List of refractive indices

Many materials have a well-characterized refractive index, but these indexes depend strongly upon the frequency of light. Standard refractive index measurements are taken at the "yellow doublet" sodium D line, with a wavelength of 589 nanometers.

Refraction at interface

There are also weaker dependencies on temperature, pressure/stress, etc., as well on precise material compositions (presence of dopants, etc.); for many materials and typical conditions, however, these variations are at the percent level or less. Thus, it is especially important to cite the source for an index measurement if precision is required.

In general, an index of refraction is a complex number with both a real and imaginary part, where the latter indicates the strength of absorption loss at a particular wavelength—thus, the imaginary part is sometimes called the extinction coefficient . Such losses become particularly significant, for example, in metals at short (e.g. visible) wavelengths, and must be included in any description of the refractive index.

Refraction, critical angle and total internal reflection of light at the interface between two media.

List
Some representative refractive indices
Name of Materialλ (nm)refractive index no. nRef.
Vacuum1 (by definition)
Air at STP1.000277
Gases at 0 °C and 1 atm
Air589.291.000293[1]
Carbon dioxide589.291.001[2][3][4]
Helium589.291.000036[1]
Hydrogen589.291.000132[1]
Liquids at 20 °C
Arsenic trisulfide and sulfur in methylene iodide1.9[5]
Carbon disulfide589.291.628[1]
Benzene589.291.501[1]
Carbon tetrachloride589.291.461[1]
Silicone oil (nD25)589.291.393–1.403[6]
Kerosene1.39
Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)589.291.361[1]
Acetone1.36
Water589.291.333[1]
10% Glucose solution in water589.291.3477[7]
20% Glucose solution in water589.291.3635[7]
60% Glucose solution in water589.291.4394[7]
Solids at room temperature
Silicon carbide (Moissanite; 6H form)589.292.65[8]
Titanium dioxide (rutile phase)589.292.614[9][10]
Diamond589.292.417[1]
Strontium titanate589.292.41[11]
Tantalum Pentoxide589.292.15[12]
Amber589.291.55[1]
Sodium chloride589.291.544[13]
Fused silica (a pure form of glass, also called fused quartz)589.291.458[1][14]
Other materials
Liquid helium1.025
Perfluorohexane (Fluorinert FC-72)1.251[15]
Water ice1.31
TFE/PDD (Teflon AF)1.315[16][17]
Cryolite1.338
Cytop1.34[18]
Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)1.35–1.38[19]
Sugar solution, 25%1.3723[20]
Cornea (human)1.373/1.380/1.401[21]
Lens (human)1.386–1.406
Liver (human)9641.369[22]
Intestinal mucosa (human)9641.329-1.338[23]
Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)1.403[24]
Sylgard 184 (polydimethylsiloxane)1.4118[25]
Sugar solution, 50%1.4200[20]
Polylactic acid1.46[26]
Pyrex (a borosilicate glass)1.470[27]
Vegetable oil1.47[28]
Glycerol1.4729
Sugar solution, 75%1.4774[20]
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)1.4893–1.4899
Halite (rock salt)1.516
Plate Glass (window glass)1.52

[29]

Crown glass (pure)1.50–1.54
PETg1.57
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)1.5750
Polycarbonate1501.60[30]
Crown glass (impure)1.485–1.755
Flint glass (pure)1.60–1.62
Bromine1.661
Flint glass (impure)1.523–1.925
Sapphire1.762–1.778
Boron nitride2-2.14[31]
Cubic zirconia2.15–2.18[32]
Potassium niobate (KNbO3)2.28
Zinc oxide3902.4
Cinnabar (mercury sulfide)3.02
Silicon1200 - 85003.42–3.48[33]
Gallium(III) phosphide3.5
Gallium(III) arsenide3.927
Germanium3000 - 160004.05–4.01[34]

See also

References
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