List of poisonous fungus species

This is a compendium of poisonous fungi. See also mushroom poisoning.

List of toxic mushroom species

There are 113 poisonous fungus species listed below.

Scientific name Common name Active agent Distribution Similar edible species Picture
Agaricus californicus California Agaricus phenol and xanthodermin North America Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus hondensis Felt-ringed Agaricus phenol and xanthodermin North America Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus menieri phenol and xanthodermin Europe Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus moelleri phenol and xanthodermin Europe Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus phaeolepidotus phenol and xanthodermin Europe Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus placomyces phenol and xanthodermin North America and Europe Edible Agaricus species
Agaricus xanthodermus Yellow-staining mushroom phenol and xanthodermin[1][2] worldwide Edible Agaricus species
Amanita abrupta American abrupt-bulbed Lepidella L-2-amino-4-pentynoic acid and 2-Amin-5,5-hexadienoic acid[3] North America Edible Agaricus species
Amanita aprica Sunshine amanita muscarine and ibotenic acid[4] (maybe not muscarine but muscimol) North America
Amanita boudieri Boudier's lepidella A. smithiana toxin[3] Europe Edible Agaricus species

Amanita vittadinii
Amanita brunnescens Cleft-foot Amanita amatoxins[5] North America Amanita rubescens

Amanita novinupta
Amanita citrina bufotenin[6]
Amanita cokeri Coker's amanita 2-amino-3-cyclopropylbutanoic acid and 2-amino-5-chloro-4-pentenoic acid[7] North America Amanita vittadinii

Amanita strobiliformis

Edible Agaricus species
Amanita cothurnata Booted amanita muscimol and ibotenic acid[8] North America
Amanita echinocephala European solitary amanita A. smithiana toxin[3] Europe, Western Asia and North Africa Amanita vittadinii

Amanita strobiliformis

Edible Agaricus species
Amanita farinosa Powdery Amanita unknown North America
Amanita flavorubescens unknown North America Amanita rubescens

Amanita novinupta

Amanita jacksonii

Amanita hemibapha
Amanita gemmata Gemmed Amanita muscimol and ibotenic acid[9] Europe, North Africa, Asia and North America
Amanita gioiosa unknown (probably muscimol and ibotenic acid) Europe and North Africa
Amanita gracilior A. smithiana toxin[3] Europe
Amanita heterochroma Eucalyptus fly agaric unknown (probably muscimol and ibotenic acid) Europe and North Africa Amanita caesarea
Amanita hongoi Hongo's Amanita unknown Japan
Amanita ibotengutake Japanese ringed-bulbed Amanita muscimol and ibotenic acid[10] Japan
Amanita muscaria Fly agaric muscimol and ibotenic acid[8] worldwide Amanita caesarea

Amanita jacksonii

Amanita hemibapha
Amanita neoovoidea East Asian egg amidella 2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid[3] East Asia Amanita ovoidea
Amanita pantherina Panther cap muscimol and ibotenic acid[8] Europe, North Africa, Eastern Asia

(a similar American species exist but is not published yet)[4]

 Amanita rubescens
Amanita porphyria Grey veiled Amanita unknown (probably bufotenin) North America and Europe
Amanita pseudoporphyria Hongo's false death cap 2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid[3] Asia
Amanita pseudoregalis False royal fly agaric unknown (probably muscimol and ibotenic acid) Europe Amanita rubescens
Amanita pseudorubescens False blusher unknown Europe Amanita rubescens
Amanita regalis Royal fly agaric muscimol and ibotenic acid[11] Europe and Alaska Amanita rubescens
Amanita smithiana Smith's Amanita A. smithiana toxin and 2-amino-4,5-hexadienoic acid[3] North America
Ampulloclitocybe clavipes Club-footed clitocybe unknown North America and Europe Infundibulicybe geotropa

Infundibulicybe gibba
Chlorophyllum molybdites Green-spored parasol unknown worldwide (very rare in Europe) Chlorophyllum rhacodes

Chlorophyllum olivieri

Coprinus comatus
Clitocybe cerussata muscarine[12] Europe Clitopilus prunulus
Clitocybe dealbata muscarine[12][13] Europe Clitopilus prunulus

Marasmius oreades
Coprinopsis alopecia coprine Europe
Coprinopsis atramentaria Common ink cap coprine[14] North America, Europe, Asia and Australia
Coprinopsis romagnesiana Scaly ink cap coprine Europe
Cortinarius bolaris unknown Europe
Cortinarius callisteus unknown Europe Cantharellus spp.
Cortinarius cinnabarinus unknown Europe Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius cinnamomeofulvus unknown Europe Cantharellus tubaeformis

Cantharellus lutescens

Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius cinnamomeoluteus unknown Europe Cantharellus tubaeformis

Cantharellus lutescens

Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius cinnamomeus unknown North America and Europe Cantharellus tubaeformis

Cantharellus lutescens

Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius cruentus unknown Europe
Cortinarius gentilis unknown Europe Cantharellus spp.
Cortinarius limonius unknown North America and Europe Cantharellus spp.
Cortinarius malicorius unknown Europe Cantharellus tubaeformis

Cantharellus lutescens

Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius mirandus unknown Europe
Cortinarius palustris unknown Europe Cantharellus tubaeformis

Cantharellus lutescens

Laccaria laccata
Cortinarius phoeniceus unknown Europe
Cortinarius rubicundulus unknown North America and Europe Cantharellus spp.
Cortinarius smithii Smith's Cortinarius unknown North America
Cudonia circinans gyromitrin and monomethylhydrazine[15] North America, Europe and Asia Morchella spp.

Cantharellus spp.
Gyromitra perlata Pig's ears gyromitrin and monomethylhydrazine[15] North America and Europe Disciotis venosa
Echinoderma asperum Freckled dapperling unknown North America Europe, Asia and Oceania Macrolepiota procera

Chlorophyllum rhacodes
Echinoderma calcicola unknown Europe Macrolepiota procera

Chlorophyllum rhacodes
Entoloma albidum unknown North America Calocybe gambosa

Clitopilus prunulus

Clitocybe multiceps
Entoloma rhodopolium Wood pinkgill unknown Europe and Asia Entoloma sarcopum
Entoloma sinuatum Livid Entoloma unknown North America, Europe and Asia Calocybe gambosa

Clitopilus prunulus

Clitocybe multiceps
Hebeloma crustuliniforme Poison pie unknown North America, Europe and Australia Calocybe gambosa

Clitopilus geminus

Lepista irina
Hebeloma sinapizans Rough-stalked hebeloma unknown North America and Europe Calocybe gambosa

Clitopilus geminus

Lepista irina
Helvella crispa Elfin saddle unknown Europe
Helvella dryophila Oak-loving elfin saddle unknown North America Morchella spp.
Helvella lactea unknown North America and Europe
Helvella lacunosa Slate grey saddle unknown worldwide Morchella spp.
Helvella vespertina Western black elfin saddle unknown North America Morchella spp.
Hapalopilus nidulans Tender nesting polypore polyporic acid[16] worldwide (except South America) Fistulina hepatica

Laetiporus sulphureus
Hypholoma fasciculare Sulphur tuft fasciculol E and fasciculol F[17] worldwide Hypholoma capnoides

Kuehneromyce mutabilis
Hypholoma lateritium Brick cap unknown (probably fasciculol E and fasciculol F) North America, Europe and Asia Hypholoma capnoides

Kuehneromyce mutabilis
Hypholoma marginatum unknown (probably fasciculol E and fasciculol F) Europe Hypholoma capnoides

Kuehneromyce mutabilis
Hypholoma radicosum unknown (probably fasciculol E and fasciculol F) Europe Hypholoma capnoides

Kuehneromyce mutabilis
Imperator rhodopurpureus unknown Europe Neoboletus erythropus

Suillellus queletii
Imperator torosus unknown Europe Neoboletus erythropus

Suillellus queletii
Inocybe fibrosa muscarine Europe Tricholoma columbetta

Calocybe gambosa

Clitopilus prunulus
Inocybe geophylla Earthy inocybe muscarine[18] North America and Europe Clitopilus prunulus

Laccaria amethystina
Inocybe geophylla var. geophylla
Inocybe geophylla var. lilacina
Inocybe hystrix muscarine North, Central America and Europe
Inocybe lacera Torn fibercap muscarine North America and Europe
Inocybe rimosa muscarine[18] Europe and Asia Marasmius oreades
Inocybe sambucina muscarine Europe Tricholoma columbetta

Calocybe gambosa

Clitopilus prunulus
Lactarius torminosus Woolly milkcap velleral North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa Lactarius deliciosus
Mycena diosma unknown (probably puraquinonic acid) Europe Laccaria amethystina
Mycena pura Lilac bonnet puraquinonic acid and psilocybin[19][20] Europe Laccaria amethystina

Laccaria laccata
Mycena rosea Rosy bonnet unknown (probably puraquinonic acid) Europe Laccaria amethystina
Panaeolus cinctulus banded mottlegill psilocybin and psilocin North America, Europe, Africa and Australia Marasmius oreades
Psilocybe semilanceata Liberty cap psilocybin, psilocin, and baeocystin[21] America, Europe, Asia and Oceania
Omphalotus illudens Jack-O'lantern mushroom illudin S, illudin M, and muscarine[22] North America and Europe Cantharellus spp.
Omphalotus japonicus Tsukiyotake illudin S and illudin M[23][24][25] Asia Pleurotus ostreatus

Lentinula edodes

Sarcomyxa serotina
Omphalotus nidiformis Ghost fungus illudin S, illudin M, and illudosin[26][26] Oceania and India Pleurotus ostreatus

Lentinula edodes

Sarcomyxa serotina
Omphalotus olearius Jack-O'lantern mushroom illudin S[27] Europe Cantharellus spp.
Omphalotus olivascens Western jack-o'-lantern mushroom illudin S[28] America Cantharellus spp.
Paralepistopsis acromelalga acromelic acid Japan Paralepista flaccida

Paralepista gilva
Paralepistopsis amoenolens Paralysis funnel acromelic acid North Africa and Europe Paralepista flaccida

Paralepista inversa

Infundibulicybe gibba
Pholiotina rugosa amatoxins[29] North America, Europe and Asia
Ramaria formosa Beautiful clavaria unknown North America, Europe and Asia Ramaria botrytis
Ramaria neoformosa unknown Europe Ramaria botrytis
Ramaria pallida unknown North America and Europe Ramaria botrytis
Rubroboletus legaliae Le Gal's bolete unknown (probably boletasine and muscarine) Europe Neoboletus erythropus

Suillellus queletii
Rubroboletus lupinus Wolves bolete unknown (probably boletasine and muscarine) Europe Neoboletus erythropus

Suillellus queletii
Rubroboletus pulcherrimus unknown North America Neoboletus erythropus

Suillellus queletii
Rubroboletus satanas Satan's bolete boletasine and muscarine[30][31] Europe Neoboletus erythropus

Suillellus queletii
Russula emetica The sickener lactarorufin A, methoxyfuranalcohol, and R. emetica unnamed compound[32] North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia Russula aurea

Russula cyanoxantha
Russula subnigricans unknown
Sarcosphaera coronaria Pink crown methylarsonic acid[33] North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia
Suillellus luridus Lurid bolete muscarine[34] North America, Europe and Asia Neoboletus erythropus

Suillellus queletii
Tricholoma equestre Yellow knight unknown Europe
Tricholoma filamentosum unknown unknown Tricholoma terreum

Tricholoma myomyces
Tricholoma pardinum Tiger tricholoma unknown North America, Europe and Asia Tricholoma terreum

Tricholoma myomyces
Tricholoma muscarium tricholomic acid and ibotenic acid[35][36] Japan
Trogia venenata Little white mushroom unknown China
Turbinellus floccosus Woolly false chanterelle norcaperatic acid[37] North America and Eastern Asia Gomphus clavatus

Polyozellus multiplex

Cantharellus spp.
Turbinellus kauffmanii norcaperatic acid[37] North America Gomphus clavatus

Polyozellus multiplex

Cantharellus spp.

List of suspicious mushroom species
Scientific name Common name Distribution Picture
Agrocybe arenicola Europe
Amanita albocreata Ringless panther North America
Amanita altipes Yellow long-stem Amanita China
Amanita breckonii North America
Amanita ceciliae Snakeskin grisette North America and Europe
Amanita eliae Fries's Amanita Europe and North Africa
Amanita flavoconia Yellow-dust Amanita North America
Amanita frostiana Frost's Amanita North America
Amanita nehuta Mahori dust Amanita New Zealand
Amanita parcivolvata America
Amanita parvipantherina China
Amanita petalinivolva South America
Amanita roseotincta North America
Amanita rubrovolvata Red volva Amanita Asia
Amanita subfrostiana False Frost's Amanita China
Amanita velatipes North America
Amanita viscidolutea South America
Amanita wellsii Wells's Amanita North America
Amanita xanthocephala Vermilion grisette Australia
Armillaria mellea Honey fungus North America, Europe, Northern Asia and Australia
Calocera viscosa Yellow stagshorn North America, Europe and Asia
Chlorophyllum brunneum Shaggy parasol North America, Europe, Australia and Southern Africa
Choiromyces venosus Europe
Clitocybe fragrans Europe
Clitocybe nebularis Clouded agaric North America and Europe
Conocybe subovalis Europe
Coprinellus micaceus Mica cap worldwide
Lactarius chrysorrheus Yellowdrop milkcap North America, Europe and North Africa
Lactarius helvus Fenugreek milkcap Europe and Asia
Lepiota cristata Stinking dapperling North America, Europe, Northern Africa, Northern Asia and New Zealand
Marasmius collinus Europe
Russula olivacea North America, Europe and Asia
Russula viscida Europe
Schizophyllum commune worldwide
Scleroderma citrinum common earthball North America, Europe and Asia
Stropharia aeruginosa Verdigris agaric North America and Europe
Tricholoma sulphureum Gas agaric Europe and North America
Tricholoma bufonium Europe

See also

References
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