Porsche Cayenne

The Porsche Cayenne is a mid-size luxury crossover sport utility vehicle produced by the German manufacturer Porsche since 2002, with North American sales beginning in 2003. It is the first V8-engined vehicle built by Porsche since 1995, when the Porsche 928 was discontinued. It is also Porsche's first off-road variant vehicle since its Super and Junior tractors of the 1950s, and the first Porsche with four doors. Since 2008, all engines have featured direct injection technology.

Porsche Cayenne
Porsche Cayenne (third generation)
Overview
ManufacturerPorsche AG
Production2002–present
Model years2003–present
Assembly
  • 2002–2016: Slovakia: Bratislava
  • (Volkswagen Bratislava Plant)
  • (body assembly, paint, engine, gearbox, drivetrain, under chassis, wheels)
  • Germany: Leipzig (Porsche Leipzig GmbH)
  • (interior, finishing, inspection)
  •  
  • 2015–2017: Germany: Osnabrück (Volkswagen Osnabrück Plant)
  • (interior, finishing, inspection)
  •  
  • 2017–present: Slovakia: Bratislava (Volkswagen Bratislava Plant)[1]
Body and chassis
ClassMid-size luxury crossover SUV
LayoutFront engine, four-wheel drive

The second-generation Cayenne (Type 92A) was unveiled at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show in March following an online reveal. The Cayenne shares its platform, body frame, doors and electronics with the similar Volkswagen Touareg and Audi Q7. The second generation received a facelift in 2014 with minor external changes, and introduced a new plug-in E-Hybrid version, with its public launch at the Paris Motor Show.[2]

First generation (2003–2010)
First generation (9PA) Chassis E1
Overview
Production2002–2010
Model years2003–2010
Body and chassis
Body style5-door SUV
PlatformVolkswagen Group PL71 platform
RelatedVolkswagen Touareg
Audi Q7
Ruf Dakara
Powertrain
Enginegasoline
3.2 L 250 hp (186 kW) VR6
3.6 L 290 hp (216 kW) VR6
4.5 L 340 hp (254 kW) V8 (S)
4.5 L 450 hp (336 kW) V8 TT (Turbo)
4.5 L 521 hp (389 kW) V8 TT (Turbo S)
4.8 L 385 hp (287 kW) V8 (S)
4.8 L 405 hp (302 kW) V8 (GTS)
4.8 L 493 hp (370 kW) V8 TT (Turbo)
4.8 L 542 hp (400 kW) V8 TT (Turbo S)
diesel
3.0 L 240 hp (179 kW) V6 Turbo-diesel
Transmission6-speed automatic
6-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,855 mm (112.4 in)
Length4,780 mm (188.2 in)
Turbo: 4,783 mm (188.3 in)
Width1,928 mm (75.9 in)
Height1,700 mm (66.9 in)

The Porsche Cayenne 955 entered the market with mixed anticipation. However, it soon proved that it was the performance vehicle among SUVs and was praised for its excellent handling and powerful engines.[3] The lineup initially consisted of the V8-powered Cayenne S and Cayenne Turbo. Later in the model cycle, VR6 and diesel-powered versions joined the lineup.

The base model is powered by a VW 3.2-L VR6 engine producing 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp). Intake manifold is unique to Porsche, but otherwise engine is very similar to standard VW engine. Acceleration from 0–100 km/h (62 mph) is 9.3 seconds with the manual transmission and 9.7 seconds with the Tiptronic S.

Facelift Porsche Cayenne 3.6 (Australia)

Cayenne S
Pre–facelift Porsche Cayenne S (Australia)

The S is powered by an 8-cylinder engine with a dry-sump lubrication system and infinitely variable valve timing. It produces 344.7 PS (254 kW; 340 hp) and 310 lb⋅ft (420 N⋅m) of torque. Acceleration from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) takes 6.9 seconds and the top speed is 150 mph (241 km/h).[4]

Introduced only for 2006 (Pre-GTS concept), a special distinctive Cayenne S Titanium Edition Wagon (9PA), a 1 Year Exclusive, limited production SUV featuring a lightweight steel body, Featuring an aluminum Hood (it is lighter than the Cayenne S), titanium-painted accented body parts, side lower rocker body panels, Sport-Quad Tip Exhaust chrome tailpipes, 19" titanium painted alloy wheels, bi-xenon headlights, two-tone interior upholstery, Porsche PCM 2.0 w/ trip computer navigation, MP3 audio and Bose cabin surround sound. This Porsche Design S(Ti) is also powered by an alloy 4.5L V8 engine with a dry-sump lubrication system and variable valve timing. The Cayenne S(Ti) engine produces 344.7 PS (254 kW; 340 hp) and 310 lb·ft (420 N·m) of torque. Acceleration is even quicker than the regular Cayenne S from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) at sub 6.2 seconds and the top speed is 150+ mph. It featured sport tuned suspension, Aerodynamic Sports Body Package, and includes a low-range case, a locking differential and six-speed automatic Tiptronic transmission (See S, Turbo & Turbo S).

Cayenne GTS

The GTS 957 is powered with a 405 PS (298 kW; 399 hp) 4.8 L V8 and features a sport suspension and 21-inch (533 mm) wheels. It is lighter than the Cayenne S and has an aerodynamic body kit. The Porsche Cayenne GTS has a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) time of 5.7 seconds. A six-speed manual transmission is also offered.[5]

Cayenne Turbo and Turbo S
Porsche Cayenne Turbo (UK; facelift)

The first-generation Cayenne Turbo 995 has 450 PS (331 kW), and can accelerate from 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 5.3 seconds.[4] A Turbo S version was built in 2006 to compete with the Mercedes-Benz ML 63 AMG. The Cayenne Turbo and Turbo S include a low-range case, a locking differential, and height-adjustable, off-road suspension. The Turbo S is powered by a twin-turbocharged 4.5 L V8 that produces 521 PS (383 kW; 514 hp) and 720 N⋅m (530 lb⋅ft) of torque; Acceleration from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) takes 5.0 seconds and the top speed is 171 mph (275 km/h); It features a six-speed automatic Tiptronic transmission.

In 2008 an updated Turbo model 957, featuring a larger 4.8-L engine, was revealed at the Beijing Auto Show. It produces 50 PS (37 kW; 49 hp) more power, and can accelerate from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 4.9 seconds.[6] Also revealed with the new Turbo, was a new 550 hp (410 kW) Turbo S model. Acceleration from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) for that car takes 4.7 seconds and it can be had with optional ceramic composite brakes.

Cayenne Diesel

Porsche has sold a diesel version of the Cayenne, powered by a 3.0-L V6 VW TDI engine, since February 2009.[7] The engine is rated at 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) and 550 N⋅m (410 lb⋅ft) of torque. The car was unveiled at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show.[8] The diesel can accelerate from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 9.2 seconds.

Cayenne S Transsyberia

The Cayenne S Transsyberia was originally a racing vehicle designed for Transsyberia rally, only 26 were built.[9]

The street version was later built to commemorate Porsche's victory in the Transsyberia rally. It is a variant with the 405 hp (302 kW) direct-inject 4.8-L V8 from the Cayenne GTS. Sales began in January 2009, with a production run of 600 road vehicles.[10]

Cayenne GTS Porsche Design Edition 3 (2010)

In May 2009,[11] a limited edition version based on the Cayenne GTS was introduced, designed by Porsche Design Studio and included a Porsche Design chronograph Type P’6612. Production was limited to 1000 units, 100 in the USA.[12]

Engines
ModelProduction periodEnginePower (PS, torque) at rpm
Cayenne 9552003-20063,189 cc (3.2 L; 194.6 cu in) VR6250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 6,000, 310 N⋅m (229 lb⋅ft) at 2,500
Cayenne 9572008-20103,598 cc (3.6 L; 219.6 cu in) VR6290 PS (213 kW; 286 hp) at 6,200, 385 N⋅m (284 lb⋅ft) at 3,000
Cayenne S 9552002-20064,511 cc (4.5 L; 275.3 cu in) V8344.7 PS (254 kW; 340 hp) at 6,000, 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) at 2,500
Cayenne S Titanium Edition 9552006 only4,511 cc (4.5 L; 275.3 cu in) V8344.7 PS (254 kW; 340 hp) at 6,000, 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) at 2,500
Cayenne S 9572008-20104,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) V8385 PS (283 kW; 380 hp) at 6,200, 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 3,500
Cayenne S Transsyberia 95720094,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) V8405 PS (298 kW; 399 hp) at 6,500, 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 3,500
Cayenne GTS 9572008-20104,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) V8405 PS (298 kW; 399 hp) at 6,500, 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 3,500
Cayenne GTS Porsche Design Edition 32009-20094,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) V8405 PS (298 kW; 399 hp) at 6,500, 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 3,500
Cayenne Turbo 9552002-20064,511 cc (4.5 L; 275.3 cu in) twin turbo V8450 PS (331 kW; 444 hp) at 6,000, 620 N⋅m (457 lb⋅ft) at 2,250
Cayenne Turbo 9572008-20104,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) twin turbo V8500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) at 6,000, 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) at 4,500
Cayenne Turbo S 95520064,511 cc (4.5 L; 275.3 cu in) twin turbo V8520 PS (382 kW; 513 hp) at 5,500, 720 N⋅m (531 lb⋅ft) at 2,750
Cayenne Turbo S 9572008-20104,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) twin turbo V8550 PS (405 kW; 542 hp) at 6,000, 750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) at 2,250
Cayenne Diesel 9572009-20102,967 cc (3.0 L; 181.1 cu in) turbo V6240 PS (176 KW; 237 hp) at 4,000, 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft) at 2,000

Second generation (2011–2018)
Second generation (92A) Chassis E2
Overview
Production2010–2017
Model years2011–2018
Body and chassis
Body style5-door SUV
PlatformVolkswagen Group PL72 platform
RelatedVolkswagen Touareg
Powertrain
Enginegasoline
3.0 S/C V6 333PS
3.6 VR6 300PS
4.8 V8 400PS / 420PS
4.8 T V8 500PS / 550PS
diesel
3.0 V6 250PS
4.1 V8 385 PS
Transmission6-Speed ZF manual [13]
8-Speed Aisin Tiptronic S automatic[14]
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,895 mm (114.0 in)
Length4,846 mm (190.8 in) (2010-14)
4,855 mm (191.1 in)(2014-)
Width1,938 mm (76.3 in) (2010-14)
1,939 mm (76.3 in)(2014-)
Height1,705 mm (67.1 in)
Curb weight2,085–2,215 kg (4,597–4,883 lb)

The second-generation Porsche Cayenne 958 went on sale in April–May 2010 as a 2011 model, with an official debut at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show. In preparation for the unveiling, the Cayenne production facility in Leipzig, Germany, closed in December 2009 to commence factory retooling for the new model, a process that took 2–3 months.

Porsche Cayenne S (Australia; pre-facelift)
Porsche Cayenne V6 Diesel (UK; facelift)
Porsche Cayenne V6 Diesel (UK; facelift)

The 2011 Porsche Cayenne is larger than its predecessors, but features a more slanted rear window, less upright windshield, a more sloping roofline, door-mounted mirrors, smaller windows at the rear of the vehicle, headlights inspired by the Carrera GT, taillights that extend onto the car's tailgate, LED daytime running lights and a vastly redesigned interior much like Panamera.[15] The 2011 Cayenne is almost 250 kg (551 lb) lighter than the previous models due to removing the low-range transfer case making it slightly more fuel efficient than the previous lineup. More use of aluminium and magnesium too helped shave [16] Despite its lower stance, the new vehicle's off-road capabilities have been retained without compromising the street performance-oriented layout and design. In addition to a diesel offering, a hybrid version is available.[17] Also, model year 2013 - 2016 diesel Porsche Cayennes are included in the Volkswagen emissions scandal.

Standard features of the 2011 Porsche Cayenne include air conditioning with dual-zone climate controls, interior air filter, tilt/telescopic leather-wrapped steering wheel with radio controls, cruise control, leather upholstery, eight-way power front seats, outside-temperature indicator, and universal garage door opener in the base model. The Cayenne S adds a power sunroof and memory for the driver's seat.[16] The Cayenne GTS added an optional rearview camera, keyless access and start, and memory system. Finally, the most upscale Cayenne Turbo and Turbo S added a navigation system with voice recognition, optional four-zone climate controls, heated rear seats, premium sound system with six-disc CD changer.[18]

The Cayenne's naturally aspirated and turbocharged V8 engines are shared with the Panamera and have been upgraded for faster acceleration times with more horsepower and torque, as well as more powerful direct-injection technology to improve efficiency. The base Cayenne model Cayenne is tuned to offer 300 hp.

Porsche Cayenne hybrid drivetrain

The Cayenne comes powered by a 3.6-L VR6 engine producing 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp), the Cayenne S features the same 4.8-L V8 in the Panamera S models producing 400 PS (294 kW; 395 hp) and the Cayenne Turbo comes with Panamera Turbo's 4.8 L twin turbo V8 producing 500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp).[16] The Cayenne S Hybrid uses an Volkswagen-sourced 3.0-L V6 engine producing 333 PS (245 kW; 328 hp), paired with a nickel metal hydride battery capable of 47 PS (35 kW; 46 hp), for a total of 380 PS (279 kW; 375 hp).[19] A manual gearbox serves as the standard transmission system on the base Cayenne, with all other models featuring an eight-speed Tiptronic as standard equipment. The low-range transfer case found in the previous generation has been removed. All vehicles will feature about 10% less weight than their predecessors, 70 kg worth of standard equipment in excess of that found on the current model and a more heavily contoured rear bench.

Available Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control (PDCC) active anti-roll bars,[20] Adaptive air suspension and Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM).

In September 2012 Porsche announced the Cayenne S Diesel.[21] This model is fitted with the Volkswagen 4.1-L V8 TDI engine. In October 2012, Porsche confirmed the addition of a new Cayenne Turbo S.[22]

In July 2014, Porsche launched a facelifted Cayenne range, with minor exterior alterations and new power-train options, including a plug-in E-Hybrid and downsizing of the S model's 4.8-L V8 to a turbocharged 3.6-L V6.

Hybrid

At the IAA 2005, Porsche announced it would produce a hybrid version of the Cayenne before 2010 (Porsche Cayenne Hybrid). [23]Two years later, at the IAA 2007, Porsche presented a functioning Cayenne Hybrid and demonstration model of the drivetrain.[24]

Notable modifications to this car include an electric vacuum pump and hydraulic steering pump, allowing the car to function even when the engine is deactivated. A 288-volt nickel metal hydride battery is placed under the boot floor, occupying the space normally used for a spare tire.[25]

The production version, called the 'S' Hybrid, was launched in 2010, with a 3.0-L petrol V6 linked with an electric motor to achieve CO
2 emissions of 193 g/km.[26] The S Hybrid was launched in the U.S. market in November 2010.[27]

Plug-in hybrid
Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid charging port.
Porsche badge for its plug-in hybrid variants.

In July 2014, Porsche announced the launch of the Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid, a plug-in hybrid with an all-electric range between 18 and 36 km (11 and 22 mi) under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) standard. The plug-in model displaced the Cayenne S Hybrid from the line up, and it is part of the revised range. The Cayenne S E-Hybrid is the first plug-in hybrid in the premium SUV segment, allowing Porsche to become the first automaker with three production plug-in hybrid models.[28] Deliveries in Germany were scheduled to begin in October 2014.[29] Sales in the U.S. began in November 2014.[30]

EPA fuel economy ratings

The following are the official EPA ratings of the Cayenne S E-Hybrid compared with the others models of the 2015 line up available in the U.S.:

VehicleModel
year		Operating
mode
(AER)		EPA fuel economy ratings[31]
CombinedCityHighway
Porsche Cayenne S E-Hybrid2015Electricity
and gasoline
(14 mi)		47 mpg-e
(69 kWh/100 mi)		--
Gasoline only22 mpg--
Porsche Cayenne Diesel2015Diesel only23 mpg20 mpg29 mpg
Porsche Cayenne S2015Gasoline only20 mpg17 mpg24 mpg
Porsche Cayenne Turbo2015Gasoline only17 mpg14 mpg21 mpg

Engines
ModelProduction periodEnginePower (PS, torque) at rpmEmissions CO
2
Cayenne2010-20143,598 cc (3.6 L; 219.6 cu in) VR6300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) at 6,300, 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) at 3,000236 g/km
Cayenne2014-20183,598 cc (3.6 L; 219.6 cu in) VR6300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) at 6,300, 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) at 3,000215 g/km
Cayenne S2010-20144,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) V8400 PS (294 kW; 395 hp) at 6,000, 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 3,500245 g/km
Cayenne S2015-20183,604 cc (3.6 L; 219.9 cu in) twin turbo V6420 PS (309 kW; 414 hp) at 6,000, 500 N⋅m (369 lb⋅ft) at 1,350223 g/km
Cayenne S Hybrid2010-20142,995 cc (3.0 L; 182.8 cu in) supercharged V6333 PS (245 kW; 328 hp) at 5,250, 440 N⋅m (325 lb⋅ft) at 3,000193 g/km
Cayenne S E-Hybrid2014-20182,995 cc (3.0 L; 182.8 cu in) supercharged V6 PHEV416 PS (306 kW; 410 hp) at 5,500, 590 N⋅m (435 lb⋅ft) at 3,00079 g/km
Cayenne GTS2010-20144,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) V8420 PS (309 kW; 414 hp) at 6,500, 515 N⋅m (380 lb⋅ft) at 3,500251 g/km
Cayenne GTS2015-20183,604 cc (3.6 L; 219.9 cu in) twin turbo V6440 PS (324 kW; 434 hp) at 6,000, 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) at 1,600228 g/km
Cayenne Turbo2010-20144,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) twin turbo V8500 PS (368 kW; 493 hp) at 6,000, 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) at 2,250270 g/km
Cayenne Turbo2014-20184,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) twin turbo V8520 PS (382 kW; 513 hp) at 6,000, 750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) at 2,250261 g/km
Cayenne Turbo S2010-20144,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) twin turbo V8550 PS (405 kW; 542 hp) at 6,000, 750 N⋅m (553 lb⋅ft) at 2,250270 g/km
Cayenne Turbo S2015-20184,806 cc (4.8 L; 293.3 cu in) twin turbo V8570 PS (419 kW; 562 hp) at 6,000, 800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) at 2,500267 g/km
Cayenne Diesel2010-20112,967 cc (3.0 L; 181.1 cu in) turbo V6240 PS (176 KW; 237 hp) at 4,000, 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft) at 2,000
Cayenne Diesel2011-20142,967 cc (3.0 L; 181.1 cu in) turbo V6245 PS (180 kW; 242 hp) at 4,000, 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft) at 1,750189 g/km
Cayenne Diesel2014-20182,967 cc (3.0 L; 181.1 cu in) turbo V6262 PS (193 kW; 258 hp) at 4,000, 580 N⋅m (428 lb⋅ft) at 1,750173 g/km
Cayenne S Diesel2014-20188,134 cc (8.1 L; 496.4 cu in) twin turbo v81,285 PS (945 kW; 1,267 hp) at 3,750, 850 N⋅m (627 lb⋅ft) at 2,000209 g/km

Guinness World Record

On 1 May 2017, a 2017 Porsche Cayenne S Diesel set the Guinness World Record for heaviest aircraft pulled by a production car. The Cayenne towed a 285-ton Air France Airbus A380 to a distance of 42 meters, breaking the previous 2013 record of a Nissan Patrol towing a 170-ton Ilyushin Il-76 to a distance of 50 meters.[32] After the attempt Porsche repeated the test using a petrol-powered Cayenne Turbo S with 800 Nm of torque, 50 Nm less than the S Diesel, in an effort to prove the Cayenne's remarkable ability.[33]

Third generation (2018–present)
Third generation (9Y0 / PO536)
Overview
Production2017–present
Model years2018–present (Europe)
2019–present (Outside of Europe)
DesignerMichael Mauer
Body and chassis
Body style5-door SUV (9Y0)
5-door coupé SUV (PO536 Coupe; 2018–present)
PlatformVW Group MLBevo
RelatedVolkswagen Touareg
Audi Q7
Audi Q8
Bentley Bentayga
Lamborghini Urus
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission8-speed automatic

The third-generation Porsche Cayenne was revealed online on August 29, 2017 as a 2019 model, based on the Volkswagen Group MLB platform.[34]

A Cayenne Coupé model was available in 2019, based on the third generation Cayenne. It was revealed during the 2019 Shanghai Auto Show in April 2019. At launch, there were two models, the Cayenne Coupé and Cayenne Turbo Coupé .

Safety
Euro NCAP test results
Porsche Cayenne, Large Off-Road (2017)[35]
Test Points %
Overall:
Adult occupant: 36.2 95%
Child occupant: 39.6 80%
Pedestrian: 30.8 73%
Safety assist: 7.5 62%

Engines

All engines of the third generation models are turbocharged.[34]

ModelProduction periodEnginePower (PS, torque) at rpmEmissions CO
2		Acceleration
Cayenne2019-2,995 cc (3.0 L; 182.8 cu in) turbo V6340 PS (250 kW; 335 hp) at 5,300-6,400, 450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) at 1,340-5,300205 g/km6.2 - 5.9 (with chrono package)
Cayenne E-Hybrid2019-2,995 cc (3.0 L; 182.8 cu in) turbo V6 PHEV462 PS (340 kW; 456 hp) at 5,300-6,400, 700 N⋅m (516 lb⋅ft) at 1,340-5,30078-72 g/km5.0
Cayenne S2019-2,894 cc (2.9 L; 176.6 cu in) twin turbo V6440 PS (324 kW; 434 hp) at 5,700-6,600, 550 N⋅m (406 lb⋅ft) at 1,800-5,500209 g/km4.9
Cayenne Turbo2019-3,996 cc (4.0 L; 243.9 cu in) twin turbo V8550 PS (405 kW; 542 hp) at 5,750, 770 N⋅m (568 lb⋅ft) at 1,960272-267 g/km3.9
Cayenne Turbo S E-Hybrid2019-3,996 cc (4.0 L; 243.9 cu in) twin turbo V8 PHEV680 PS (500 kW; 671 hp) at 5,750, 900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft) at 1,96099 g/km3.7
  • Rear (Cayenne Turbo)
  • Rear (Cayenne Coupé)
  • Cayenne S Coupé
  • Rear (Cayenne Turbo Coupé)
  • Rear (Cayenne Turbo S E-Hybrid Coupé)
  • Interior (Cayenne S)

See also

References
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  4. "2004 Porsche Cayenne Specs". JB car pages. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  5. "Porsche Cayenne GTS at the Chicago Auto Show". Automoblog.net. 2008-02-15. Archived from the original on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
  6. "2008 Porsche Cayenne Specs". JB car pages. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  7. Tan, Paul. "Porsche Cayenne TDI diesel in February 2009". Paultan.org. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
  8. Abuelsamid, Sam (2009-02-19). "Geneva Preview: Porsche to publicly debut Cayenne diesel". Autobloggreen.com. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
  9. Nunez, Alex (2007-04-15). "Porsche Cayenne S Transsyberia: factory-built rally machine". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
  10. Neff, John (2008-09-08). "Paris Preview: Porsche Cayenne S Transsyberia special edition". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
  11. "New Porsche Cayenne GTS Porsche Design Edition 3". Porsche.com. 2009-03-25. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
  12. Neff, John (2009-03-25). "Limited-edition Cayenne GTS Porsche Design Edition 3 to hit the streets". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
  13. "ZF Technology Helps "Company Cars of the Year 2013" Gain a Podium Place". Retrieved 17 November 2013.
  14. "Porsche Goes Green". Archived from the original on 23 March 2009. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
  15. "2008 Porsche Cayenne Review". JB car pages. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  16. "2011 Porsche Cayenne Specs & Features". JB car pages. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  17. "2011 Porsche Cayenne Review". JB car pages. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  18. Cayenne S or Turbo? - Page 2 - MBWorld.org Forums says (2009-03-16). "2010 Porsche Cayenne SUV - SPY SHOTS". StreetCars. Retrieved 2009-07-09.
  19. "2011 Porsche Cayenne Hybrid Specs & Features". JB car pages. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  20. "Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control (PDCC) - Chassis - Cayenne Turbo - Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG". Porsche AG - Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG.
  21. "Cayenne S Diesel: a measure of efficiency".
  22. "2013 Porsche Cayenne Turbo S model confirmed". autoweek.com.
  23. "PORSCHE CAYENNE HYBRID OFFICIEEL AANGEKONDIGD". Autowereld. 19 September 2005. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
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Bibliography
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