Potamoi

Mythology

The river gods were the 3000 sons of the great earth-encircling river Oceanus and his wife Tethys and the brothers of the Oceanids.[1] They were also the fathers of the Naiads. The river gods were depicted in one of three forms: a man-headed bull, a bull-headed man with the body of a serpent-like fish from the waist down, or as a reclining man with an arm resting upon an amphora jug pouring water.

Notable river gods include:

  • Achelous, the god of the Achelous River, the largest river in Greece, who gave his daughter in marriage to Alcmaeon,[2] and was defeated by Heracles in a wrestling contest for the right to marry Deianira.[3]
  • Alpheus, who fell in love with the nymph Arethusa, pursuing her to Syracuse, where she was transformed into a spring by Artemis.[4]
  • Inachus, the first king of Argos and progenitor of Argive line through his son grandson Argus.
  • Nilus, Egyptian river god and the father of numerous daughters that mingled with the descendants of Inachus, forming a dynasty of kings in Egypt, Libya, Arabia and Ethiopia.
  • Peneus, river god of Thessaly flowing from the foot of Pindus. He was the father of Daphne and Stilbe, love interests of the god Apollo.
  • Scamander, who fought on the side of the Trojans during the Trojan War, and, offended when Achilles polluted his waters with the a large number of Trojan corpses, overflowed his banks nearly drowning Achilles.[5]

List of Potamoi

The following are the sons of Oceanus and Tethys:[6][7][8]

LIST OF RIVER GODS ACCORDING TO VARIOUS SOURCES
Name of River River god Sources Location Son of Oceanus and Tethys
Hes. Ovid Apol. Plut. Hyg. Pau. Others
Achelous or Akheloios ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Aetolia ✓
Acheron ✓ ✓ ✓ Underworld and Thesprotia *presumably
Acis Changed into a river ✓ Sicily son of Pan and nymph Symaethis
Acragas ? Sicily
Aeas ✓ ✓ Epirus *
Aegaeus ✓ Apollonius Scheria (Corcyra) *
Aesar ✓ Strabo Tyrrhenia or Etruria *
Aesepus ✓ ✓ Troad ✓
Almo ✓ ✓ Latium *
Alpheus ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Arcadia ✓
Amnisos ✓ Apollonius,

Callimachus

 Crete *
Amphrysos ✓ ✓ Thessaly *
Anapos ✓ ✓ Nonnus Sicily *
Anauros ? Thessaly
Anigros ✓ Strabo Elis *
Apidanus ✓ ✓ Thessaly *
Arar River named after ✓ Gallia Celtica (Celtic Gaul)
Araxes River named after ✓ Armenia son of Pylus
Ardescus ✓ ✓ Thrace ✓
Arnos ✓ Strabo Etruria *
Ascanius ✓ ✓ Antoninus Mysia *
Asopus ✓ ✓ ✓ Boeotia and Argos ✓; some accounts, son of Zeus and Eurynome or Poseidon and either Pero or Celusa
Asterion ✓ ✓ Argos *
Axenus or Axius ✓ ✓ Paeonia and Macedonia ✓
Baphyras ? Pieria
Borysthenes ✓ Antoninus Scythia *
Brychon ✓ Lycophron Chersonnese *
Caanthus ✓ ✓ ✓
Caicinus ✓ ✓ Bruttium *
Caicus ✓ ✓ ✓ Teuthrania, Mysia ✓
Cayster ✓ ✓ Lydia *
Cebren ✓ ✓ ✓ Parthenius Troad *
Cephissus ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Phocis, Attica, Argos ✓
Chremetes ✓ Nonnus Libya *
Cladeus or Kladeos ? ✓ Elis *
Clitumnus ? Umbria *
Cocytus ✓ Oppian Underworld and Thesprotia *
Cratais ✓ ✓ *
Crinisus ✓ Virgil, Lycophron Sicily *
Cydnos ✓ Nonnus Cilicia *
Cytheros ? ✓ Elis *
Elisson ? Statius Achaea *
Enipeus ✓ ✓ ✓ Thessaly *
Erasinus ✓ ✓ Argos *
Eridanus ✓ ✓ Hyperborea, Attica ✓
Erymanthus ✓ ✓ Aelian Attica *
Euphrates ✓ ✓ ✓ Assyria ✓
Eurotas ✓ River named after ✓ ✓ ✓ Laconia son of Lelex and Cleocharia or of Myles
Evenus or ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Aetolia ✓ ; some accounts, a mortal son of Ares and either Demodice or Stratonice who flung himself to the river Lycormas
Lycormas
Ganges ✓ ✓ ✓ India *
Granicus ✓ ✓ ✓ Troad ✓
Haliacmon ✓ ✓ Macedonia ✓
Halys ✓ Apollonius, Valerius Flaccus Paphlygonia and Pontos *
Hebrus ✓ ✓ Lucian Ciconia, Thrace *
Heptaporus ✓ ✓ Troad ✓
Hermus ✓ ✓ Lydia *
Hydaspes ✓ ✓ Nonnus India ✓; son of Thaumas and Electra
Ilissos ✓ Plato Attica *
Imbrasos ✓ Athenaeus Samos *
Inachus ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Argos ✓
Indus ✓ ✓ ✓ India or Caria ✓
Inopos ✓ Callimachus Delos *
Ismenus ✓ ✓ ✓ Boeotia ✓
Istrus or Ister ✓ ✓ Scythia ✓
Ladon ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Arcadia ✓
Lamos ✓ Nonnus Cilicia or Boeotia ✓
Marsyas River named after ✓ Phrygia a satyr; son of Hyagnis and either Olympus or Oeagrus
Maeander ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Caria ✓
Meles ✓ Hellanicus, Eugaeon Lydia *
Mincius ✓ Virgil Gallia, Italy *
Nestos or Nessus ✓ ✓ Bistonia, Thrace ✓
Nilus or Nile ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Egypt ✓
Numicius ✓ ✓ Latium, Italy *
Nymphaeus ? Quintus Smyrnaeus Bithynia and Paphlagonia
Orontes ✓ ✓ Syria ✓
Pactolus ✓ ✓ Nonnus Lydia *
Parthenius ✓ ✓ Paphlagonia ✓
Phasis ✓ ✓ ✓ Colchis ✓
Phlegethon or Pyriphlegethon ✓ Virgil, Statius Underworld son of Cocytus
Phyllis ✓ Apollonius Thynia, Anatolia *
Peneus ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Thessaly ✓
Pleistos ✓ Apollonius Phocis *
Porpax ? Sicily
Rhesus ✓ ✓ Troad ✓
Rhine ✓ Nonnus Switzerland/Germany/Netherlands *
Rhodius ✓ ✓ Troad ✓
Rhyndacus ✓ Nonnus Phrygia and Bithynia *
Sangarius or Sagaris ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Phrygia ✓
Satnioeis ? Homer Troad
Scamander ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Troad ✓
Selemnus ? ✓ Achaea
Simoeis ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Troad ✓
Spercheus ✓ ✓ Malis
Strymon ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Edonia, Thrace ✓
Symaethus ✓ ✓ Sicily *
Tanais ✓ ✓ ✓ Scythia ✓
Termessus ✓ ✓ Boeotia *
Thermodon ✓ ✓ ✓ Pontos and Assyria ✓
Tiberinus ✓ Virgil Latium, Italy *
Tigris ✓ ✓ ✓ Assyria ✓
Titaressus ? Homer, Strabo, Seneca Thessaly
TOTAL 25 25 17

See also

Notes
  1. Hesiod, Theogony 337–345, 366–370.
  2. Apollodorus, 3.7.5.
  3. Apollodorus, 1.8.1, 2.7.5.
  4. Smith, "Alpheius".
  5. Homer, Iliad 20.74, 21.211 ff..
  6. Hyginus, Fabulae: "Preface"
  7. Hesiod, Theogony, 334
  8. Pseudo-Plutarch, On Rivers

References
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