PM M1910
The PM M1910 (Russian: Пулемёт Максима образца 1910 года, Pulemyot Maxima obraztsa 1910 goda or "Maxim's machine gun model 1910") is a medium machine gun that was used by the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and the Red Army during Russian Civil War and World War II. Later the gun saw service in the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
Maxim's Machine Gun Model 1910/30 | |
---|---|
Type | Medium machine gun |
Place of origin | Russian Empire[1] |
Service history | |
In service | 1910–present |
Used by | See users |
Wars | World War I Russian Revolution Russian Civil War Turkish War of Independence Polish–Soviet War Finnish Civil War Estonian War of Independence Warlord Era[2] Spanish Civil War Winter War Chinese Civil War World War II Second Sino-Japanese War Korean War Vietnam War Syrian Civil War War in Donbass,[3] others |
Production history | |
Designed | 1909–10[4] |
Produced | 1910–39 1941–45 |
No. built | at least 176,000 |
Specifications | |
Mass | 62.66 kg[1] |
Length | 1,067 mm (42 in) |
Barrel length | 721 mm (28.4 in) |
Cartridge | 7.62×54mmR[5][1] |
Action | Short recoil, toggle locked |
Rate of fire | 300 round/min[1] |
Muzzle velocity | 740 m/s (2,427 ft/s) |
Feed system | 250-round belt[1] |
History
It was adopted in August 1910 and was derived from Hiram Maxim's Maxim gun, chambered for the standard Russian 7.62×54mmR rifle cartridge. The M1910 was mounted on a wheeled mount with a gun shield[5].
In 1918 - 1920, the industry of Soviet Russia produced 21 thousand new Maxim 1910 machine guns for the Red Army.[1]
In 1930, a modernized version 1910/30 was adopted by the Red Army[5].
In 1941, the gun was modernized once again[5].
In May 1942, an order was given to begin the development of a new machine gun to replace Maxim 1910/30. In May 15, 1943, SG-43 Goryunov was adopted and since summer 1943 Maxim guns were replaced in Soviet service by the SG-43, which retained the wheeled and shielded carriage. However, production of the Maxim did not end until 1945[5].
In addition to the main infantry version, there were aircraft-mounted and naval variants. Some were fitted with a tractor radiator cap fitted on top of the water jacket to allow handfuls of snow to be packed in to melt while firing.
Variants
Russian Empire Soviet Union - Maxim's machine gun model 1910 on an antiaircraft tripod (Пулемёт Максима образца 1910 года на зенитной треноге М. Н. Кондакова обр. 1928 года)[4]
- Maxim's machine gun model 1910/30 on a wheeled Vladimirov's mount (Пулемёт Максима образца 1910/30 года на колёсном станке С.В. Владимирова обр. 1931 года)[4]
- Maxim-Tokarev
- PV-1 machine gun
- ZPU-4 (Зенитная пулемётная установка М-4 образца 1931 года)
Finland - Maxim M/09-21[6]
- Maxim M/32-33[6]
Second Polish Republic - 7.92mm Maxim wz. 1910/28
Users
Albania Austria-Hungary[7] - a quantity of machine guns were seized during World War I Bulgaria[8] Democratic Republic of Georgia DPRK[9] Estonia Finland[6] German Empire - a quantity of machine guns was seized during World War I Hungary - After June 22, 1941, a quantity of machine guns was seized by Hungarian troops during Axis invasion in USSR. Since 1945, Soviet Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were given from USSR to People's Republic of Hungary[7] Iran Latvia Mongolia Nazi Germany - In September 1939 a quantity of Polish wz. 1910 and wz. 1910/28 was seized by Wehrmacht. After June 22, 1941, a quantity of Soviet machine guns was seized by German troops during Axis invasion in USSR, they were used as schweres Maschinengewehr 216(r) People's Republic of China[9] Second Polish Republic – Maxim wz. 1910 and Maxim wz. 1910/28 Republic of China[2] Russian Empire[1] / White movement Russian SFSR / Soviet Union[1][5] Romania - at least several machine guns were captured during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War and disarmament of retreating armed anti-Soviet groups crossing the Romanian border in 1917 - 1920s. After June 22, 1941, an additional quantity was seized by Romanian troops during Axis invasion in USSR. In 1944 several Soviet Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were given from USSR to Romanian 1st Volunteer Infantry Division.[10] After 23 August 1944 coup d'état additional Maxim 1910/30 machine guns were transferred from USSR to the Romanian army Second Spanish Republic South Korea Syria Turkey Ukraine: in August 2011, 35 000 ex-Soviet Maxim machine guns were stored in the warehouses of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine[11] although at least four of them were written off and scrapped later[12][13]. They were used during the Donbass War by Ukrainian troops. In December 2016 they were officially adopted by the Armed Forces of Ukraine[14]
Gallery
- Soviet troops receiving instruction on the M1910/30.
- Soviet Red Army machinegunners with a M1910/30 in the Battle of Kursk.
- Quad mounted Maxim M1910/30 guns—the first ZPU.
See also
- List of Russian Weaponry
- Maxim gun
- Vickers machine gun
References
- Пулемёты // Гражданская война и военная интервенция в СССР. Энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. С. С. Хромов. — 2-е изд. — М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1987. стр.490-491
- Jowett, Philip (20 Nov 2013). China’s Wars: Rousing the Dragon 1894-1949. General Military. Osprey Publishing. pp. 129, 147. ISBN 9781782004073.
- "Ukrainian Troops Are Still Using This Pre-World War I-Era Maxim Machine Gun In Combat - The Drive".
- Семён Федосеев. Столетие легендарного "Максима" // журнал "Мастер-ружьё", № 11 (164), ноябрь 2010. стр.40-46
- "На вооружении Советской Армии состояли станковые пулемёты Максима образца 1910, модернизированные в 1930 и 1941"
Пулемёты // Великая Отечественная война 1941 - 1945. Энциклопедия. / редколл., гл. ред. М. М. Козлов. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1985. стр.594-595 - "The Finnish Maxims: M09/21 & M32/33". mosinnagant.net. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
- Lugosi, József (2008). "Gyalogsági fegyverek 1868–2008". In Lugosi, József; Markó, György. Hazánk dicsőségére: 160 éves a Magyar Honvédség. Budapest: Zrínyi Kiadó. p. 382-383. ISBN 978-963-327-461-3.
- Out, Roger (May 2005). "La mitrailleuse russe Maxim modèle 1910". Gazette des armes (in French). No. 365. p. 47.
- Kinard, Jeff. "Machine guns". In Tucker, Spencer C.; Pierpaoli, Paul G., Jr. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History. 1. A-L (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-85109-849-1.
- Сведения штаба Московского военного округа о материальном обеспечении 1-й румынской пехотной дивизии, 1 апреля 1944 г. // Освободительная миссия Советских Вооружённых Сил в Европе во второй мировой войне: документы и материалы. М., Воениздат, 1985. стр.87-88
- "7,62 мм кулемет Максим - 35 000 штук"
розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 1022-р від 15 серпня 2011 р. "Перелік військового майна Збройних Сил, яке може бути відчужено" - Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 108-р від 29 лютого 2012 р. "Про утилізацію стрілецької зброї"
- "7,62 мм кулемет Максим - 2"
Розпорядження Кабінету міністрів України № 687-р від 14 серпня 2013 р. "Про затвердження додаткового переліку військового майна Збройних Сил, яке може бути відчужено" - Минобороны Украины вернуло на вооружение пулемет "Максим"
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maxim M1910. |
- Soviet Manual Covering Operation and Repair of the 1910 Maxim Gun
- Robert G. Segel (24 February 2012) "The Origin of the Russian “Tractor-Cap” M1910 Maxim", Small Arms Defense Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1