Revagupti

Revagupti (pronounced rēvagupti) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a pentatonic scale (audava rāgam or owdava rāgam). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes).

Revagupti
ArohanamS R₁ G₃ P D₁ Ṡ
AvarohanamṠ D₁ P G₃ R₁ S
Carnatic music
Tanjavur-style Tambura
Concepts
Compositions
Instruments
Melody
Sarasvati Vīṇa
Veṇu
Nāgasvaraṃ
Gottuvadhyam (Citra Vīṇa)
Violin
Percussion
Mr̥daṅgaṃ
Ghatam
Morsing
Kanjira
Thavil
Drone
Tambura
Shruti box

It is a morning rāgam.[1][2] The similar scales in Hindustani music are Rewa and Bibhas.[2]

Structure and Lakshana
Revagupti scale with shadjam at C

Revagupti is a symmetric rāgam that does not contain madhyamam or nishādham. It is a symmetric pentatonic scale (audava-audava ragam[1][2] in Carnatic music classification – audava meaning 'of 5'). Its ascending and descending scale (ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure) is as follows:

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, shuddha rishabham, antara gandharam, panchamam and shuddha dhaivatham, as per Carnatic music notation and terms for the swaras. Revagupti is considered a janya rāgam of Mayamalavagowla, the 15th Melakarta rāgam, though it can be derived from 5 other melakarta rāgams by dropping both the madhyamam and nishādham.

Here are a few songs composed in Revagupti.[1]

  • Gopalaka Pahimam is the most popular krithi set in this raga by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal
  • Griha bala memi composed by Tyagaraja
  • Sada vinatu sadare by Muthuswami Dikshitar
  • Ni vera ganidhi and Purushottamuda by Annamacharya

Film Songs

Language:Tamil
Song Movie Composer Singer
Panniner Mozhiyaal Thiruvarutchelvar K. V. Mahadevan T. M. Soundararajan,Master Maharajan
Degam Pon Degam Anbulla Malare Ilaiyaraaja S. Janaki
Kozhi Koovum Vanna Vanna Pookkal S. P. Balasubrahmanyam,S. Janaki
Senthazham Poovil Mullum Malarum K.J. Yesudas
Kathiravanai Paarthu Pookkal Vidum Thoothu T. Rajendar
Ponmaanai Mythili Ennai Kaathali S. P. Balasubrahmanyam

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Scale similarities
  • Bhupalam rāgam differs from Revagupti only by the gāndhāram. It uses sadharana gāndhāram instead of antara gāndhāram and its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R1 G2 P D1 S : S D1 P G2 R1 S[1][2]
  • Bhauli rāgam uses an additional nishadam in descending scale, in comparison to Revagupti. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R1 G3 P D1 S : S N3 D1 P G3 R1 S[2]
  • Karnataka Shuddha Saveri rāgam uses shuddha madhyamam in place of antara gandharam of Revagupti. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R1 M1 P D1 S : S D1 P M1 R1 S

Notes
  1. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: S Ṟ G P Ḏ Ṡ
    • Western: C D♭ E G A♭ C
  2. Alternate notations:
    • Hindustani: Ṡ Ḏ P G Ṟ S
    • Western: C A♭ G E D♭ C

References
  1. Ragas in Carnatic music by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
  2. Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
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