Academy Award for Best Director
The Academy Award for Best Director (officially known as the Academy Award of Merit for Directing) is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of a film director who has exhibited outstanding directing while working in the film industry.
| Academy Award for Best Director | |
|---|---|
 Current recipient: Bong Joon-ho | |
| Awarded for | Excellence in Cinematic Direction Achievement |
| Country | United States |
| Presented by | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) |
| First awarded | 1929 (for direction in films released during the 1927/1928 film season) |
| Most recent winner | Bong Joon-ho Parasite (2019) |
| Website | oscars |
The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with the award being split into "Dramatic" and "Comedy" categories; Frank Borzage and Lewis Milestone won for 7th Heaven and Two Arabian Knights, respectively.[1] However, these categories were merged for all subsequent ceremonies.[2] Nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the directors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy.[3][4][5]
For the first eleven years of the Academy Awards, directors were allowed to be nominated for multiple films in the same year. However, after the nomination of Michael Curtiz for two films, Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters, at the 11th Academy Awards, the rules were revised so that an individual could only be nominated for one film at each ceremony.[6] That rule has since been amended, although the only director who has received multiple nominations in the same year was Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000, winning the award for the latter. The Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture have been very closely linked throughout their history. Of the 92 films that have been awarded Best Picture, 66 have also been awarded Best Director.[7]
Since its inception, the award has been given to 71 directors or directing teams. John Ford has received the most awards in this category with four. William Wyler was nominated on twelve occasions, more than any other individual. Damien Chazelle became the youngest director in history to receive this award, at the age of 32 for his work on La La Land. John Singleton became the youngest director to be nominated for this award, at age 24 for his work on Boyz n the Hood. Two directing teams have shared the award; Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins for West Side Story in 1961 and Joel and Ethan Coen for No Country for Old Men in 2007. The Coen brothers are the only siblings to have won the award.[8] Kathryn Bigelow is the only woman to have won the award, for 2009's The Hurt Locker. As of the 2020 ceremony, Bong Joon-ho is the most recent winner in this category for his work on Parasite.
Winners and nominees
In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County, California; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[9] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.[10] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932, to December 31, 1933.[10] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.[10]
indicates the winner |
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Frank Borzage won in the "Dramatic" category at the first ceremony and later received a second award for Bad Girl.
Lewis Milestone won in the "Comedy" category at the first ceremony and later received a second award for All Quiet on the Western Front.
Frank Capra won three awards in this category, for It Happened One Night, Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, and You Can't Take It with You.
John Ford has the most Best Director wins with four, winning in 1935, 1940, 1941, and 1952.
William Wyler has the most nominations with twelve, winning in 1942, 1946, and 1959.
Michael Curtiz won for directing Casablanca.
Billy Wilder (right) was nominated eight times, winning twice.
John Huston received the award in 1948 for The Treasure of the Sierra Madre.
David Lean won for The Bridge on the River Kwai and Lawrence of Arabia and was nominated for five other films.
Robert Wise earned two awards in this category, co-winning for West Side Story and winning for The Sound of Music.
Jerome Robbins won once in this category, co-winning for West Side Story.
George Cukor won in 1964 for My Fair Lady.
Mike Nichols won for 1967's The Graduate.
William Friedkin won in 1971 for The French Connection.
Francis Ford Coppola earned the award for The Godfather Part II.
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Woody Allen received seven nominations in the category, winning only once (for Annie Hall).
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Robert Redford won for Ordinary People.
Warren Beatty won in 1981 for directing Reds.
Oliver Stone earned two awards in this category in the 1980s—one for Platoon (1986), and the other for Born on the Fourth of July (1989).
Kevin Costner earned the award in 1990 for directing Dances with Wolves.
Jonathan Demme won for his direction of The Silence of the Lambs (1991).
Clint Eastwood won in 1992 for Unforgiven and became the oldest director to win in the category with Million Dollar Baby in 2004.
Sam Mendes won in 1999 for his directorial debut—American Beauty.
Roman Polanski won in 2002 for his direction of The Pianist.
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Martin Scorsese has received nine nominations for Best Director, but has only won for The Departed in 2006.
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Kathryn Bigelow is the first and only woman to date to win the award. She won for The Hurt Locker in 2009.
Michel Hazanavicius became the first French director to win the award for his work on The Artist.
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In 2013, Alfonso Cuarón became the first Mexican director to win this award for his work on Gravity, before winning again in 2018 for Roma.
Alejandro G. Iñárritu won this award two years in a row becoming the third director to achieve this, and the first since 1950, for directing Birdman (2014) and The Revenant (2015).
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Damien Chazelle became the youngest winner of the category after winning this award for La La Land (2016).
Guillermo del Toro won this award for directing The Shape of Water (2017).
Multiple wins and nominations
The following individuals have won multiple Best Director awards:
The following directors have received four or more Best Director nominations (* indicates no wins):
Age superlatives
| Record | Director | Film | Age | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oldest winner | Clint Eastwood | Million Dollar Baby | 74 | [103] |
| Oldest nominee | John Huston | Prizzi's Honor | 79 | [103] |
| Youngest winner | Damien Chazelle | La La Land | 32 | [103] |
| Youngest nominee | John Singleton | Boyz n the Hood | 24 | [103] |
Diversity of nominees/winners
Asian nominees/winners
Five Asian directors (one Asian-American) have been nominated a total of seven times in this category, and two individuals have won the award (with Ang Lee winning twice).
- 1965 – (JPN) Hiroshi Teshigahara for Woman in the Dunes
- 1985 – (JPN) Akira Kurosawa for Ran
- 1999 – (IND/USA) M. Night Shyamalan for The Sixth Sense †
- 2000 – (TWN) Ang Lee for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon †
- 2005 – (TWN) Ang Lee for Brokeback Mountain †
- 2012 – (TWN) Ang Lee for Life of Pi †
- 2019 – (KOR) Bong Joon-ho for Parasite ‡
Black nominees
Six black directors have been nominated a total of six times in this category, and none have won the award.[104]
- 1991 – (USA) John Singleton for Boyz n the Hood §
- 2009 – (USA) Lee Daniels for Precious †
- 2013 – (UK) Steve McQueen for 12 Years a Slave ‡
- 2016 – (USA) Barry Jenkins for Moonlight ‡
- 2017 – (USA) Jordan Peele for Get Out §†
- 2018 – (USA) Spike Lee for BlacKkKlansman †
Latin American nominees/winners
Five Latin American directors have been nominated a total of eight times in this category, and three have won the award five times.
- 1985 – (ARG) Héctor Babenco for Kiss of the Spider Woman †
- 2003 – (BRA) Fernando Meirelles for City of God
- 2006 – (MEX) Alejandro G. Iñárritu for Babel †
- 2013 – (MEX) Alfonso Cuarón for Gravity †
- 2014 – (MEX) Alejandro G. Iñárritu for Birdman ‡
- 2015 – (MEX) Alejandro G. Iñárritu for The Revenant †
- 2017 – (MEX) Guillermo del Toro for The Shape of Water ‡
- 2018 – (MEX) Alfonso Cuarón for Roma †
Oceanic nominees/winners
Seven Oceanic directors have been nominated a total of eleven times in this category, and one has won the award.
- 1942 – (AUS) John Farrow for Wake Island †
- 1983 – (AUS) Bruce Beresford for Tender Mercies †
- 1985 – (AUS) Peter Weir for Witness †
- 1989 – (AUS) Peter Weir for Dead Poets Society †
- 1993 – (NZ) Jane Campion for The Piano †
- 1995 – (AUS) Chris Noonan for Babe †
- 1998 – (AUS) Peter Weir for The Truman Show
- 2001 – (NZ) Peter Jackson for The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring †
- 2003 – (NZ) Peter Jackson for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King ‡
- 2003 – (AUS) Peter Weir for Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World †
- 2015 – (AUS) George Miller for Mad Max: Fury Road †
Female nominees/winners
Five female directors have been nominated in the category, and one has won the award.[105]
- 1976 – (ITA) Lina Wertmüller for Seven Beauties
- 1993 – (NZ) Jane Campion for The Piano †
- 2003 – (USA) Sofia Coppola for Lost in Translation †
- 2009 – (USA) Kathryn Bigelow for The Hurt Locker ‡
- 2017 – (USA) Greta Gerwig for Lady Bird †
Non-English language nominees/winners
Twenty-six directors of non-English language films have been nominated a total of thirty-one times in this category, and three have won the award.
- 1961 - (ITA) Federico Fellini for La Dolce Vita, Italian
- 1962 - (ITA) Pietro Germi for Divorce Italian Style, Italian
- 1963 - (ITA) Federico Fellini for 8½, Italian
- 1964 - (GRE) Michael Cacoyannis for Zorba the Greek, Greek
- 1965 - (JPN) Hiroshi Teshigahara for Woman in the Dunes, Japanese
- 1966 - (ITA) Michelangelo Antonioni for Blowup, Italian
- 1966 - (FRA) Claude Lelouch for A Man and a Woman, French
- 1968 - (ITA) Gillo Pontecorvo for The Battle of Algiers, Arabic & French
- 1969 - (GRE) Costa-Gavras for Z, French †
- 1970 - (ITA) Federico Fellini for Fellini Satyricon, Italian
- 1972 - (SWE) Jan Troell for The Emigrants, Swedish †
- 1973 - (SWE) Ingmar Bergman for Cries and Whispers, Swedish †
- 1974 - (FRA) François Truffaut for Day for Night, French
- 1975 - (ITA) Federico Fellini for Amarcord, Italian
- 1976 - (SWE) Ingmar Bergman for Face to Face, Swedish
- 1976 - (ITA) Lina Wertmüller for Seven Beauties, Italian
- 1979 - (FRA) Edouard Molinaro for La Cage aux Folles, French
- 1982 - (GER) Wolfgang Petersen for Das Boot, German
- 1983 - (SWE) Ingmar Bergman for Fanny and Alexander, Swedish
- 1985 - (JPN) Akira Kurosawa for Ran, Japanese
- 1987 - (SWE) Lasse Hallström for My Life as a Dog, Swedish
- 1994 - (POL) Krzysztof Kieślowski for Three Colours: Red, French
- 1995 - (GBR) Michael Radford for Il Postino: The Postman, Italian & Spanish †
- 1998 - (ITA) Roberto Benigni for Life Is Beautiful, Italian †
- 2000 - (TWN) Ang Lee for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Mandarin Chinese †
- 2002 - (ESP) Pedro Almodóvar for Talk to Her, Spanish
- 2003 - (BRA) Fernando Meirelles for City of God, Portuguese
- 2007 - (USA) Julian Schnabel for The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, French
- 2011 - (FRA) Michel Hazanavicius for The Artist, French ‡
- 2012 - (AUT) Michael Haneke for Amour, French †
- 2018 - (MEX) Alfonso Cuarón for Roma, Spanish †
- 2018 - (POL) Paweł Pawlikowski for Cold War, Polish
- 2019 - (KOR) Bong Joon-ho for Parasite, Korean ‡
bold — Indicates winner
§ — Directorial debut
† — Film nominated for Best Picture
‡ — Film won for Best Picture
Notes
- The 2nd Academy Awards is unique in being the only occasion where there were no official nominees. Subsequent research by AMPAS has resulted in a list of unofficial or de facto nominees, based on records of which films were evaluated by the judges.
See also
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Bibliography
- Crouse, Richard (2005). Reel Winners: Movie Award Trivia. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3.
- Levy, Emanuel (2003). All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards. New York, United States: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8264-1452-6.
External links
- Oscars.org (official Academy site)
- The Academy Awards Database (official site)
- Oscar.com (official ceremony promotional site)
| Awards of Merit |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Special awards |
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| Former awards |
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| Ceremonies‡ |
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Academy Awards lists | |
|---|---|
| Combined major Academy Awards | |
| Combined major awards | |
| Acting | |
| Directing | |
| Film |
|
| Countries of the nominees | |
| Diversity of the nominees | |
| Other | |
| |
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