Rail transport in Cambodia

The French colonial government built the first line, running from Phnom Penh to Poipet on the Thai border, between 1930 and 1940, with Phnom Penh Railway Station opening in 1932. The final connection with Thailand was completed by Royal State Railways in 1942. However, the service from Bangkok to Battambang was suspended when the French Indochinese Government resumed sovereignty over Battambang and the Sisophon area from Thailand on 17 December 1946, as Thailand was seen as a supporter of Khmer Issarak, the anti-French, Khmer nationalist political movement.

Route[10]

Phnom Penh - Pursat - Moung Ruessei - Battambang - Sisophon - Poipet

In 1955 Australia donated rolling stock, described as "railway wagons of various types", worth at the time £A 441,000, and "needed for new rail links." [11] Assistance from France, West Germany, and the People's Republic of China between 1960 and 1969 supported the construction of the second line, which runs from Phnom Penh to Sihanoukville on the southern coast to cut down the reliance on Saigon Port of Vietnam and Khlong Toei Port of Thailand. In 1960, Australia provided four third-class passenger carriages under the Colombo Plan.[12] Rail service ceased during the war but resumed in the early 1980s. Guerrilla activities, however, continued to disrupt service.

Railway Station - Phnom Penh 2012

Rehabilitation of Poipet-Sisophon railway, as seen in 2012

Railways near Battambang
(still used by the bamboo trains)

Opening on April 2016

However, by 2008 the service between Phnom Penh and Battambang had been reduced from daily to weekly service due to the lack of funds to maintain the tracks and rolling stock. Even the new diesel-electric locomotives from China could not run on the tracks due to the dilapidated condition. Derailing of trains in operation was not infrequent. As reported by the Phnom Penh Post in October 2008, the national railway earned merely $2 million per year; the annual freight amount stood at 350,000, and the passenger count at 500,000.[13]

The last regular rail service in Cambodia between Phnom Penh and Battambang was suspended entirely in early 2009, however in June of that year Australian business Toll Holdings was awarded the contract to begin reconstruction of Cambodia's rail network and to operate it once complete.[14] It is envisioned that this line would reopen by mid-2013, together with the track further west to the Thai border, allowing for direct rail services into Cambodia from Bangkok for the first time in over 60 years.[15]

In March 2012, Toll said that it would suspend its involvement in the railway project due to delays, caused by lack of equipment, 2011's flood rains, and the resettlement of thousands of Cambodians.[16] The line from Phnom Penh to the deep water port at Sihanoukville was also scheduled to be reopened in 2011.[2] However, the company came back in late July and said it will start transporting construction materials needed to build the southern line from 1 August.

The Australian government and the Asian Development Bank was said to spend $26 million to help rebuild Cambodia's rail system, the majority of the Northern and Southern lines in Cambodia.[17] The project, if all up, would cost $143 million, with the disruption exposed in a report by the international consortium funding the $143 million project - Australia's international aid agency AusAID and the Asian Development Bank. 641 kilometers of track will be rehabilitated with the aim of integrating Cambodia with the regional network such as Vietnam and Thailand; however,about 1,400 families who are living in shanty towns, have been affected and 1050 families have had to move.[18] The report which was prepared by AusAID and Asian Development Bank experts in April 2012 pointed out poor construction and botched surveys leading to evictions of families, infighting between contractors, delays and cost overruns.

In June 2012, Cambodia was discussing with the Chinese government on funding for a 250-kilometre stretch of rail line between Cambodia and Vietnam.[19] Var Sim Sorya, director general of Ministry of Public Works and Transportation said: "China doesn’t have so many conditions, but Chinese technicians are still well-studied," he said yesterday at a workshop on infrastructure, although he did not specify which conditions were undesirable.[17]

The line between Phnom Penh and the South opened to travellers in April 9, 2016.[20]

It was announced in March 2018 that the line from Poipet to Sisophon would begin operations on April 4, 2018. [21] Subsequently, operations were further extended to Battambang on 29 April, with plans to open the line to Pursat on 29 May. It was also reported that new railway routes were being studied by private companies. [22]

Royal Cambodian Railways[23]

• Date: c. 1956
• Route: Connections with railways in Thailand and Vietnam
• Gauge: 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 ³⁄₈ in)
• Route length: 242 miles
• Locomotives: 23 - it appears that 19 of these still exist and one (RRC No. 231-501 4-6-2) is operational[24]

• Trans-Asian Railway network planned -[27]
• Link proposed Aranyaprathet, Thailand to Sisophon, Cambodia
• Malaysia offer to donate rails and sleepers to Cambodia, to help them complete the missing links, which would be of value to all countries in the vicinity.
• 17 November 2006 - To complete a missing link in the Singapore-Kunming rail route, Malaysia has donated rails to Cambodia which will be used to connect Poipet to Sisophon (48 km).[28] According to Transport Minister Datuk Seri Chan Kong Choy, the rail was lifted from the old Rawang-Ipoh section where a new electrified double line has been built. A link between Cambodia and Vietnam including a crossing of the Mekong River is still required. The completed Singapore-Kunming line is expected to promote increased trade with China.
• 16 December 2006 - The Asian Development Bank is advancing a loan together with the donation in kind of rails from Malaysia will see restoration of the link with Thailand.

• ADB and OPEC agree to lend $80m for Aranyaprathet to Sisophon link with completion in 2010.[29]
• $500m is needed for another 254 km link from Phnom Penh to Lộc Ninh.[29]

• November, 2008 - agreement for Vietnam - Cambodia link[30]
• October–November: A 30-year agreement is prepared with Australia's Toll Holdings to upgrade the national railway system, restore the link from the present western railhead at Sisophon to the Thai railhead at Poipet, and to construct a new 225-km line linking Cambodian railways to the Vietnamese railhead of Lộc Ninh. The renovation of the existing lines, to be carried out in 50 km segments, is expected to take 2–3 years. The link to Vietnam would involve construction of two major bridges: one across the Tonlé Sap River, and another across the Mekong River in Kampong Cham Province. The Cambodian government is hoping to get assistance from China to finance the project.[13]

• June 12 Toll Holdings and Royal Group sign concession agreement.[14]

• October Touk Meas to Phnom Penh reopens for freight.[2]

• March Toll Holdings publicly announced that it would suspend its work for a year due to refurbishment delays.
• August 1 the company started transporting construction materials to build the Southern line.

• July 25 a ground-breaking ceremony was held in Poipet as work to reinstate the cross-border railway to Thailand was begun.[31]

• August work is expected to begin on rehabilitation of the line between Phnom Penh and Sisophon.[32]

• April 9 - Opening to travellers of the line Phnom Penh and the South (Sihanoukville, Kampot).

• April 4 - Opening of the line between Poipet and Sisophon
• April 29 - Extension of service from Sisophon to Battambang
• May 29 - (scheduled) Extension of service from Battambang to Pursat
• July 04 - Extension of service from Pursat to Phnom Penh

• April 22 - Resumption of cross-border rail service between Poipet and Aranyaprathet. [33]