National Assembly (Kuwait)

The National Assembly (Arabic: مجلس الأمة‎), is the unicameral legislature of Kuwait. The National Assembly meets in Kuwait City. Members are chosen through direct election; the country is divided into five electoral districts with ten members representing each district. There are no official political parties in Kuwait, therefore candidates run as independents during elections; upon winning, members usually form informal parliamentary blocs. The National Assembly is made up of 50 elected members as well as up to 15 appointed government ministers who are ex officio members. On October 16, 2016, the Amir of Kuwait issued a decree dissolving the National Assembly citing security challenges,[1] paving the way for early elections, which were held on November 26, 2016.

National Assembly of Kuwait

مجلس الأمة الكويتي

Majlis al-ʾUmma al-Kuwaytiyy
15th Legislative Session
Coat of Arms of the State of Kuwait
Type
Type
Term limits
None
History
New session started
December 11, 2016 (2016-12-11)
Leadership
Marzouq Ali al-Ghanim
since December 11, 2016
Essa Ahmad al-Kandari
since December 11, 2016
Secretary
Ouda Ouda al-Ruwai'e
since December 11, 2016
Controller
Nayef Abdulaziz al-Ajmi
since December 11, 2016
Structure
Seats50 elected members
Up to 15 appointed members
Political groups
Government
     Independents (15)
Elected members
     Independents (50)
Length of term
Four years
Elections
Single non-transferable vote
Last election
November 26, 2016
Next election
November 26, 2020
Meeting place
Building of the National Assembly of Kuwait
Kuwait City, Kuwait
Website
kna.kw
Kuwait
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politics and government of
Kuwait

Member State of the Arab League

Kuwait portal

Overview

The National Assembly is the legislature in Kuwait, established in the 1960s.[2] Its predecessor, the 1938 National Assembly was formally dissolved in 1939 after "one member, Sulaiman al-Adasani, in possession of a letter, signed by other Assembly members, addressed to Iraq's King Ghazi, requesting Kuwait's immediate incorporation into Iraq". This demand came after the merchant members of the Assembly attempted to extract oil money from Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, a suggestion refused by him and upon which he instigated a crackdown which arrested the Assembly members in 1939.[3]

The National Assembly has the power to remove government ministers from their post. MPs frequently exercise their constitutional right to interpellate government members. The National Assembly's interpellation sessions of ministers are aired on Kuwaiti TV. MPs also have the right to interpellate the prime minister, and then table a motion of non-cooperation with the government, in which case the cabinet must get replaced.

The National Assembly can have up to 50 MPs. Fifty deputies are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. Members of the cabinet also sit in the parliament as deputies. The constitution limits the size of the cabinet to 16, and at least one member of the cabinet must be an elected MP. The cabinet ministers have the same rights as the elected MPs, with the following two exceptions: they do not participate in the work of committees, and they cannot vote when an interpolation leads to a no-confidence vote against one of the cabinet members.

The National Assembly is the main legislative power in Kuwait. The Emir can veto laws but the National Assembly can override his veto by a two-third vote. The National Assembly (per article 4 of the Constitution) has the constitutional right to approve and disapprove of an Emir's appointment. The National Assembly effectively removed Saad al-Sabah from his post in 2006 because of Saad's inability to rule due to illness. In 2001, Nathan J. Brown considered Kuwait's National Assembly to be the most independent parliament in the Arab world;[4] in 2009, Eran Segal considered it to be among the "strongest" parliaments in the Middle East.[5]

Gender balance

Women gained the right to vote in 2005. No women candidates won seats in the 2006 and 2008 elections. Women first won seats in the National Assembly in the 2009 election, in which four women, Aseel al-Awadhi, Rola Dashti, Massouma al-Mubarak and Salwa al-Jassar, were elected.[5]

Dissolutions

The Constitutional Court has the authority to dissolve the house and must subsequently call for new elections within two months. The Constitutional Court is widely believed to be one of the most judicially independent courts in the Arab world.[6]. The Constitutional Court can also invalidate the Emir's decree dissolving the parliament.

Building
Main article: Kuwait National Assembly Building

The parliament building was designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, who also designed Sydney Opera House.

Political factions

While political parties are not legally recognized in Kuwait, a number of political factions exist. The house is composed of different political factions in addition to independents:

  • The liberal, secular bloc: Ten members were elected in the 2013 elections, making them the largest political bloc in the current parliament.
  • The Shaabi (populist) bloc: A coalition of populists (Sunni and Shia), liberals and nationalist parties with a focus on middle-class issues. The Popular Action Bloc is their main political party.
  • The Islamist bloc: Consisting of Sunni Islamist members. The Islamist bloc has 3 members elected in the 2013 national elections.

Gulf War

During the 1990-1991 Gulf War, Saddam Hussein made Kuwait the 19th province of Iraq ( known as Kuwait Governorate ). As a result, Ali Hassan al-Majid became the governor and took over what was left of the original government.

See also

References
  1. Hussain Al-Qatari & Jon Gambrell (October 16, 2016). "Kuwaiti cabinet resigns, parliament dissolves". Associated Press News. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
  2. Robert F. Worth (2008). "In Democracy Kuwait Trusts, but Not Much". New York Times.
  3. Jill Crystal Oil and politics in the Gulf page 49
  4. Nathan J. Brown. "Mechanisms of accountability in Arab governance: The present and future of judiciaries and parliaments in the Arab world" (PDF). pp. 16–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-10. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
  5. Eran Segal. "Kuwait Parliamentary Elections: Women Making History" (PDF). Tel Aviv Notes. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-01-04.
  6. "Kuwait court ruling may threaten economic recovery". Reuters. 15 May 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
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