List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire
The main battles in the history of the Ottoman Empire are shown below. The life span of the empire was more than six centuries, and the maximum territorial extent, at the zenith of its power in the second half of the 16th century, stretched from central Europe to the Persian Gulf and from the Caspian Sea to North Africa. The number of battles the empire fought is quite high. But here only the more important battles are listed. Among these, the battles fought in the 20th century (Turco-Italian War, Balkan Wars, and World War I ) as well as the sieges (like the sieges of Constantinople, Cairo, Belgrade, Bagdad, etc.) which most lists include as battles are not shown except in cases where the siege is followed by a battle (i.e. Vienna, Khotyn, Plevna).[1][2]
Part of a series on the |
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Military of the Ottoman Empire |
Classical army (1451–1826) Kapıkulu (Janissaries · Six Divisions of Cavalry) · Sipahi · Voynuks Yamaks · Dervendjis · Sekban · Akinji · Azap · Levend · Timariots · Yaya · Humbaracı |
Modern army (1861–1922) |
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Conscription |
List of battles
Europe | Asia | Africa | Sea |
(Color legend for the location of the battle)
Year | Battle | Opponent |
---|---|---|
1302 | Bapheus | Byzantine Empire |
1303 | Dimbos | Byzantine Empire |
1326 | Bursa | Byzantine Empire |
1329 | Pelekanon | Byzantine Empire |
1331 | Nicaea | Byzantine Empire |
1337 | Nicomedia | Byzantine Empire |
1337 | Demotika | Byzantine Empire, Serbian Empire |
1354 | Gallipoli | Byzantine Empire |
1355 | Ihtiman | Bulgarian Empire |
1364 | near Adrianople | Serbian Empire |
1369 | Adrianople | Byzantine Empire |
1371 | Maritsa | Serbian Empire |
1381 | Dubrovnica | Moravian Serbia |
1385 | Sofia | Bulgarian Empire |
1385 | Savra | Zeta under the Balšići |
1386 | Pločnik | Moravian Serbia |
1388 | Bileca | Kingdom of Bosnia |
1389 | Kosovo | Moravian Serbia, District of Branković Kingdom of Bosnia, Knights Hospitaller |
1390 | Philadelphia | Byzantine Empire |
1391 (or 1392) | Kırkdilim | Kadi Burhan al-Din |
1393 | Tarnovo | Bulgarian Empire |
1395 | Rovine | Wallachia (South Romania) |
1396 | Nicopolis | Crusades[dn 1] (Hungary, France, Knights Hospitaller, Venice) |
1402 | Ankara | Timurid Empire |
1402 | Tripolje | Serbian Despotate |
1403 | Ulubad | Civil war between Mehmed Çelebi and İsa Çelebi |
1403 | Kosmidion | Civil war between Süleyman Çelebi and İsa Çelebi |
1410 | Kosmidion | Byzantine Empire |
1411 | Constantinople | Byzantine Empire |
1411 (or 1412) | İnceğiz | Civil war between Mehmed Çelebi and Musa Çelebi |
1413 | Çamurlu | Civil war between Mehmed Çelebi and Musa Çelebi |
1416 | Gallipoli | Venice |
1422 | Constantinople | Byzantine Empire |
1428 | Golubac | Kingdom of Hungary, Wallachia, Grand Duchy of Lithuania |
1430 | Thessalonica | Byzantine Empire |
1440 | Belgrade | Kingdom of Hungary, Serbian Despotate |
1441 | Novo Brdo | Serbian Despotate, Republic of Ragusa |
1442 | Sântimbru and Sibiu | Kingdom of Hungary |
1443 | Nish | Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Poland, Serbian Despotate |
1443 | Zlatitsa | Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Poland, Serbian Despotate |
1444 | Kunovica | Crusades (Hungary, Serbia, Poland) |
1444 | Torvioll | Albania |
1444 | Varna | Crusades (Hungary, Poland and many others) |
1445 | Mokra | Albania |
1446 | Otonetë | Albania |
1448 | Svetigrad | League of Lezhë |
1448 | Oranik | League of Lezhë |
1448 | Second Kosovo | Hungary, Wallacia |
1450 | Krujë | League of Lezhë |
1450 | Polog | Albania |
1453 | Constantinople | Byzantine Empire |
1454 | Leskovac | Serbian Despotate |
1454 | Kruševac | Serbian Despotate, Kingdom of Hungary |
1455 | Berat | Albania |
1456 | Oranik | Albania |
1456 | Belgrade | Kingdom of Hungary, Serbian Despotate |
1457 | Ujëbardha | Albania |
1462 | Targoviste | Wallachia |
1461 | Trebizond | Byzantine Empire |
1462 | Mokra | Albania |
1463 | Jajce Fortress) | Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Croatia, Republic of Venice |
1464 | Jajce Fortress) | Kingdom of Hungary |
1464 | Ohrid | Albania |
1465 | Vaikal | Albania |
1465 | Meçad | Albania |
1467 | Krujë | Albania |
1467 | Krujë | Albania |
1473 | Otlukbeli | Akkoyunlu Turkmens |
1474 | Shkodra | Republic of Venice, Principality of Zeta |
1475 | Crimea | Principality of Theodoro, Republic of Genoa |
1475 | Vaslui | Moldavia (North Romania) |
1476 | Valea Alba | Moldavia |
1478 | Krujë | Republic of Venice, Albania |
1478 | Shkodra | Albania |
1479 | Câmpul Pâinii | Hungary, Serbia |
1474 | Shkodra | Republic of Venice, Lordship of Zeta |
1480 | Otranto | Naples, Hungary, Aragon |
1483 | Novi Grad | Kingdom of Croatia |
1485 | Adana | Mamluk Sultanate |
1485 | Chilia | Moldavia |
1493 | Lika | Kingdom of Croatia |
1493 | Krbava | Croatia, Hungary |
1497 | Chernivtsi Oblast | Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569) |
1499 | Zonchio | Venice |
1500 | Modon | Venice |
1500 | Cephalonia | Venice |
1513 | Dubica | Croatia, Hungary |
1514 | Chaldiran | Safavid Persia |
1515 | Turnadağ | Beylik of Dulkadir |
1516 | Marj Dabiq | Mamluk Egypt |
1516 | Yaunis Khan | Mamluk Egypt |
1517 | Siege of Cairo | Mamluk Egypt |
1518 | Jajce | Kingdom of Croatia |
1521 | Belgrade | Kingdom of Hungary |
1522 | Knin | Croatia, Hungary |
1522 | Rhodes | Knights Hospitallers |
1526 | Mohács | Hungary, Holy Roman Empire, Papal States, Poland |
1528 | Hungary | Habsburg Austria, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of Croatia, Ferdinand's Hungarian kingdom, Rascians |
1528 | Hungary | Habsburg Austria, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of Croatia, Ferdinand's Hungarian kingdom |
1529 | Formentera | Spanish Empire |
1529 | Algiers | Spanish Empire |
1529 | Siege of Vienna | Holy Roman Empire |
1529 | Formentera | Holy Roman Empire |
1532 | Kőszeg | Kingdom of Croatia |
1532 | Leobersdorf | Habsburg Monarchy, Kingdom of Hungary |
1534 | Baghdad | Safavid Persia |
1534 | Tunis | Hafsid dynasty |
1535 | Tunis | Habsburg Monarchy, Hafsid dynasty, Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Portugal, Papal States, Knights of Malta |
1537 | Fortress of Klis | Kingdom of Croatia |
1537 | Corfu | Republic of Venice |
1537 | Gorjani | Holy Roman Empire |
1538 | Preveza | Papal Holy League |
1539 | Herceg Novi | Spanish Empire |
1540 | Battle of Girolata | Genoa, Spain |
1541 | Siege of Buda | Holy Roman Empire |
1541 | Algiers | Habsburg Monarchy, Order of Saint John, Republic of Genoa, Papal States, Kingdom of Kuku |
1542 | Buda | Holy Roman Empire |
1543 | Esztergom | Holy Roman Empire |
1543 | Nice | Holy Roman and Genoa |
1545 | Sokhoista | Kingdom of Imereti, Kingdom of Kartli, Principality of Guria |
1548 | Van | Safavid Persia |
1551 | Siege of Gozo | Order of Saint John |
1551 | Siege of Tripoli | Order of Saint John |
1552 | Ponza | Genoa |
1552 | Temesvár | Habsburg Monarchy |
1552 | Eger | Hungary |
1552 | Muscat | Portugal |
1553 | Corsica | Republic of Genoa |
1558 | Mostaganem | Spanish Empire |
1560 | Battle of Djerba | Holy Roman Empire, Genoa, Papal states, Knights of Malta |
1561 | Brest Pokupski | Kingdom of Croatia |
1565 | Great Siege of Malta | Order of Saint John |
1565 | Bosanska Krupa | Kingdom of Croatia |
1565 | Ivanić-Grad | Kingdom of Croatia |
1566 | Szigetvár | Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Croatia |
1570 | Nicosia | Republic of Venice |
1570 | Famagusta | Republic of Venice |
1571 | Lepanto | Holy League (Holy Roman Empire, Venice, Genoa, Papal states, Knights of Malta) |
1574 | Tunis | Spanish Empire |
1578 | Gvozdansko Castle | Kingdom of Croatia |
1578 | Ksar el Kebir | Portugal |
1578 | Çıldır | Safavid Persia |
1578 | Shamakhi | Safavid Persia |
1583 | Torches[dn 2] | Safavid Persia |
1584 | Slunj | Kingdom of Croatia |
1588 | Wadi al-Laban | Morocco |
1592 | Bihać | Kingdom of Croatia |
1592 | Brest Pokupski | Kingdom of Croatia |
1593 | Sisak | Holy Roman Empire, Croatia |
1595 | Călugăreni | Wallachia |
1595 | Giurgiu | Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia, Holy Roman Empire |
1596 | Brest Pokupski | Kingdom of Croatia |
1596 | Eger | Habsburg Monarchy |
1596 | Keresztes | Habsburg Monarchy |
1599 | Șelimbăr | Wallachia |
1601 | Nagykanizsa | Holy Roman and many more |
1601 | Guruslău | Habsburg Monarchy |
1603 | Brașov | Wallachia |
1605 | Sufiyan | Safavid Persia |
1609 | Tashiskari | Kingdom of Imereti |
1620 | Tutora | Poland-Lithuania, Moldavia |
1621 | Khotyn (1621) | Poland-Lithuania |
1644 | Novi Zrin | Kingdom of Croatia |
1649 | Focchies | Venice |
1654 | Perast | Republic of Venice |
1654 | Dardanelles (1654) | Venice |
1655 | Dardanelles (1655) | Venice |
1656 | Dardanelles (1656) | Venice |
1657 | Dardanelles (1657) | Venice |
1663 | Köbölkút | Holy Roman Empire |
1663 | Érsekújvár | Holy Roman Empire |
1663 | Zrínyiújvár | Holy Roman Empire |
1663 | Zrínyiújvár | Holy Roman Empire |
1664 | Siege of Novi Zrin | Holy Roman Empire |
1664 | Léva | Holy Roman Empire |
1664 | Battle of Saint Gotthard | Holy Roman Empire |
1664 | Candia | Republic of Venice, Knights of Malta, France |
1673 | Khotyn (1673) | Poland-Lithuania |
1683 | Siege of Vienna | Holy Roman Empire, Poland-Lithuania |
1683 | Párkány | Holy Roman Empire |
1684 | Vác | Holy Roman Empire |
1684 | Buda | Holy Roman Empire |
1684 | Lefkada | Republic of Venice |
1685 | Érsekújvár | Holy Roman Empire |
1685 | Eperjes | Holy Roman Empire |
1685 | Kassa | Holy Roman Empire |
1686 | Battle of Buda | Holy League, Christian Coalition |
1686 | Pécs | Holy Roman Empire |
1687 | Second Battle of Mohács | Holy Roman Empire |
1687 | Crimea | Tsardom of Russia |
1687 | Crimea | Tsardom of Russia |
1688 | Chalkis | Republic of Venice |
1688 | Belgrade | Holy Roman Empire, Bavaria |
1688 | Batočina | Holy Roman Empire |
1689 | Niš | Holy Roman Empire |
1690 | Zernest | Holy Roman Empire, Transylvania |
1690 | Mytilene | Republic of Venice |
1690 | Belgrade | Holy Roman Empire |
1691 | Slankamen | Holy Roman Empire |
1694 | Ustechko | Poland-Lithuania |
1695 | Oinousses Islands | Venice |
1695 | Azov | Tsardom of Russia |
1695 | Lugos | Holy Roman Empire |
1696 | Azov | Tsardom of Russia |
1696 | Andros | Venice |
1696 | Cenei | Holy Roman Empire |
1697 | Ulaş | Holy Roman Empire |
1697 | Zenta | Holy Roman Empire |
1698 | Podhajce | Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |
1698 | Samothrace | Venice |
1711 | Pruth River | Russian Empire |
1716 | Petrovaradin | Holy Roman Empire |
1717 | Imbros | Venice |
1717 | Matapan | Venice, Portugal, Knights of Malta, Papal States |
1733 | Kirkuk | Safavid Persia |
1735 | Yeghevard | Safavid Persia |
1737 | Banja Luka | Holy Roman Empire |
1739 | Grocka | Holy Roman Empire |
1739 | Stavuchany | Russian Empire |
1745 | Kars | Afsharid Persia |
1757 | Khresili | Kingdom of Imereti |
1770 | Aspindza | Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti |
1770 | Chesma | Russian Empire |
1770 | Larga | Russian Empire |
1770 | Kagul | Russian Empire |
1774 | Kozluca | Russian Empire |
1774 | Kerch | Russian Empire |
1775 | Algiers | Spanish Empire |
1789 | Sebeş | Holy Roman Empire |
1789 | Fokşani | Holy Roman Empire, Russian Empire |
1789 | Rymnik | Holy Roman Empire, Russian Empire |
1790 | Kerch | Russian Empire |
1791 | Kaliakra | Russian Empire |
1798 | Pyramids | France |
1799 | Acre | France |
1799 | Abukir | France |
1805 | Derne | United States |
1805 | Ivankovac | Serbian rebels |
1806 | Mišar | Serbian rebels |
1806 | Deligrad | Serbian rebels |
1807 | Arpachai | Russian Empire |
1807 | Athos | Russian Empire |
1809 | Čegar | Serbian rebels |
1810 | Batin | Russian Empire |
1812 | Al Safra | Saudi Arab rebels |
1813 | Jeddah | Saudi Arab rebels |
1815 | Ljubić | Serbian rebels |
1821 | Alamana | Greek rebels |
1821 | Dragashani | Greek rebels |
1822 | Dervenakia | Greek rebels |
1822 | Nauplia | Greek rebels |
1822 | Chios | Greek rebels |
1825 | Gerontas | Greek rebels |
1827 | Kamatero | Greek rebels |
1827 | Navarino | Russian Empire, United Kingdom, France |
1829 | Kulevicha | Russian Empire |
1830 | Algiers | France |
1831 | Third Kosovo | Bosnia (revolters) |
1839 | Konya | Egypt (revolters) |
1839 | Nizib | Egypt (revolters) |
1840 | Acre | Egypt(revolters) |
1853 | Oltenitza | Russian Empire |
1853 | Sinop | Russian Empire |
1854 | Silistra | Russian Empire |
1854 | Kurekdere | Russian Empire |
1855 | Eupatoria | Russian Empire |
1877 | Kızıl Tepe | Russian Empire |
1877 | Plevna | Russian Empire, Romania, Bulgaria (revolters) |
1877 | Shipka | Russian Empire, Bulgaria (revolters) |
1877 | Taşkesen | Russian Empire |
1878 | Plevna | Russian Empire |
1878 | Mouzaki | Greece |
1880 | Ulqin | Albanian Irregulars |
1881 | Tunisia | France |
1897 | Domokos | Greece |
1893 | Al Wajbah | Qatar (revolters) |
The sultans of the Ottoman Empire participated in some of the battles listed above. For those battles see List of the Ottoman battles in which the sultan participated
See also
- List of wars involving the Ottoman Empire
- List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century
- List of Ottoman battles in the World War I
- List of treaties of the Ottoman Empire
- List of Turkic dynasties and countries
Notes
- In most Ottoman European battles troops from many countries fought against Ottomans. Here, only the major opponents are listed.
- The battle continued during the night, both sides using torches. Hence the name
References
- Nicolae Jorga: Geschiste des osmanischen , trans. by Nilüfer Epçeli, Yeditepe Yayınları, İstanbul, 2009, ISBN 975-6480-17-3
- Prof.Dr.Yaşar Yücel-Prof.Dr.Ali Sevim: Türkiye Tarihi II, III, IV, AKDTYK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1990,