List of presidents of the Republic of China

This is a list of the presidents of the Republic of China (Taiwan).

Not to be confused with the List of presidents of the People's Republic of China.
Not to be confused with the List of leaders of the Republic of China which implies self-proclaimed governments presidents of the Republic of China and warlords..
Taiwan
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The Republic of China controlled Mainland China before 1949. In the fall of 1949 the ROC government retreated to Taiwan and surrounding islands as a result of the takeover of the mainland by the Communist Party and founding of the People's Republic of China. Since 1949, the Republic of China, now commonly known as Taiwan, has only controlled Taiwan and nearby islands. Martial law was ended in Taiwan in the 1980s and direct elections were introduced in 1996.

The official name of the office in Chinese has changed several times.

YearChineseMandarin
Pinyin		Taiwanese
Pe̍h-ōe-jī		Hakka
Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
1912–1928大總統DàzǒngtǒngTōa-chóng-thóngThai-chúng-thúng
1928–1947國民政府主席Guómín Zhèngfǔ ZhǔxíKok-bîn Chèng-hú Chú-se̍kKoet-mìn Chṳn-fú Chú-si̍t
1947–present總統ZǒngtǒngChóng-thóngChúng-thúng

Timeline
Tsai Ing-wenMa Ying-jeouChen Shui-bianLee Teng-huiChiang Ching-kuoYen Chia-kanYan XishanLi ZongrenLin SenChiang Kai-shekTan YankaiZhang ZuolinDu XiguiYan HuiqingHu WeideDuan QiruiHuang FuCao KunGao LingweiZhou ZiqiXu ShichangFeng GuozhangLi YuanhongYuan ShikaiSun Yat-sen

List

Provisional Government:   Tongmenghui   Beiyang clique, etc.
Beiyang Government:   Beiyang clique, etc.   Progressive Party/Research Clique   Communications Clique
Nationalist to Constitutional Government:   Kuomintang (KMT)   Democratic Progressive Party (DPP)

Presidents of the Provisional Government

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political party Vice President Assembly
(elected)
1 Sun Yat-sen
孫文
(1866–1925)		 1 January 19121 April 1912 Tongmenghui Li Yuanhong
(Nonpartisan)		 Provisional (1911)
2 Yuan Shikai
袁世凱
(1859–1916)		 10 March 191210 October 1913 Beiyang clique Li Yuanhong
(Nonpartisan)		 Provisional (1912)

Presidents of the Beiyang Government

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political party Vice President Assembly
(elected)
(2) Yuan Shikai
袁世凱
(1859–1916)		 10 October 19136 June 1916[note 1][note 2] Beiyang clique Li Yuanhong
(Progressive)		 1st (1913)
3 Li Yuanhong
黎元洪
(1864–1928)		 7 June 191617 July 1917[note 3][note 4] Progressive Party Feng Guozhang
(Zhili clique)
— Feng Guozhang
馮國璋
(1859–1919)
(acting)[note 5]		 17 July 191710 October 1918 Zhili clique Vacant
4 Xu Shichang
徐世昌
(1855–1939)		 10 October 19182 June 1922[note 4] Anhui clique Vacant 2nd (1918)
— Zhou Ziqi
周自齊
(1871–1923)
(acting)[note 6]		 2 June 192211 June 1922 Communications Clique Vacant
(3) Li Yuanhong
黎元洪
(1864–1928)		 11 June 192213 June 1923[note 4] Research Clique Vacant
— Gao Lingwei
高凌霨
(1868–1939)
(acting)[note 7]		 14 June 192310 October 1923 Zhili clique Vacant
5 Cao Kun
曹錕
(1862–1938)		 10 October 19232 November 1924[note 4] Zhili clique Vacant (1923)
— Huang Fu
黃郛
(1883–1936)
(acting)[note 6]		 2 November 192424 November 1924 Nonpartisan Vacant
6 Duan Qirui[note 8]
段祺瑞
(1865–1936)
 24 November 192420 April 1926[note 4] Anhui clique Vacant
Vacant
— Hu Weide[note 9]
胡惟德
(1863–1933)
(acting)[note 6]		 20 April 192613 May 1926 Zhili clique Vacant
— Yan Huiqing
(W.W. Yan)
顏惠慶
(1877–1950)
(acting)[note 7]		 13 May 192622 June 1926 Nonpartisan Vacant
— Du Xigui
杜錫珪
(1875–1933)
(acting)[note 6]		 22 June 19261 October 1926 Zhili clique Vacant
— V.K. Wellington Koo
顧維鈞
(1888–1985)
(acting)[note 7]		 1 October 192617 June 1927[note 10] Nonpartisan Vacant
7 Zhang Zuolin[note 11]
張作霖
(1875–1928)		 18 June 19274 June 1928[note 12] Fengtian clique Vacant

Chairmen of the Nationalist Government

№ Portrait Name[note 13]
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political party Assembly
(elected)
8 Tan Yankai
譚延闓
(1880–1930)		 7 February 192810 October 1928 Kuomintang 2nd National Congress of Kuomintang
(4th plenum)
9 Chiang Kai-shek
蔣中正
(1887–1975)		 10 October 192815 December 1931[note 10] Kuomintang 2nd National Congress of Kuomintang
(5th plenum)
— Lin Sen
林森
(1868–1943)		 15 December 1931[note 14]1 August 1943[note 2] Kuomintang
10 4th National Congress of Kuomintang
(1st plenum)
— Chiang Kai-shek
蔣中正
(1887–1975)		 1 August 1943[note 15]20 May 1948 Kuomintang
(9) 5th National Congress of Kuomintang
(11th plenum)

Presidents after the 1947 Constitution

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political party Vice President Term
(elected)
(9) Chiang Kai-shek
蔣中正
(1887–1975)		 20 May 194821 January 1949[note 16] Kuomintang Li Zongren
(Kuomintang)		 1 (1948)
— Li Zongren
李宗仁
(1890–1969)
(acting)[note 5]		 21 January 19491 March 1950 Kuomintang Vacant
(9) Chiang Kai-shek
蔣中正
(1887–1975)		 1 March 19505 April 1975[note 2] Kuomintang Li Zongren[note 17]
(Kuomintang)
Vacant
Chen Cheng[note 18]
(Kuomintang)		 2 (1954)
3 (1960)
Vacant
Yen Chia-kan
(Kuomintang)		 4 (1966)
5 (1972)
11 Yen Chia-kan
(C. K. Yen)
嚴家淦
(1905–1993)		 6 April 197520 May 1978 Kuomintang Vacant
12 Chiang Ching-kuo
蔣經國
(1910–1988)		 20 May 197813 January 1988[note 2] Kuomintang Hsieh Tung-min
(Kuomintang)		 6 (1978)
Lee Teng-hui
(Kuomintang)		 7 (1984)
13 Lee Teng-hui
李登輝
(born 1923)		 13 January 198820 May 1996 Kuomintang Vacant
Lee Yuan-tsu
(Kuomintang)		 8 (1990)

Presidents after the introduction of direct election

№ Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Political party Vice President Term
(elected)
(13) Lee Teng-hui
李登輝
(born 1923)		 20 May 199620 May 2000 Kuomintang Lien Chan
(KMT)		 9 (1996)
14 Chen Shui-bian
陳水扁
(born 1950)		 20 May 200020 May 2008 Democratic Progressive Annette Lu
(DPP)		 10 (2000)
11 (2004)
15 Ma Ying-jeou
馬英九
(born 1950)		 20 May 200820 May 2016 Kuomintang Vincent Siew
(KMT)		 12 (2008)
Wu Den-yih
(KMT)		 13 (2012)
16 Tsai Ing-wen
蔡英文
(born 1956)		 20 May 2016Incumbent Democratic Progressive Chen Chien-jen
(Independent)		 14 (2016)
William Lai
(DPP)		 15 (2020)
# President Born Age at
start of presidency		 Age at
end of presidency		 Post-presidency
timespan		 Lifespan
DiedAge
01 Chiang Kai-shek Oct 31, 1887 60 years, 202 days
May 20, 1948		 87 years, 156 days
Apr 5, 1975		 0 days Apr 5, 1975 87 years, 156 days
02 Yen Chia-kan Oct 23, 1905 69 years, 165 days
Apr 6, 1975		 72 years, 209 days
May 20, 1978		 15 years, 218 days Dec 24, 1993 88 years, 62 days
03 Chiang Ching-kuo Apr 27, 1910 68 years, 23 days
May 20, 1978		 77 years, 261 days
Jan 13, 1988		 0 days Jan 13, 1988 77 years, 261 days
04 Lee Teng-hui Jan 15, 1923 64 years, 363 days
Jan 13, 1988		 77 years, 126 days
May 20, 2000		 20 years, 36 days 2020-06-25(living) 97 years, 162 days
05 Chen Shui-bian Oct 12, 1950 49 years, 221 days
May 20, 2000		 57 years, 221 days
May 20, 2008		 12 years, 36 days 2020-06-25(living) 69 years, 257 days
06 Ma Ying-jeou Jul 13, 1950 57 years, 312 days
May 20, 2008		 65 years, 312 days
May 20, 2016		 4 years, 36 days 2020-06-25(living) 69 years, 348 days
07 Tsai Ing-wen Aug 31, 1956 59 years, 263 days
May 20, 2016		 63 years, 299 days(incumbent) (incumbent) 2020-06-25(living) 63 years, 299 days

Oldest living

Green text and an asterisk mark the inauguration date of a president older than any living ex-president. Other dates are the deaths of the then-oldest president.

President Date range Age at start Age at end Time span
Chiang Kai-shek May 20, 1948* – April 5, 1975 60 years, 202 days 87 years, 156 days 26 years, 320 days
Yen Chia-kan April 6, 1975* – December 24, 1993 69 years, 165 days 88 years, 62 days 18 years, 262 days
Lee Teng-hui December 24, 1993 – present 70 years, 343 days 97 years, 162 days(living) (living)
Presidential Office of the Beiyang government in Beijing (1912–1928).
Presidential Office of the Nationalist government in Nanjing (1928–1949).
Presidential Office of the Government of the Republic of China in Taipei, Taiwan (1949–current).

See also

Notes
  1. Proclaimed a new empire from 12 December 1915 to 22 March 1916.
  2. Died in office.
  3. Zhang Xun restored Qing Empire from 1 July to 12 July in 1917.
  4. Forced out of office.
  5. As Vice President.
  6. As Acting Premier.
  7. As Premier.
  8. Provisional Chief Executive instead of President.
  9. Acting Provisional Chief Executive instead of Acting President.
  10. Resigned.
  11. Zhang was the Generalissimo of the Beiyang Military Government instead of President.
  12. Assassinated.
  13. The Chairman of the Nationalist Government (國民政府) was the head of state in this period (political tutelage; 訓政時期). There was no office of Vice Chairman.
  14. Assumed office as acting chairman from 15 December 1931 to 1 January 1932.
  15. Assumed office as acting chairman from 1 June to 1o October 1943.
  16. Declared incapacity.
  17. Vice-President from 1948 to 1954; impeached and recalled in 1954.
  18. Died on 5 March 1965.
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