Little Women (2019 film)

Little Women is a 2019 American coming-of-age period drama film written and directed by Greta Gerwig. It is the seventh film adaptation of the 1868 novel of the same name by Louisa May Alcott. The film chronicles the lives the March sisters–Jo, Meg, Amy, and Beth–in Concord, Massachusetts during the 19th century. It stars Saoirse Ronan, Emma Watson, Florence Pugh, Eliza Scanlen, Laura Dern, Timothée Chalamet, Meryl Streep, Tracy Letts, Bob Odenkirk, James Norton, Louis Garrel, and Chris Cooper.

Little Women
Theatrical release poster
Directed byGreta Gerwig
Produced by
Screenplay byGreta Gerwig
Based onLittle Women
by Louisa May Alcott
Starring
Music byAlexandre Desplat
CinematographyYorick Le Saux
Edited byNick Houy
Production
company
Distributed bySony Pictures Releasing
Release date
  • December 7, 2019 (2019-12-07) (MoMA)
  • December 25, 2019 (2019-12-25) (United States)
Running time
135 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$40 million[2]
Box office$209.1 million[3][4]

Sony Pictures initiated the development of the film as early as 2013, with Amy Pascal coming on board to produce the film in 2015 and Gerwig subsequently being hired to write the film's screenplay the following year. Gerwig penned the script, for which she used Alcott's other writings as a source of inspiration, and signed on to direct the film in 2018. Following casting announcements throughout the year, filming commenced from October to December of the same year in various locations in the state of Massachusetts.

Little Women premiered at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City on December 7, 2019, and was released theatrically in the United States on December 25, 2019, by Sony Pictures Releasing. The film received critical acclaim,[5] with particular praise directed towards Gerwig's screenplay and direction as well as the performances of the cast. It has grossed $209.1 million worldwide. Among its numerous accolades, the film received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Actress (Ronan), Best Supporting Actress (Pugh), and Best Adapted Screenplay, and won for Best Costume Design. It also received nominations for British Academy Film Awards and Golden Globe Awards.

Plot

In 1868, Jo March, a teacher in New York City, goes to Mr. Dashwood, an editor who agrees to publish a story she has written. Her youngest sister Amy, who is in Paris with their Aunt March, sees their childhood friend and neighbor Laurie and invites him to a party. There, she becomes angry at his drunken behavior, and he mocks her for spending time with wealthy businessman Fred Vaughn. In New York, Jo is hurt when Friedrich Bhaer, a professor infatuated with her, constructively criticizes her writing, which causes her to end their friendship. After receiving a letter that her younger sister Beth's illness has worsened, Jo returns home.

Seven years earlier, Jo and her family live in Concord, Massachusetts. At a party with her older sister, Meg, Jo befriends Laurie. On Christmas morning, the girls' mother, "Marmee," persuades her daughters to give their breakfast to their poor neighbor Mrs. Hummel and her starving children. After returning home, the girls find their table full of food from their neighbor and Laurie's grandfather, Mr. Laurence, and a letter from their father fighting in the American Civil War. Jo visits Aunt March, who invites her to Europe. Laurie notices Amy standing outside, having been hit by her teacher for misbehaving in class, and invites her in before her family comes to take her home.

When Meg, Jo, Laurie, and John–Laurie's tutor and Meg's eventual husband–go to the theatre, a jealous Amy burns Jo's writings, deeply upsetting Jo. The next morning, Amy, wanting to make up with Jo, chases her onto a lake where Jo and Laurie are skating. They save Amy when she falls through the ice. Mr. Laurence invites Beth to play the piano in his house, as she reminds him of his late daughter. In the present, Laurie visits Amy to apologize for his behavior. He urges her not to marry Fred, but to marry him instead. Though in love with Laurie, Amy refuses, upset at always being second to Jo. She later turns down Fred's proposal.

In the past, Marmee learns the girls' father is ill from the war and leaves to visit him. Mr. Laurence gives the piano to Beth, who contracts scarlet fever from the Hummels. Amy, who has not had the disease before, is sent to stay with Aunt March. Marmee comes home early when Beth gets worse, but she recovers in time for Christmas, and their father returns home. In the present, Beth's condition worsens, and she dies. In the past, Jo tries to convince Meg to run away on the latter's wedding day, but Meg says she is happy marrying John. Aunt March announces her trip to Europe but takes Amy instead of Jo. After the wedding, Laurie admits his feelings for Jo, but she insists she does not feel the same.

In the present, Marmee reveals that a devastated Amy is returning from Europe with a sick Aunt March. Jo wonders if she was too quick to turn Laurie down and writes him a letter. Preparing to leave, Amy tells Laurie she turned down Fred's proposal; they kiss and later marry on the journey home. Jo and Laurie agree just to be friends, and Jo throws away the letter she wrote to him. She begins writing a book based on her and her sisters' lives and sends the first chapters to Mr. Dashwood, who is unimpressed. Bhaer turns up at the March house on his way to California.

In New York, Mr. Dashwood's daughters demand to know how Jo's novel ends. He agrees to publish the book but finds it unacceptable that the main character remains unmarried in the end. Jo amends her ending so that the main character, herself, chases after Bhaer and stops him from going to California. She successfully negotiates copyright and royalties with Mr. Dashwood. Later, Jo has inherited Aunt March's house and opened it as a school, where Meg, Amy, and Bhaer all teach. Jo observes the printing of her book, titled Little Women.

Cast

Production

Development and casting

In October 2013, it was announced that a new film adaptation of the novel Little Women by Louisa May Alcott was in development at Sony Pictures, with Olivia Milch writing the screenplay, and Robin Swicord and Denise Di Novi serving as producers.[6] In March 2015, Amy Pascal joined as a producer on the new adaptation, with Sarah Polley hired to write the script and potentially direct.[7] Ultimately, Polley's involvement never went beyond initial discussions.[8] In August 2016, Greta Gerwig was hired to write the screenplay.[9] In June 2018, Gerwig was announced as the film's director in addition to being its screenwriter.[10] Gerwig had heard about Sony's plans to adapt the book in 2015 and urged her agent to get her in touch with the studio, conceding that while she "was not on anybody's list to direct this film," it was something she aspired to do, citing how the book inspired her to become a writer and director.[11]

Alongside Gerwig's hiring as the director, it was also announced that Meryl Streep, Emma Stone, Saoirse Ronan, Timothée Chalamet, and Florence Pugh had been cast in the film in undisclosed roles.[12] Gerwig had worked with Ronan and Chalamet in her solo directorial debut film, Lady Bird,[13] while she sought to cast Pugh after seeing her performance in the film Lady Macbeth.[14] Eliza Scanlen, who Gerwig watched star in the miniseries Sharp Objects,[15] joined the cast the following month.[16] James Norton and Laura Dern were cast in August.[17][18] That same month, Emma Watson joined the cast, replacing Stone who had to drop out due to scheduling conflicts with promoting The Favourite.[19] In September, Louis Garrel, Bob Odenkirk, and Chris Cooper joined the cast in supporting roles.[20][21][22] The following month, New Regency Pictures was announced as an additional financier on the film.[23]

Writing

Gerwig began writing the screenplay for Little Women in 2018, following that year's Academy Awards ceremony; she used "Alcott's letters and diaries, along with 19th century paintings of young women" as inspirations for the script.[15] She also expressed that Alcott's other stories inspired the film's dialogues.[24] Gerwig incorporated a nonlinear timeline for the film, which she did to "focus the film on [its characters] as adults."[25] The film's ending differs from that in the novel in that the former depicts "the pleasures of a romance inside a story about Alcott realizing her artistic ambitions," which Gerwig believed honors Alcott's true vision given that Alcott had to "satisfy the era's narrative expectations" with the novel's ending.[26][27] In addition, Gerwig stated that a monologue in the film was inspired by a conversation she had with Streep about "the challenges women faced in the 1860s."[28]

Costume design

The film required "roughly 75 principal period costumes," each of which took "approximately 40 hours" to create.[15] The film's costume designer, Jacqueline Durran, combined "a free sartorial spirit" and "the traditional Victorian stiffness" in costuming the characters.[29] She stated that she distinguished the characters' childhood and adulthood wardrobes while keeping in mind "the internal logic of each one" and maintaining "the connection between the two," with each character being assigned a "core color."[30] Durran also purposefully had the characters share and reuse the same wardrobe pieces to reinforce their relationships amongst each other.[31]

Filming
Filming primarily took place in Harvard, Massachusetts.

Principal photography began in Boston in October 2018,[32] with Harvard, Massachusetts serving as the main location.[33] Additional filming locations included Lancaster, Harvard University in Cambridge, Crane Beach in Ipswich, and Concord, all in the state of Massachusetts.[34][35] The March family house was built from scratch on a plot in Concord,[15] while Harvard University's Arnold Arboretum was utilized as a location to shoot a scene set in a 19th-century Paris park with Pugh, Chalamet, and Streep.[36] Castle Hill in Ipswich was also utilized to double for European scenes.[37] During filming, Gerwig imposed a ban on cellphones on set.[38] Filming wrapped on December 15, 2018.[39][40]

Music

French composer Alexandre Desplat composed the film's score.[41] Desplat said in an interview that Gerwig specified to him that she would like the music to be "a mix of Mozart meeting Bowie,"[42] with Gerwig later saying that she enlisted Desplat as the film's composer for the "beautiful but not saccharine" and "exacting" qualities in his music.[43] He employed an orchestra comprising instruments such as the piano, harp, flute, clarinet, and celesta.[44] The score was released on December 13, 2019.[45]

Release

On June 19, 2019, Vanity Fair released the first stills from the film,[46] with the official trailer for the film being released on August 13.[47] Little Women had its world premiere at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City on December 7, 2019,[48] and also screened as the opening film of the Rio de Janeiro International Film Festival on December 9.[49] It was theatrically released in the United States on December 25, 2019, by Sony Pictures Releasing.[50][51] Deadline Hollywood reported that Sony spent an estimated $70 million promoting the film.[52]

Little Women was originally scheduled for a theatrical release in China on February 14, 2020, but it was scrapped due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[53] The film was released digitally as well as on DVD and Blu-ray on March 10 and April 7, 2020, respectively.[54][55] In May, Variety reported that the film was once again slated for a release in China at an unspecificed date following the pandemic.[56] The film was released in Denmark and Japan in June after both countries re-opened their theaters following pandemic lockdowns.[57]

Reception

Box office

Little Women has grossed $108.1 million in the United States and Canada, and $101 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $209.1 million, against a production budget of $40 million.[3][4] In April 2020, Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $56 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.[52]

Domestically, the film was released alongside Spies in Disguise and the expansion of Uncut Gems, and was projected to gross $18–22 million from 3,308 over its five-day opening weekend. The film made $6.4 million on Christmas Day and $6 million on its second day.[58] It went on to debut to $16.8 million (a total of $29.2 million over the five-day Christmas frame), finishing in fourth.[59][60] In its second weekend, the film grossed $13.6 million, finishing third.[61] It then made $7.8 million and $6.4 million, respectively, the following weekends.[62][63]

In June 2020, the film grossed $495,000 and $255,000 during its opening weekend in Japan and its second weekend in Denmark, respectively.[64] That same month, it passed $100 million at the international box office following releases in 12 overseas markets.[65]

Critical response
Saoirse Ronan (left) and Florence Pugh garnered Academy Award nominations for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress, respectively, for their performances.

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 95% based on 391 reviews, with an average rating of 8.54/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "With a stellar cast and a smart, sensitive retelling of its classic source material, Greta Gerwig's Little Women proves some stories truly are timeless."[66] On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 91 out of 100, based on 57 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."[67] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, and viewers surveyed by PostTrak gave it an average five out of five stars.[59]

Writing for IndieWire, Kate Erbland highlighted Gerwig's "ambitious elliptical storytelling" and commended how her direction was neither "heavy-handed" nor "preachy."[68] In another positive review, Anthony Lane of The New Yorker opined that the film "may just be the best film yet made by an American woman."[69] The Associated Press' Lindsey Bahr also praised Gerwig's direction, deeming it an "astonishing accomplishment" and an "artist's statement."[70] Awarding the film three-and-a-half starts out of four, Brian Truitt of USA Today lauded Gerwig's writing as "magnificent" and that it "makes Alcott's time and language feel effervescently modern and authentically nostalgic."[71]

The cast's collective performance received praise, with David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter highlighting its "lovely ensemble work" and TheWrap's Alonso Duralde saying that there was not "a single artificial moment" from any of the actors.[72][73] Caryn James of BBC Online called Ronan's performance "luminous,"[74] and Entertainment Weekly's Leah Greenblatt suggested that she "carries nearly every scene she's in,"[75] while David Sims of The Atlantic spotlighted Pugh's performance and how it turned her character into "a heroine as rich and compelling as [Ronan's],"[76] with The Independent's Clarisse Loughrey stating that Pugh "manages to steal the show."[77] In his review for NPR, Justin Chang acclaimed both Ronan and Pugh's performances as "blazingly good."[78] Chalamet was also praised by Peter Travers of Rolling Stone and Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post for the "innate charm and poignant vulnerability" as well as "playful physicality" in his performance.[79][80] Furthermore, The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw noted Ronan and Chalamet's "great romantic chemistry."[81]

While the film received six Academy Award nominations, Gerwig did not garner a nomination for Best Director, which was regarded as a snub.[82][83] Allison Pearson of The Telegraph deemed the failure to nominate Gerwig a "whole new standard of idiocy," opining that it "belittles women's experience,"[84] while Slate's Dana Stevens theorized that Academy members believe that "women can only have a little recognition, as a treat" and that Gerwig "may now safely be ignored" since she had already been nominated for the award once for directing Lady Bird.[85] Writing for the Los Angeles Times, social psychologists Devon Proudfoot and Aaron Kay concluded that the snub was due to a "general psychological tendency to unwittingly view women's work as less creative than men's."[86]


Accolades
Main article: List of accolades received by Little Women (2019 film)

Little Women received numerous awards and nominations. At the 92nd Academy Awards, it received six nominations, including Best Picture, Best Actress (Ronan), Best Supporting Actress (Pugh), and Best Adapted Screenplay,[87][88] and won for Best Costume Design.[89][5] The film also garnered nine nominations at the 25th Critics' Choice Awards, winning for Best Adapted Screenplay,[90][91] five nominations at the 73rd British Academy Film Awards,[92] and two nominations at the 77th Golden Globe Awards.[93] In addition, it was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of the top ten films of the year.[94]

See also

References
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