Lyonium ion
In chemistry, a lyonium ion is the cation derived by the protonation of a solvent molecule.[1] For example, a hydronium ion is formed by the protonation of water, and CH
3OH+
2 is the cation formed by the protonation of methanol.
Its counterpart is a lyate ion, the anion formed by the deprotonation of a solvent molecule.
Lyonium and lyate ions, resulting from molecular autoionization, contribute to the molar conductivity of protolytic solvents.
Examples
| Lyate ion | Original solvent | Lyonium ion | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| name | formula | name | formula | name | formula |
| Fluoride | F− |
Hydrogen fluoride | HF | Fluoronium | H 2F+ |
| Hydroxide | HO− |
Water | H 2O |
Hydronium | H 3O+ |
| Azanide | NH− 2 |
Ammonia | NH 3 |
Ammonium | NH+ 4 |
| CH− 3 |
Methane | CH 4 |
Methanium | CH+ 5 | |
| Methoxide | CH 3O− |
Methanol | CH 4O |
CH 5O+ | |
See also
- Lyate ion, a deprotonated solvent molecule
- Onium ion, a protonated molecule more generally
- Ion transport number
- Ionic atmosphere
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