Scorpion (Marvel Comics)

The Scorpion is the name of multiple characters in Marvel Comics, almost all of them supervillains. The best known and most featured version of the character is Mac Gargan, who is primarily an enemy of the superhero Spider-Man.

Publication history

The monster version of Scorpion first appeared in Journey into Mystery #82 (July 1962).

The Sam Scorpio version first appeared in Kid Colt, Outlaw #115 (March 1964) and was a Wild West villain who fought Kid Colt.

The Mac Gargan version was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. Gargan first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #19 (December 1964) and first appeared as the Scorpion in Amazing Spider-Man #20 (January 1965).[1] Years later, he became the third incarnation of Venom in Marvel Knights: Spider-Man #10 (March 2005) and impersonated Spider-Man in Dark Avengers #1 (March 2009). Mac Gargan appeared in the character's first own 4-issue limited series, Dark Reign: Sinister Spider-Man. The comic was released in June 2009 and was written by Brian Reed, with art by Chris Bachalo.[2] Writer Dan Slott has stated that Mac Gargan will return as the original Scorpion,[3] in an upcoming arc of The Amazing Spider-Man.[4]

The Jim Evans version of Scorpion first appeared in Rawhide Kid #57 (April 1967) and was a Wild West villain who fought Rawhide Kid.

The Elaine Coll version of the character first appeared in Spider-Man: The Power of Terror #2 (Feb. 1995) and was created by Gregory Wright and Darick Robertson.

Carmilla Black first appeared in Amazing Fantasy vol 2. #7 (June 2005).

Fictional character biography

Monster Scorpion

The first Scorpion was seen as a giant monster. During an experiment with a bismuth isotope, Paul Rodgers accidentally struck a normal scorpion with a stream of delta particles. It was mutated into a giant monstrous form and gained the consciousness to hate the human race. It told Paul Rodgers and Edward Bentley that it would mutate another bunch of scorpions and take over the world. Edward managed to hypnotize the Scorpion into thinking that it was feeling the pains from the radiation poisoning. When the Scorpion begged for Paul and Edward to end its life, they complied and killed the Scorpion by firing another stream of delta particles at it.[5]

Sam Scorpio

Sam Scorpio is an inventor who used his "sting" (a derringer fitted to a silencer on his forearm) to terrorize the Old West. Scorpion later encountered Kid Colt while running from a 50-man posse and begged for his help. Kid Colt refused until an earthquake occurred and they hid under a boulder. By the time Kid Colt and Scorpion emerged, the posse caught up to them and they were taken to prison. While in jail, Scorpion used his "sting" on a guard. Upon grabbing the guard's keys, Scorpion forced Kid Colt to accompany him. He took Kid Colt to a hideout in the hills and wanted Kid Colt to join him. When Kid Colt asked about the secret of his "sting," Scorpion turned on him. Kid Colt shot out the lamp for cover from Scorpion's sting and Scorpion fled where he told the posse where they can find Kid Colt. Afterwards, Scorpion set up a gang where he kept them in line with his "sting." Kid Colt went after Scorpion's gang upon figuring out what his gimmick was. Kid Colt defeated Scorpion's gang and defeated Scorpion in hand-to-hand combat before he could use his "sting." Kid Colt then turned Scorpion and his gang over to the authorities.[6]

Scorpion was imprisoned in a State Prison where he was part of a chain gang with Dr. Danger and Bull Barton. When Kid Colt ended up in the same prison after turning himself over to the law, Scorpion, Dr. Danger, and Bull Barton decided that this was the opportunity for revenge. One day, they attacked Kid Colt in unison while on work detail. When a prison guard intervened, they took his gun, overpowered the guard, and broke their chains. Then they grazed Kid Colt with another bullet and fled. Across the border, Scorpion, Dr. Danger, and Bull Barton came across a town where Fred Yates (the man that Kid Colt turned himself over to) lived. When Scorpion, Dr. Danger, and Bull Barton confronted Fred Yates and his sister Susan, Fred fled in sheer terror. Kid Colt caught up to the trio, disarmed them, and saved Susan. Kid Colt then sent Scorpion, Dr. Danger, and Bull Barton back over the border to the waiting arms of the law.[7]

Mac Gargan

Mac Gargan first appeared in Amazing Spider-Man #19 and was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. He was a private investigator who was hired by J. Jonah Jameson to find out how Peter Parker was able to obtain the photos of Spider-Man.[8] When Spider-Man evaded Gargan, J. Jonah Jameson decided to use Gargan as a test subject for an experiment done by Farley Stillwell which led to Gargan becoming the Scorpion in order to defeat Spider-Man. Many years later, Gargan becomes a host for the Venom symbiote. After the Venom symbiote was removed from him in the aftermath of the Siege storyline, Gargan was sprung from the Raft by Alistair Smythe and outfitted with a new Scorpion suit.

Jim Evans

Jim Evans is a successful apothecary in Dustville during the Old West. He began to date Sarah (the prettiest girl in town) until she began to neglect him upon stating that she already has a boyfriend in Matt Cody. Matt Cody was not pleased that Sarah went out with Jim and challenged him to a shootout. Jim drew his gun first and only managed to wing Matt in the left arm as Matt managed to shoot Jim's gun out of his hand. Matt then made Jim dance with his gun. Jim was humiliated and vowed revenge. Upon inventing a liquid paralytic that he can fire no matter where he would hit them, Jim took on the identity of Scorpion and embarked on a crime spree. Scorpion managed to hold up a stagecoach and the sound of his gun attracted the attention of Rawhide Kid. Rawhide Kid managed to tackle Scorpion who hit Rawhide Kid with a paralytic pellet and continued to rob the stagecoach where he made off with the payroll. Upon questioning the nearby town about Scorpion, Rawhide Kid learned that there had been an apothecary who had been around for four months which allowed Rawhide Kid to determine his identity. Rawhide Kid followed Jim to an abandoned mine, watched him change into Scorpion, and then confronted him. Their fight collapsed the mine and Rawhide Kid fell into an underground stream. Rawhide Kid recovered and went after Scorpion again. When Scorpion fired the paralytic pellet again, Rawhide Kid twisted Scorpion's wrist causing Scorpion to get hit by his own paralytic pellet. Rawhide Kid then turned Scorpion over to Dustville's sheriff.[9]

After six months in jail, Jim Evans managed to mix up a small amount of his stun potion in the prison workshop. He used it on a guard, grabbed his keys, and escaped from jail. Taking on the alias of Sting-Ray, Jim Evans went on another crime spree until he arrived in Bison Bend and decided to settle there as the base of his ultimate destiny as the Emperor of the West. Sting-Ray robbed a bunch of people at Bison Bend's square dance. Clay Riley and Sheriff Ben Brooks tried to stop him, but ended up victims of his stun pellets. Sting-Ray later kidnapped Sheriff Ben Brooks' daughter Natalie holding her hostage until he got the power he demanded. However, he was foiled by Phantom Rider who attacked Sting-Ray. Phantom Rider managed to defeat Sting-Ray and unmasked him after he was distracted by Natalie's shouting. The sheriff and his men arrived and chased after Phantom Rider.[10]

Elaine Coll

Elaine Coll is recruited by Silvermane from a mental hospital to become the new Scorpion. She opts to call herself Scorpia instead and is given robotic armor which enhanced her strength and speed 500 percent. Scorpia successfully brings Deathlok to Silvermane, and is ordered to ambush Spider-Man and Daredevil, who had infiltrated their base. She wears them down, but is then betrayed by Silvermane, who shoots her in the back. Scorpia follows Spider-Man and Daredevil to Silvermane's location, and once there immediately attacks him. Mainframe, another of Silvermane's mercenaries, takes control of Scorpia's cybernetic enhancements and uses her to attack Spider-Man. However, she soon regained mobility and blasted Silvermane. An explosion created by The Punisher knocked Scorpia off the building they were on, but a mentally conflicted Deathlok saved her. She then decided to flee the area, rather than be put in prison.[11]

Scorpia then joins the new Sinister Six (though there were seven members total). The team's main purpose was to stop Kaine from killing any more of Spider-Man's enemies. When Kaine disguised himself as Spider-Man and attacked Hobgoblin, Scorpia immediately joined the others in the battle. However, they were not accustomed to working together, much to Scorpia's disdain. Spider-Man eventually entered the battle and was able to defeat Scorpia herself. She also participated in another battle against Spider-Man with some of her former allies, and new ones such as Boomerang and Jack O' Lantern. She was defeated when Spider-Man threw Jack O'Lantern at her.

Much later, Scorpia fights Spider-Man and Black Cat, and is defeated when Black Cat rips her tail off.[12] She later reveals that she was hired by Alberto Ortega, the head of a local drug syndicate.[13]

During the "Infinity" storyline, Scorpia appears as one of the female villains in the employ of Caroline Le Fay. She helps fight off Thanos' forces and later battles the Fearless Defenders.[14] Scorpia remained in Le Fay's employ afterward, acting as one of her bodyguards during a meeting with the Mercs for Money.[15]

During the "Hunted" storyline, Scorpia is among the animal-themed characters that were captured by Taskmaster and Black Ant for Kraven the Hunter's Great Hunt which is sponsored by Arcade's company Arcade Industries. She was seen at a gathering held by Vulture.[16] She was later freed when Kraven the Hunter told Arcade to lower the force field around Central Park.[17]

Scorpia appears as a member of a female incarnation of the Sinister Syndicate. She states to Francine Frye that she heard about her frying the original Electro and stealing his schtick. The Sinister Syndicate begins their mission where they attack the F.E.A.S.T. building that Boomerang is volunteering at.[18] Beetle leads the Sinister Syndicate in attacking Boomerang. It was stated by Boomerang that he was the one who came up with the Sinister Syndicate name. After getting Aunt May to safety, Peter Parker changes into Spider-Man and helps Boomerang fight the Syndicate. The Syndicate starts doing their formation attack until Spider-Man accidentally sets off Boomerang's gaserang which knocks out Spider-Man enough for the Syndicate to make off with Boomerang. As Beetle has Electro write a proposal on how the Syndicate can use Boomerang as an example to the criminal underworld, Beetle leaves while calling Wilson Fisk that they caught Boomerang as she is given the information on where the exchange can happen. Scorpia later mentioned to the Syndicate members that Rhino once refused to arm wrestle her.[19] When Beetle returns to the headquarters, Scorpia is present when Mayor Wilson Fisk brings the full force of New York City to their headquarters demanding that they surrender Boomerang to him. The Syndicate then assists Spider-Man against Mayor Fisk's forces. After Spider-Man evacuates Boomerang, the Syndicate fights Mayor Fisk's forces while not killing them. The Syndicate is defeated and arrested by the police. Their transport is then attacked by an unknown assailant who frees them.[20]

Scorpia's cybernetic suit provides superhuman physical attributes derived from that of Scorpion. It can also project energy blasts and emit a micro-thin force field.

Carmilla Black

Carmilla Black first appeared in Amazing Fantasy vol. 2 #7 and was created by Fred Van Lente and Leonard Kirk. She became a member of S.H.I.E.L.D. in order to find her mother.

Other versions

Ultimate Marvel

The first Ultimate Marvel incarnation of Scorpion is one of Peter Parker's clones. Dressed like a scorpion and attacking the mall, he was revealed to be a mentally unstable clone that was fitted into a green armored suit.[21] This clone additionally had a mechanical tail grafted onto his spine that had the ability to shoot acid. The clone was eventually subdued by Spider-Man (Peter Parker) and taken to the Fantastic Four who eventually gave it to S.H.I.E.L.D..[22] At the end of the clone saga storyline, Nick Fury tells subordinates menacingly to "get to work" while walking out of the room the clone is being held in.[23]

A second version of Scorpion was Maximus Gargan, a tattooed Mexican mob boss that worked with the Prowler (Aaron Davis).[24] This Gargan is the second villain to take on the alias of Scorpion, the first being a deranged, imperfect clone of Peter Parker. He is shown to have very resistant skin, but may have other powers as well.[25] Once he arrived at New York, Gargan set his sights on becoming the new "Kingpin of New York", but was stopped by the efforts of an un-easy alliance of Spider-Man and Prowler.[26]

Scorpion 2099

Kron Stone appears in the Timestorm 2009–2099 as the alternate Marvel 2099 reality version of Scorpion.[27] Kron Stone was one of Miguel O'Hara's nightmares during high school, a bully used to do whatever he wanted thanks to the influence of his father Tyler Stone ready to solve any trouble the son caused. One evening, Kron was tormenting the lab animals in an Alchemax laboratory, using the powerful instruments found there. While toying with a gene splicer, Stone was attacked by a sudden surge of energy, resulting in an explosion, and his DNA was fused with that of a lab scorpion. The incident transformed Stone in a hulkling and monstrous beast, with his reason lost and the powerful instinct of an arachnid to guide him. Rejected by his father, he becomes obsessed with finding a way to reverse his mutation.

Earth-65

Jefferson Davis takes on the Scorpion name in Earth-65. He wears an electric charged suit, carries a scorpion themed staff and possesses some limited super speed. Jefferson works for the organization S.I.L.K. and fought Spider-Gwen, Silk, and Spider-Woman[28]

In other media

Television

  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears in the 1967 Spider-Man animated series, voiced by Carl Banas.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears in Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends, voiced by Neil Ross.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears in Spider-Man: The Animated Series, voiced initially by Martin Landau and later by Richard Moll.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion was set to appear on The Spectacular Spider-Man animated series had there been a third season but was canceled.[29][30][31]
  • An unnamed version of Scorpion appears in the Ultimate Spider-Man animated series, voiced by Dante Basco (in the season 2 episodes "Journey of the Iron Fist" and "Return of the Sinister Six"),[32] and by Eric Bauza (in the series finale "Graduation Day").[33] He also makes unspeaking appearances in the season 3 episodes "Agent Venom" and "New Warriors". This version is a composite character between the classic Scorpion and Iron Fist villain Steel Serpent, and is portrayed as a skilled yet arrogant warrior from K'un-L'un, who wields a long kusarigama resembling a scorpion tail and is Iron Fist's rival for the title of king of K'un-L'un; his original costume is also a reference to the Mortal Kombat character Scorpion. In his debut episode, Scorpion travels to New York to prevent Iron Fist from returning to K'un-L'un to compete in the upcoming tournament that will determine who shall be the king of K'un-L'un. Disguised as a ninja, Scorpion attacks Iron Fist and Spider-Man during their training session and, after a brief battle, he manages to hit Iron Fist with a poisoned dagger, before Spider-Man webs Scorpion up to a passing truck, that drags him away. Later, when Iron Fist and Spider-Man arrive in K'un-L'un for the tournament, Scorpion attacks Spider-Man, as no outsiders are allowed in K'un-L'un, and almost kills him with his kusarigama, but Iron Fist stops him, saying that Spider-Man is his guest. Angry that the outside world has made Iron Fist soft, Scorpion prepares to battle him, but is stopped by the Master of K'un-L'un. Afterwards, when the tournament is about to begin, the poison in the dagger that hit Iron Fist begins to take effect and it temporary blinds him, preventing Iron Fist from competing. Just when Scorpion is about to be declared the winner by default, Iron Fist names Spider-Man to compete in his place and the masters agree, much to both Scorpion and Spider-Man's surprise. Although Scorpion initially refuses to compete against an outsider, he eventually agrees and he and Spider-Man enter the tournament, during which Spider-Man realizes that Scorpion is the ninja that attacked him and Iron Fist earlier. Scorpion eventually reaches what he believes to be the finish line first, where he arrogantly dons the crown and lots of goldon coins begin to rain on him, but Spider-Man realizes that it's a trap and Scorpion is actually buried alive in gold. Spider-Man decides to save Scorpion rather than finish the race, but an ungrateful Scorpion attacks him and then crosses the real finish line before him. Spider-Man believes to have lost, but the masters declare him as the winner, as he showed humility and sacrificed his position in the race to save Scorpion's life, just like a real king would have done, and then praise Iron Fist for having chosen Spider-Man as his replacement. Angry at this, Scorpion tells Iron Fist that he dishonored K'un-L'un and then attacks him, but Iron Fist manages to defeat him, despite being blind, and tells him that it's him who dishonored K'un-L'un. Defeated, Scorpion begs for mercy and claims that he was blinded by his aroggance, but the masters end up exiling him out of K'un-L'un nevertheless and Scorpion leaves for New York. Scorpion returns in the episode "Return of the Sinister Six", where he is sprung out of Ryker's Island and joins Doctor Octopus's new "armored" Sinister Six, replacing the Beetle from the original incarnation; Scorpion's armor resembles Mac Gargan's costume from the comics, as it gives him giant lobster-like claws for hands and a mechanical scorpion attached to his back, except that, like all the other armors, it is grey. During the battle between the armored Sinister Six and Spider-Man, the S.H.I.E.L.D. trainees, and Iron Patriot, Scorpion fights Iron Fist and then helps with the attack on Iron Patriot, but is eventually defeated by Spider-Man. Scorpion later builds himself a new green armor, lacking the lobster claws, and is briefly seen in the season 3 episode "Agent Venom", where, following the battle between the Avengers and Loki's army of symbiote-infected aliens in the previous episode, a piece of the Venom symbiote has escaped and attached to Scorpion (a reference to the fact that Mac Gargan has been Venom in the comics). While looking for the missing piece of the symbiote through the city, Spider-Man is attacked by the symbiote-infected Scorpion. During their battle, Flash Thompson tries to help out Spider-Man while dressed as "Scarlet Spider", but he only endangers himself, forcing Spider-Man to constantly save Flash. Spider-Man eventually defeats Scorpion and removes the symbiote off him, but the symbiote later attaches to Flash instead, turning him into the superhero Agent Venom. In the episode "New Warriors", Scorpion is one of the escaped supervillains, alongside Doctor Octopus, Beetle, and the Green Goblin, during the battle between Taskmaster's team and Spider-Man's New Warriors. Along with his fellow supervillains - except for Green Goblin - Scorpion is eventually defeated by the New Warriors and imprisoned back on the S.H.I.E.L.D. Tri-carrier. Scorpion makes a cameo appearance in the episode "Contest of Champions" Part 1, where he is seen as a pawn in the Grandmaster's collection. In the two-part series finale "Graduation Day", Scorpion joins Doctor Octopus' "Superior Sinister Six", alongside Kraven the Hunter, a mind-controlled Rhino, a mind-controlled Vulture, and a mind-controlled Corssbones (whom Scorpion injects with a lizard DNA serum to transform him into the Lizard); Doctor Octopus has also upgraded Scorpion's armor, allowing him to turn invisible, and revealed to him Spider-Man's secret identity. Scorpion and Lizard-Crossbones are defeated by Spider-Man and his team inside one of Doctor Octopus' old labs and imprisoned at the Triskelion alongside the rest of the Superior Sinister Six, but they all break out and take over the Triskellion, imprisoning everyone inside a dome, except for Spider-Man, whom Doctor Octopus injects with a serum strips of his super-powers. However, Spider-Man manages to escape from the Triskellion and arrives at Oscorp, where Norman Osborn helps him get his powers back, despite the Superior Sinister Six bringing down the entire building in their attempt to stop them. Spider-Man then battles the Superior Sinister Six and manages to defeat Scorpion and Kraven, turn Vulture, Rhino and Lizard-Crossbones back to their human forms and free them from the mind-control, and redeem Doctor Octopus. In the aftermath, the Sinister Six are disbanded for good, with Scorpion and Kraven most likely being imprisoned back in the Triskellion.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears in Marvel's Spider-Man animated series, voiced by Jason Spisak.

Film

  • Mac Gargan appears in Spider-Man: Homecoming, played by Michael Mando. This version of the character takes inspiration from both the Ultimate and original versions of Scorpion, and is depicted as a ruthless and notorious gangster, with an extensive criminal record, rather than a private investigator, and has a scorpion tattoo on his neck. However, he doesn't become Scorpion in the film.
  • Scorpion appears in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, voiced by Joaquín Cosio. This version of the character is loosely based on the Ultimate/Maximus Gargan iteration of Scorpion and is an unnamed Hispanic gangster working under Kingpin, who has been cybernetically augmented, having his left arm replaced with a scorpion claw and his lower half now resembling a metal scorpion, complete with a tail, which gives him the appearance of a scorpion man. In the film, Scorpion accompanies Kingpin and his other henchmen - Doctor Octopus, Prowler, and Tombstone - to attack the spider-people at Aunt May's house, in order to reclaim the USB drive that can be used to disable the Alchemax Super Collider, which Kingpin plans to use to access different dimensions and reunite with an alternate version of his family, after his universe's versions died in a car crash. In the final battle at the Collider, Scorpion is defeated by the team-up of Spider-Man Noir, Peni Parker, and Spider-Ham. He is later seen being arrested by the police alongside Kingpin and those involved.

Video games

  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion was a boss in the Game Boy game The Amazing Spider-Man.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appeared in the Game Boy Color video game Spider-Man 2: The Sinister Six.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appeared in the arcade game Spider-Man: The Video Game.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appeared as a sub-boss in the Super NES and Genesis Spider-Man video game based on the animated series.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appeared as a boss in the Japanese only Super Famicom game Spider-Man: Lethal Foes.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears as a boss in the Neversoft Spider-Man, voiced by Daran Norris. He is also briefly seen in the game's sequel, Spider-Man 2: Enter Electro.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears as a boss in the 2002 multiple platform game Spider-Man video game, voiced by Mike McColl.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears as a boss in the Game Boy Advance game Spider-Man: Mysterio's Menace.
  • The Ultimate version of Scorpion is mentioned in the Ultimate Spider-Man video game. Spider-Man makes a reference to the clone.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears as a boss in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, voiced by Beau Weaver.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears as a boss in the Spider-Man 3 video game, voiced by Dee Bradley Baker. This version of the character is not portrayed as a villain, but rather an anti-hero, who is tortured and mind-controlled by an evil science corporation, forcing him to commit various crimes for them.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears as a boss and playable character in Spider-Man: Friend or Foe, voiced by Fred Tatasciore.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears as a boss in the Wii, PS2 and PSP versions of Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2, voiced by Jim Cummings. The Gargan version of Venom also appears as a boss and later a playable character, in all versions of the game.
  • The Kron Stone version of Scorpion appears in Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions, voiced by John Kassir. He seeks to steal a fragment of the Tablet of Order and Chaos for a mysterious scientist in exchange for her restoring his human form. The fragment also empowers him, allowing the Scorpion to lay eggs and create offspring that share his deadly abilities.[34][35]
  • Scorpion appears in The Amazing Spider-Man 2012 video game.[36][37] This version of the character is a scorpion-human hybrid, described as one of the results of Oscorp using Dr. Curt Conners's cross-species research to make super-humans, led by Alistaire Smythe. It is also explained that Oscorp physicist Otto Octavius made Scorpion by infusing a black fat–tailed scorpion with human DNA and "black goo"; Octavius calls his Scorpion creation by the name of "M.A.C." (My Astonishing Creation). Scorpion is the first of the cross-species to go bersek after he senses Peter Parker's (Spider-Man's alter ego) spider DNA during a tour with Gwen Stacy, and, alongside the other cross-species, escapes from Oscorp, infecting numerous civilians and causing chaos to slowly ensue in the city. Scorpion fights Spider-Man when he returns to Oscorp, but he defeats him and leaves him webbed up on the floor. Scorpion later escapes from Oscorp again and attacks a construction worker at the docks, but Spider-Man battles him once again and defeats him, before he is taken in by the police.
  • In The Amazing Spider-Man 2 video game, it is reavealed that the Scorpion cross-species has been hunted down and killed by Kraven the Hunter, as he is seen among his mounted trophies, alongside Iguana and Nattie.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2.
  • The Mac Gargan version of Scorpion appears in the 2018 Spider-Man video game,[38] voiced again by Jason Spisak.

See also

References

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  2. THE OSBORN SUPREMACY: Venom, Comic Book Resources, April 24, 2009
  3. Dan, Slott (July 27, 2010). "SDCC 10: Big Time for Spider-Man". IGN. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
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  7. Kid Colt, Outlaw #118. Marvel Comics.
  8. Brevoort, Tom; DeFalco, Tom; Manning, Matthew K.; Sanderson, Peter; Wiacek, Win (2017). Marvel Year By Year: A Visual History. DK Publishing. p. 106. ISBN 978-1465455505.
  9. Rawhide Kid #57. Marvel Comics.
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  13. Spider-Man/Black Cat: The Evil Men Do #3. Marvel Comics.
  14. Fearless Defenders #10
  15. Cullen Bunn (w), Salva Espin (p), Salva Espin (i), Guru-eFX (col), VC's Joe Sabino (let), Jordan D. White (ed). Deadpool & the Mercs for Money #2 (16 March 2016), United States: Marvel Comics
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  22. Ultimate Spider-Man #104. Marvel Comics.
  23. Ultimate Spider-Man #105. Marvel Comics.
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  27. Timestorm: 2009–2099 #1–3
  28. Spider-Gwen Vol. 2 #13
  29. Podcast 82 September 2009 Second hour of Spectacular Spider-Man Interview
  30. Ask Greg (Weisman): March 24, 2009
  31. Pepose, David. "ULTIMATE SPIDER-MAN: The Animated Series, Disney XD 2011". Newsarama. April 13, 2010.
  32. "Journey of the Iron Fist". Ultimate Spider-Man. Season 2. Episode 13. June 16, 2013. Disney XD.
  33. "Graduation Day Pt. 1". Ultimate Spider-Man. Season 4. Episode 25. January 7, 2017. Disney XD.
  34. "San Diego Comic-Con 2010: Spider-Man: Shattered Dimension Updates". Archived from the original on July 23, 2010. Retrieved July 22, 2010.
  35. "The Deadly Villains of Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions". IGN.
  36. http://marvel.com/news/video_games/18830/scorpion_stings_in_new_amazing_spider-man_video_game_trailer
  37. "E3 Trailer For The Amazing Spider-Man Game Shows Off New Character Designs". Comic Book Therapy. June 3, 2012.
  38. "Spider-Man E3 Gameplay Footage Reveals Electro, Rhino, Scorpion, And Vulture". Retrieved June 11, 2018.
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