasegawa attended the same primary school during the same period. Unique S-Pulse related Chibi Maruko goods are also produced.[24] In another example, two fictional characters from the popular Captain Tsubasa manga, who, on becoming professional footballers, join S-Pulse.

Stadium

Main articles: Nihondaira Sports Stadium, Shizuoka "Ecopa" Stadium, Kusanagi Athletic Stadium

Mt. Fuji as seen from Nihondaira Stadium

S-Pulse's main home arena is the Nihondaira Sports Stadium located in Shimizu, with a capacity of 20,248. However, over their history home games have been staged at a number of grounds. The first decade of S-Pulse's existence sometimes saw 'home' games played outside of Shizuoka prefecture, including at the National Stadium in Tokyo. The most frequently used other venue was Kusanagi Athletic Stadium. Utilised almost equally with Nihondaira over S-Pulse's earliest years, this inclded six home games in 1993. Kusanagi was called home while Nihondairs was enlarged in 1994, and again while the pitch relaid in 2003. With a fully functioning Nihondaira, Kusanagi was used less commonly, with the most recent first team match being held there in 2003.

The most common reason for moving games is the restrictively low capacity of Nihondaira. This has often led the club to stage fixtures against neighbouring Júbilo Iwata and other high-profile clashes, at Shizuoka "Ecopa" Stadium.[25] This stadium was built in 2001 for the following year's World Cup and has a capacity of 51,349. Despite still being in Shizuoka Prefecture, Ecopa is over an hour's travel from Shimizu, deep within the Jubilo catchment area. For such a fiercely contested derby, much of the home advantage is lost; a factor which contributed in part to the staging of the 2007 derby at Nihondaira despite demand for tickets far outstripping supply. The decision paid off with a home victory. 2007 saw all home games staged at Nihondaira for the first time since 1999. This was repeated in 2008, although between 2009 and 2015 Ecopa was used for at least one home league game.[26] S-Pulse have chosen not to use Ecopa since 2015, playing all home league games at Nihondaira.

Naming Rights

In October 2008 it was announced that naming rights would be sold for Nihondaira Stadium.[27] In late November 2008 a deal was announced which would rename the stadium Outsourcing Stadium Nihondaira. The contract will run for four years starting from the 2009 season, and would be worth 90 000 000 per year.[28]

A new 5-year deal sponsorship deal with IAI Corporation, a manufacturer of industrial robots, took effect on 1 March 2013. The stadium has was renamed IAI Stadium Nihondaira, shortened by the club and supporters to I Sta.[29] This sponsorship deal was extended a further five years in 2018.

Future

After filling Nihondaira on average over 81% for league games in 2008, in November of the same year the club expressed its desire for the ground, which is owned by Shizuoka City, to have its capacity expanded.[30]

In 2020 the club restated their hope to build a new, larger home.[31] In recent years various locations have been cited as a potential location for a new stadium, including next to Higashi-Shizuoka Station[32], and next to Shimuizu Station[33].

Training Ground

Located near the famous Miho no Matsubara are S-Pulse's main training facilities.[34] Named Miho Ground, training session are sometimes open to the public for autograph hunters. The Miho Ground has also housed the club offices since the club's foundation.

Rivalries

S-Pulse share Shizuoka Prefecture with fierce local rivals Júbilo Iwata. The rivalry dates back to the formation of the J.League when the newly formed S-Pulse were chosen ahead of Júbilo to take part in the first J.League season. Jubilo, who had existed as Yamaha FC in the Japan Soccer League since 1980, had to earn promotion via the 1992 season of the new Japan Football League. This has remained a bone of contention between long standing fans.[35]

With Shizuoka long recognised as the homeland of football in Japan, the two teams have a history of fighting over the best players produced by the region's high schools and universities. Good examples being Naohiro Takahara and Takahiro Yamanishi, who, after graduating from Shimizu Higashi High School,[36] went on to sign for the Júbilo team which won three J.League championships between 1997 and 2002.[37]

Alongside off-field factors, S-Pulse and Júbilo are locked in a perpetual struggle for supremacy on the field. During the J.League's infancy, it was S-Pulse who experienced the greater success and support, but they found themselves in Iwata's shadow for long periods either side of the turn of the century. Recently, S-Pulse have once again emerged as the area's premier club, finishing above Júbilo in the league every season since 2006, and often enjoying further cup runs.[38] 2008 was also the first year since 1995 that S-Pulse succeeded in drawing more supporters through the gates than their rivals.

Also based in Shizuoka are Honda FC and Fujieda MYFC, although neither currently play at the same level as S-Pulse, limiting any potential rivalry development to one-off cup pairings. Fujieda MYFC and Honda FC play just below the J. league in the Japan Football League.[39] Despite always performing well, Honda FC have resisted professionalisation and so are unable to join the J.League.[40] The forerunners to Avispa Fukuoka and Sagan Tosu were originally also based in Shizuoka Prefecture, but had to move to Kyushu because of the dominance and fan saturation of S-Pulse and Iwata.

Colours, crest and mascot

Colour, sponsors and manufacturers
Shimizu S-Pulse shirts.
First-choice goalkeeper colours

Since the team's inception, the same colour combination for home shirts have been used each year. The colour scheme of orange shirts, shorts and socks was selected to reflect the famous local product of Shizuoka Prefecture; the mikan.[41] The current bright orange hue, named S-Pulse Orange by the club, is the result of a gentle evolution from a more yellow/orange shade during the team's early years. At the advent of the J.League, S-Pulse were the only top division club in the country to wear orange, a distinction which is now shared with other top flight mainstays, such as Albirex Niigata and Omiya Ardija. There is currently no third kit. Goalkeeping colours have changed more over the seasons, with the current first choice kit all black, and all green being the second choice.

Kit manufacturers have been exclusively Puma since 1997, and prior to this was shared with Mizuno. Shirt sponsors have been fairly consistent over the team's sixteen-year history (see table below). The team's current main shirt sponsor is the local Suzuyo Group,[42] with additional sponsorship panels on the lower neck and arms from confectionery company Glico,[43] and Japan Airlines, respectively.[44]

Season(s)Main Shirt SponsorAdditional Sponsor(s)Kit Manufacturer
1992–96JALGlicoHonenMizuno/Puma
1997–01Puma
2002–03Ajinomoto
2003–05Suzuyo
2005–06StarThe 3rd Planet
2006–07SuzuyoJAL
2007–08CRS
2008–San-Ai

Kit history
Puma (1992–present), Mizuno (1993–1996)
1992 – 1996 (Cup)
1993–1996
1997–1998
1999–2001
2002–2004
2005–2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019

Crest

From the club's formation up to 1996, the club used an earlier version of the team crest.[45] while different, the previous design featured the same central lettering as the present badge.[46] Unveiled for the 1997 season, the current team crest was designed around a globe to reflect the club's ambitions as a world class professional team. The head of the badge takes the iconic shape of Mt. Fuji's perfect cone to symbolise the team's representation of Shizuoka; the home of Mt. Fuji. The choice of blue to accompany the team's orange evokes Shimizu's history as an industrial port town and its proximity to the sea of Suruga Bay. The team crest differs from the team logo which is often used to represent the club. The logo uses the central lettering from the crest, an example of which being the club's shop sign.

Club mascot Palchan and co performing at the 2007 All Star game.

Mascot

Named Palchan and sporting big, winglike ears, S-Pulse's mascot supports the team and entertains fans by performing choreographed, and often acrobatic, dance routines during the buildup to home games. He often performs with the help of his two younger siblings.[47] Designed by professional cartoonist Guy Gilchrist, Palchan's name is taken from the English pal and the pul of S-Pulse.[48] The suffix chan is an affectionate title commonly used in Japan. Sporting team number zero, Palchan goods are a consistent best seller with various merchandise available. S-Pulse also have a cheer leading team named Orange Wave. The team perform routines prior to kick off and half time as well as making various appearances at S-Pulse themed events in and around Shizuoka.[49]

Brand
S-Pulse Dream plaza is on the site of a former Shimizukō Line station.

In and around the team's native Shizuoka City there are eight official club shops. Six of these are known as S-Pulse Dream House and serve as both club merchandise stores and match ticket offices. These can be found in Shizuoka, Shimizu, Fujieda, Suntō and Parche shopping centre, part of Shizuoka Station.[50] The Shimizu Dream House also includes a projection screen and viewing area for the broadcasting of away games. The sixth, and newest, Dream House opened in March 2008 in Fuji City.[51] There are two further S-Pulse shops, with one located in Yaizu, and one in S-Pulse Dream Plaza.

S-Pulse Dream Plaza is a shopping and entertainment complex in Shimizu, housing various attractions including restaurants, a ferris wheel, cinema and a football museum.[52] From the nearby Shimizu Port, the S-Pulse Dream Ferry service runs daily to Izu.[53] The team also lends its name to a series of futsal courts named, perhaps predictably, S-Pulse Dream Fields.[54] These facilities are located in Fujieda, Fuji, Sunto and in Shimizu.

Dream Plaza can be found in a redeveloped part of Shimizu Port near the appropriately named S-Pulse Street.[55] This is a road running into the city from the port area of Shimizu and is lined with various statues, monuments and art works related to and inspired by the city's strong association with football. This includes foot and hand prints cast into metal of former notable players, and several S-Pulse-related statues. S-Pulse Street is also home to the Shimizu Branch of the S-Pulse Dream House.

The S-Pulse brand also extends into motorcycle racing, with the S-Pulse Dream Racing Team bearing the football team's name, logo and mascot.[56] The team competes in the All Japan Road Race ST600 class.

Record
Season Div. Tms. Pos. Attendance/G J.League Cup Emperor's Cup Asia
1992 - - - - Final Quarter-final - -
1993 J1 10 3 18,462 Final Semi-final - -
1994 J1 12 4 19,726 1st round 1st round - -
1995 J1 14 9 19,747 - 1st round - -
1996 J1 16 10 12,962 Winner Quarter-final - -
1997 J1 17 5 9,888 Group Stage Quarter-final - -
1998 J1 18 3 12,298 Semi-final Final - -
1999 J1 16 2 12,883 Quarter-final Quarter-final - -
2000 J1 16 8 12,422 Quarter-final Final CWC Winner
2001 J1 16 4 15,973 2nd round Winner CWC 3rd Place
2002 J1 16 8 14,963 Semi-final Quarter-final CWC Quarter-final
2003 J1 16 11 16,284 Semi-final Semi-final CL Group Stage
2004 J1 16 14 13,568 Quarter-final 4th round - -
2005 J1 18 15 12,752 Quarter-final Final - -
2006 J1 18 4 14,302 Group Stage Quarter-final - -
2007 J1 18 4 15,952 Group Stage Quarter-final - -
2008 J1 18 5 16,599 Final Quarter-final - -
2009 J1 18 7 17,935 Semi-final Semi-final - -
2010 J1 18 6 18,001 Semi-final Final - -
2011 J1 18 10 15,801 Semi-final Quarter-final - -
2012 J1 18 9 15,121 Final 4th round - -
2013 J1 18 9 14,137 Group Stage 4th round - -
2014 J1 18 15 14,210 Group Stage Semi-final - -
2015 J1 18 17 14,083 Group Stage 2nd round - -
2016 J2 22 2 11,274 - Round of 16 - -
2017 J1 18 14 15,116 Group Stage Round of 16 - -
2018 J1 18 8 14,671 Group Stage 3rd round - -
Key
  • Tms. = Number of teams
  • Pos. = Position in league
  • Attendance/G = Average league attendance

League history
  • Division 1 (J1 League) : 1993–2015
  • Division 2 (J2 League) : 2016
  • Division 1 (J1 League) : 2017–

Honours
Shizuoka branch of the S-Pulse Dream House chain

Domestic leagues
  • J.League Division 1
    • Runners-up: 1999
    • Second stage champions: 1999

Domestic cups

Continental

Players

Current squad

As of 23 February 2020.[57]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Position Player
1 GK Yohei Nishibe
2 DF Yugo Tatsuta
3 DF Hwang Seok-Ho
4 DF Kazunori Yoshimoto
5 DF Valdo
6 MF Ryo Takeuchi (Captain)
7 MF Mitsunari Musaka
8 MF Hideki Ishige
9 FW Jong Tae-se
10 FW Carlinhos Junior
11 FW Junior Dutra
13 MF Kota Miyamoto
14 FW Yusuke Goto
15 DF Takashi Kanai
16 MF Kenta Nishizawa
17 MF Yosuke Kawai
18 DF Elsinho
19 FW Jin Hiratsuka
No. Position Player
20 MF Keita Nakamura
21 DF Ryo Okui
22 MF Renato Augusto
23 FW Teerasil Dangda
24 DF Makoto Okazaki
26 MF Yuta Taki
28 MF Yasufumi Nishimura
29 DF Naoya Fukumori
30 MF Shota Kaneko
31 GK Togo Umeda
32 GK Neto Volpi
33 FW Riyo Kawamoto
34 DF Erick Noriega
35 DF Kenta Ito
36 FW Ibrahim Junior Kuribara
37 MF Yuito Suzuki
38 GK Yoshiaki Arai
39 GK Takuo Ōkubo

Note: The official club website lists the club mascot as player #0 and the supporters as player #12.

Academy

S-Pulse operate Youth and Junior Youth teams as part of their academy to nurture local talent. Of the current first team, Kohei Hiramatsu, Kota Sugiyama and Daisuke Ichikawa are examples of players who have worked their way through the ranks.

Noted players

Players who have been named Player of the Year or Young Player of the Year in the J.League:

Japan
AFC/OFC/CAF
CONMEBOL
UEFA

World Cup players

World Cup 1994

World Cup 1998

World Cup 2002

World Cup 2006

  • Cho Jae-Jin

World Cup 2010

Managers
ManagerNat.Tenure
Émerson Leão BrazilJan 1, 1992 – Dec 31, 1994
Rivelino BrazilJan 1, 1994 – Dec 31, 1994
Masakatsu Miyamoto Japan1995–96
Osvaldo Ardiles ArgentinaJan 1, 1996 – Dec 31, 1998
Steve Perryman England1999–01
Zdravko Zemunović Serbia15 Dec, 2000 – Dec 31, 2002
Takeshi Oki Japan2002–03
Koji Gyotoku Japan2003
Antoninho Brazil2003–04
Nobuhiro Ishizaki JapanJune 26, 2004 – Nov 28, 2004
Kenta Hasegawa JapanJan 1, 2005 – Dec 31, 2010
Afshin Ghotbi[58] IranFeb 1, 2011 – July 30, 2014
Katsumi Oenoki JapanJuly 30, 2014 – Aug 1,2015
Kazuaki Tasaka JapanAug 1,2015– Dec 31, 2015
Shinji Kobayashi JapanJan 1, 2016– Dec 31, 2017
Jan Jönsson SwedenJan 1, 2018– June 11, 2019
Yoshiyuki Shinoda JapanMay 14, 2019– December 13, 2019
Peter Cklamovski AustraliaDecember 14, 2019–

References
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Sporting positions
Preceded by
Kashima Antlers		 Emperor's Cup Winners
2001		 Succeeded by
Kyoto Purple Sanga
Preceded by
Verdy Kawasaki		 J.League Cup Winners
1996		 Succeeded by
Kashima Antlers
Preceded by
Nagoya Grampus Eight		 Japanese Super Cup Winners
2001–2002		 Succeeded by
Kyoto Purple Sanga
Preceded by
Al-Shabab 		Asian Cup Winners' Cup Winners
2000		 Succeeded by
Al-Ittihad
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