List of Western Bloc defectors

Incomplete list of Western Bloc intelligence agents, military personnel, scientists, politicians, diplomats, and other prominent people who Eastern Bloc or non-aligned countries during the Cold War.

List of notable Western Bloc defections
Defector Profession/Prominence Country of origin Year of Defection Country of defection
Erwin BorchersFrench Foreign LegionGermany / France1945Viet Minh[1]
Ernst FreyFrench Foreign LegionAustria / France1945Viet Minh[2]
Siegfried WenzelFrench Foreign LegionGermany / France1945Viet Minh[3]
Costas SarantidisFrench Foreign LegionGreece / France1946Viet Minh[4]
Stefan KubiakFrench Foreign LegionPoland / France1946Viet Minh[5]
Park Si-HyeongHistorianSouth Korea (U.S. Occupation Zone)1946North Korea (Soviet Occupation Zone)[6]
Karl-Eduard von SchnitzlerBBC journalistWest Germany (British Occupation Zone)1947East Germany (Soviet Occupation Zone)[7]
Emil SelhoferFrench Foreign LegionSwitzerland / France1947Viet Minh[8]
George Shaw WheelerForeign Economic Administration economistUnited States1947Czechoslovakia
Annabelle BucarState DepartmentUnited States1948Soviet Union[9]
Hong Myong-HuiWriterSouth Korea1948North Korea[10]
Kang Tae-MuRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1948North Korea[11]
Kim Sun-NamComposerSouth Korea1948North Korea[12]
George KovalAtomic spyUnited States1948Soviet Union
James McMillinUnited States Army cryptographerUnited States1948Soviet Union
Pyo Mu-WonRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1948North Korea[11]
Albert ClavierFrench ArmyFrance1949Viet Minh[13]
Robert DagleishForeign OfficeUnited Kingdom1949Soviet Union[14]
Gerhart EislerJournalistUnited States1949East Germany
Noel FieldState DepartmentUnited States1949Czechoslovakia
Archibald JohnstoneJournalistUnited Kingdom1949Soviet Union[14]
James StuartBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1949East Germany[15]
Miroslav SurýFrench Foreign LegionCzechoslovakia / France1949Viet Minh[16]
František VaňharaFrench Foreign LegionCzechoslovakia / France1949Viet Minh[16]
David YoungRoyal NavyUnited Kingdom1949People's Republic of China[17]
Ian MilnerUnited Nations diplomatAustralia1950Czechoslovakia[18]
Ján PoláčekFrench Foreign LegionCzechoslovakia / France1950Viet Minh[16]
Bruno PontecorvoAtomic physicistItaly / United Kingdom1950Soviet Union (via Finland)
John PeetReuters correspondentUnited Kingdom1950East Germany
Nâzım Hikmet RanWriterTurkey1950Soviet Union
Ri Sung GiSeoul National University chemistry professorSouth Korea1950North Korea
Arna RidesBritish Council medical adviserUnited Kingdom1950Czechoslovakia[19]
Josef ZvoníkFrench Foreign LegionCzechoslovakia / France1950Viet Minh[16]
Guy BurgessForeign Office /MI5United Kingdom1951Soviet Union
Donald MacleanForeign OfficeUnited Kingdom1951Soviet Union
Alfred SarantMilitary engineer / Atomic spyUnited States1951Poland, then Soviet Union
Joel BarrMilitary engineer / Atomic spyUnited States1951Czechoslovakia, then Soviet Union
Margaret SchlauchNew York University English professorUnited States1951Poland[20]
Weng WenhaoGeologist and Kuomintang politicianTaiwan1951People's Republic of China[21]
Heiner BraunTrack athlete (5000 meters)West Germany1952East Germany[22]
Stefan HeymUnited States Army / WriterUnited States1952Czechoslovakia, then East Germany
Günther GerekeChristian Democratic Union politicianWest Germany1952East Germany[23]
Victor GrossmanUnited States ArmyUnited States1952East Germany[24]
Kug Yong AmRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1952North Korea[25]
Charles LucasUnited States ArmyUnited States1952East Germany[26]
Aubrey E. MilesUnited States ArmyUnited States1952East Germany[27]
Wolfgang Gans zu PutlitzMI5United Kingdom1952East Germany[28]
Miloud SalhiFrench ArmyFrance1952Viet Minh[29]
Clarence AdamsUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Howard Gayle AdamsUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Albert Constant BelhommeUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Otto Grayson BellUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Arthur BoydUnited States ArmyUnited States1953East Germany[31]
Andrew CondronRoyal MarinesUnited Kingdom1953People's Republic of China[32]
Richard G. CordenUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
William CowartUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
W. GlancyBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1953East Germany[33]
Rufus DouglasUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
John Roedel DunnUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Andrew FortunaUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Hans Joachim GeyerGehlen OrganizationWest Germany1953East Germany[34]
Lewis GriggsUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Samuel David HawkinsUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China
Wolfgang HöherGehlen OrganizationWest Germany1953East Germany[35]
R. IrvineBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1953East Germany[33]
Kim Sung BaiRepublic of Korea Air ForceSouth Korea1953North Korea[36]
S. LewesBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1953East Germany[33]
Norman M. LowellUnited States ArmyUnited States1953East Germany[37]
R. W. LuwmanRoyal Netherlands ArmyNetherlands1953East Germany[38]
Clifford F. MurphyUnited States ArmyUnited States1953East Germany[39]
Arlie PateUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Scott RushUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Lowell SkinnerUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Larance SullivanUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Richard TennesonUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
James VenerisUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Harold WebbUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
R. WanroyRoyal Netherlands ArmyNetherlands1953East Germany[38]
William WhiteUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Morris WillsUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Aaron WilsonUnited States ArmyUnited States1953People's Republic of China[30]
Stanislaw ZdanowskiUnited States ArmyUnited States1953Poland[40]
William Donal AdkinsUnited States ArmyUnited States1954Soviet Union[41]
Choi Man ChongRepublic of Korea Air ForceSouth Korea1954North Korea[42]
Joseph CortDoctor of medicine and University of Birmingham physiology lecturerUnited States1954Czechoslovakia[43]
James DavisUnited States ArmyUnited States1954Czechoslovakia[44]
Bruno FoltaRadio announcerWest Germany1954Czechoslovakia[45]
Raymond H. HuttoUnited States ArmyUnited States1954East Germany[46]
Otto JohnBundesamt für VerfassungsschutzWest Germany1954East Germany
Karl Franz Schmidt-WittmackBundestag deputy and Christian Democratic Union politicianWest Germany1954East Germany[47]
Richard SquiresBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1954Soviet Union[48]
William TurnerUnited States ArmyUnited States1954Soviet Union[49]
Ralph Bernard Frederick CrossCanadian ArmyCanada1955East Germany[50]
James W. PulleyUnited States ArmyUnited States1955East Germany[46]
Manfred von BrauchitschRacing driverWest Germany1955East Germany
Ho Wei-ChinRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwan1955People's Republic of China[51]
B. F. HollandUnited States ArmyUnited States1955East Germany[52]
Horst SpanierUnited States ArmyUnited States1955East Germany[53]
Wei Li-HuangRepublic of China ArmyTaiwan1955People's Republic of China[54]
Hung Chin-ShanRepublic of China PoliceTaiwan1955People's Republic of China[55]
Henri MaillotFrench ArmyFrance1956Algerian National Liberation Front
Wolf-Dieter LoeblBundeswehrWest Germany1956East Germany[56]
Orest Stephen MakarPhotogrammetrist and St. Louis University engineering associate professorUnited States1956Soviet Union[57]
Anthony WraightRoyal Air ForceUnited Kingdom1956Soviet Union[58]
Augustin Cabrera OrozaSpanish NavySpain1957Mexico[59]
Manuel Fernandez RodriguezSpanish NavySpain1957Mexico[59]
Ginas Jiminez NortesSpanish NavySpain1957Mexico[59]
Enrique Medina FernandezSpanish NavySpain1957Mexico[59]
Jürgen MickeleitBundeswehrWest Germany1957East Germany[60]
Victor RodriguezSpanish NavySpain1957Mexico[59]
Alfred Kaufman SternPhilanthropistUnited States1957Czechoslovakia
Martha Dodd SternPhilanthropistUnited States1957Czechoslovakia
Ernie FletcherUnited States ArmyUnited States1959East Germany[61]
Klaus FuchsAtomic spyUnited Kingdom1959Exchanged to East Germany
Ho Ye-ChenRepublic of China ArmyTaiwan1959People's Republic of China[62]
Arnold KephartUnited States ArmyUnited States1959East Germany[63]
Billy MullisUnited States ArmyUnited States1959East Germany[64]
Lee Harvey OswaldUnited States Marine CorpsUnited States1959Soviet Union via Finland
Libero RicciardelliUnited States Air ForceUnited States1959Soviet Union[65]
Franz Julius SchröderChristian Democratic Union aideWest Germany1959East Germany[66]
Arthur WegnerUniversity of Münster law professorWest Germany1959East Germany[67]
John B. WittUnited States ArmyUnited States1959Czechoslovakia[68]
Franz BöttgerBundeswehrWest Germany1960East Germany[69]
Guy BouchardCanadian ArmyCanada1960East Germany[70]
Horst BraunBundesluftwaffeWest Germany1960East Germany[69]
Bruce DavisUnited States ArmyUnited States1960Soviet Union[49]
Joseph DutkaniczUnited States Army Military IntelligenceUnited States1960Soviet Union
Richard GromekBundeswehrWest Germany1960East Germany[71]
Gilbert Paul JenkersonBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1960East Germany[72]
Bernon F. MitchellNational Security AgencyUnited States1960Soviet Union
William H. MartinNational Security AgencyUnited States1960Soviet Union
Peter PetrichBundeswehrWest Germany1960East Germany[71]
Serafin SanchezUnited States Air ForceUnited States1960Cuba[73]
Paul SchlüterSocial Democratic Party of Germany politicianWest Germany1960East Germany[74]
Vladimir SlobodaUnited States Army Military IntelligenceUnited States1960Soviet Union[75]
John StroblCanadian ArmyCanada1960East Germany[76]
Horst TuschlaBundeswehrWest Germany1960East Germany[69]
Otto WeissenbergerCartographerWest Germany1960East Germany[77]
Walter BarthBundeswehrWest Germany1961East Germany[78]
Walter HagemannChristian Democratic Union politician and University of Münster journalism professorWest Germany1961East Germany[79]
K. H. FalkBundesamt für VerfassungsschutzWest Germany1961East Germany[80]
Fernando GanhaoPortuguese ArmyPortugal1961Mozambican Liberation Front[81]
Ollie HarringtonCartoonistUnited States1961East Germany
Junge familyUniversity of Washington scientistsUnited States1961Czechoslovakia[82]
Winfried KrychowskiBundeswehrWest Germany1961East Germany[78]
Mohamed LamariFrench ArmyFrance1961Algerian National Liberation Front
Wolfgang ObjegloBundeswehrWest Germany1961East Germany[78]
Mário Moutinho de PáduaPortuguese ArmyPortugal1961Congo-Léopoldville[83]
Larry Allen AbshierUnited States ArmyUnited States1962North Korea
Wilfried AlsguthBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Herbert BöhmerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Heinz-Dieter BrehningBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
James Joseph DresnokUnited States ArmyUnited States1962North Korea
Günther FischerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Heinrich FrankBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
R. S. HareldUnited States ArmyUnited States1962Czechoslovakia[85]
Guntram HoffmannBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Rudolf AbelAtomic spyUnited States1962Exchanged to Soviet Union
Bobby Joe KeeseeUnited States ArmyUnited States1962Cuba[86]
Henry KiernanUnited States ArmyUnited States1962East Germany[87]
Albert KostedeBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Richard LangBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
David MichaelEngineerUnited States1962Cuba[88]
Erwin MiranBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Nguyen Van CuRepublic of Vietnam Air ForceSouth Vietnam1962Cambodia[89]
Klaus ReichardtBundesluftwaffeWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Willi SalzmannBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Peter-Joseph SchödderBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Manfred SchüsslerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Horst PilgerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Peter PitzenBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Bodo RatzingerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Dieter SchmutzlerBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Otto SchwarzBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Ronald StanleyBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1962East Germany[90]
Jürgen SteinigtwegBundesmarine MarinefliegerWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Robert StuckhausBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Wolfgang VogtBundesluftwaffeWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Berthold WizienBundeswehrWest Germany1962East Germany[84]
Thomas BadeyUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany[91]
Frank BartonUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany[92]
Richard BourretPhysicistUnited States1963Cuba[93]
Benjamin CainUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany[94]
Klaus ChepelierBundeswehrWest Germany1963East Germany[95]
Victor Norris HamiltonNational Security AgencyUnited States1963Soviet Union
Reymond HerzetBelgian ArmyBelgium1963East Germany[96]
Gary MartzkeUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany[97]
Roberto "Robert" Ramos MichelenaUnited States Air ForceUnited States1963Cuba[98]
James Carl MooreUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany[99]
Heinrich James NewtonUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany[100]
Jerry Wayne ParrishUnited States ArmyUnited States1963North Korea
Brian PatchettBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1963East Germany[101]
Christopher John PengateBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1963East Germany[102]
Kim PhilbySecret Intelligence ServiceUnited Kingdom1963Soviet Union
Alfred SvensonUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany[103]
Willard E. ValentiniUnited States ArmyUnited States1963East Germany[104]
Jacinto VelosoPortuguese Air ForcePortugal1963Mozambican Liberation Front[105]
Chan ChuehOlympic Games officialTaiwan1964People's Republic of China[106]
Cheng Yi-MingIntelligence BureauTaiwan1964People's Republic of China[107]
Li Fung-RyongRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1964North Korea[108]
Theo van EijckMarine-LuchtvaartdienstNetherlands1964Libya[109]
Anatoly P. KotlobyRocket scientistUnited States1964Soviet Union[110]
Ma Ching-ShanOlympic sharpshooterTaiwan1964People's Republic of China[111]
Claude SwainUnited States ArmyUnited States1964East Germany[112]
Zhao ZongliRepublic of China NavyTaiwan1964People's Republic of China[113]
Bui Van TrachRepublic of Vietnam Air ForceSouth Vietnam1965Cambodia[114]
Chan Chen-ChinRepublic of China ArmyTaiwan1965People's Republic of China[115]
Chen LiIntelligence BureauTaiwan1965People's Republic of China[116]
Alfred FrenzelSocial Democratic Party of Germany politicianWest Germany1965Exchanged to East Germany
Hua Tsu-HsinDiplomatTaiwan1965People's Republic of China[117]
Charles Robert JenkinsUnited States ArmyUnited States1965North Korea
Glen Roy RohrerUnited States Army Military IntelligenceUnited States1965Czechoslovakia
Ana Maria Silva PaisDaughter of PIDE Director Fernando SilvaPortugal1965Cuba[118]
Li ZongrenFormer Kuomintang politician, vice president and acting president of ChinaUnited States1965People's Republic of China[119]
Nguyen Chi CanhHuế police chiefSouth Vietnam1965North Vietnam[120]
Stephen BiggsBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1965East Germany[121]
Harold M. KochRoman Catholic priestUnited States1966Soviet Union[122]
John Discoe SmithState DepartmentUnited States1966Soviet Union[123][124]
Nguyen Duch HienRepublic of Vietnam Air ForceSouth Vietnam1966Cambodia[125]
Craig AndersonUnited States NavyUnited States1967Sweden[126]
Richard BaileyUnited States NavyUnited States1967Sweden[126] via Japan[127]
John BarillaUnited States NavyUnited States1967Sweden[126]
George BlakeSecret Intelligence ServiceUnited Kingdom1967Soviet Union
Lorenzo BrownUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Costa CalfelisJournalistGreece1967Switzerland[128]
Des CarragherUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Jerry CondonUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Jerry DassGreen Beret SFOD B, S-5United Statesc. 1967Sweden[129][130]
Jimmy DotsonUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
John ForlerUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Kenneth C. GriggsUnited States ArmyUnited States1967Cuba[131]
Bob JansonUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Roy Ray JonesUnited States ArmyUnited States1967Sweden[132]
Walter HarshallUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Tom HayesUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden, later managed Clergy & Layman Concerned
Roger HinchliffeUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Dick KilmerUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Steve KinnemanUnited States ArmyUnited States1967Sweden[133] via Thailand, and Laos[127]
Michael LindnerUnited States NavyUnited States1967Sweden[126]
William MalesUnited States ArmyUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden[127]
McKinley NolanUnited States ArmyUnited States1967North Vietnam[134]
Henry NordbyUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Rich PauleyUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Richard Harwood PearceUnited States ArmyUnited States1967Cuba[135]
Irving RubinUnited States ArmyUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden[127]
Arnold SchölzelBundeswehrWest Germany1967East Germany
David SmithUnited States ArmyUnited States1967Sweden[127]
Joe StewartUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Tseng Chao-PingRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwan1967People's Republic of China[136]
Herbert WashingtonUSAREURUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden[127]
Ted WeisbergUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Terry WhitmoreUnited States militaryUnited Statesc. 1967Sweden
Robert ArgentoUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[137]
Edwin ArnettUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[138]
John AshleyUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[137]
Samuel BrownUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[139]
Gerald BurgerUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[139]
Robert BurroughsUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[137]
Robert CarrollUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[139]
Kenneth CooperUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[139]
Erwin FosterUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[137]
David HaireUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[140]
Rodney HuthUnited States Marine CorpsUnited States1968Sweden[139]
Edward JohnsonUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[140]
William JonesUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[137]
Bruce Mayordraft evaderUnited States1968Sweden, served in the Swedish Army and has run for a seat in Parliament[127]
Richard Lee McKinneyUnited States Marine CorpsUnited States1968Sweden[141]
Peter MoebiusPhysicistWest Germany1968East Germany[142]
Justin OlsonUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[137]
Herbert PatzeltEuropean Atomic Energy Community aideWest Germany1968East Germany[142]
William PercellUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[140]
Ehrenfried PetrasMicrobiologistWest Germany1968East Germany[143]
Bruce ProctorFormer Defense Intelligence Agency analystUnited States1968Sweden[144]
Richard Lee ProppUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[137]
David RomanUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[139]
Raymond SansivieroUnited States Marine CorpsUnited States1968Sweden[145]
Parker SmithUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[137]
Vincent StrolloUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[139]
Richard TannimuraUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[139]
Gregory VitarelleUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[139]
Mark WarrellUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[139]
Eugene WestbrooksUnited States ArmyUnited States1968Sweden[139]
J. W. WrightUnited States Air ForceUnited States1968Soviet Union[146]
William Lee BrentBlack Panther Party activistUnited States1969Cuba
Irvin Leon ButlerUnited States NavyUnited States1969Sweden[147]
Lona CohenAtomic spiesUnited States1969Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Morris CohenAtomic spiesUnited States1969Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Jerry Bhagwan DassUnited States ArmyUnited States1969Sweden[148]
Robert Edward DostlikUnited States Marine CorpsUnited States1969Cuba[149]
Heinz FelfeBundesnachrichtendienstWest Germany1969Exchanged to East Germany
Olaf FoertschBundeswehrWest Germany1969East Germany[150]
Ludwig GummertBundeswehrWest Germany1969East Germany[151]
Thomas KavanaughUnited States ArmyUnited States1969East Germany[152]
Hans-Joachim KruseBundeswehrWest Germany1969East Germany[153]
Robert KündigerBundesmarineWest Germany1969East Germany[154]
John LowneyUnited States Marine CorpsUnited States1969North Vietnam[155]
Vassilios TsironisDoctor of medicineGreece1969Albania[156]
Jim WalchUnited States ArmyUnited States1969Sweden[127]
Zhou ZhendeRepublic of China ArmyTaiwan1969People's Republic of China[157]
Kimihuro UomotoRed Army FactionJapan1970North Korea
Kimiko FukudomeRed Army FactionJapan1970North Korea
Kintaro YoshidaRed Army FactionJapan1970North Korea
Moriaki WakabayashiRed Army FactionJapan1970North Korea
Shirō AkagiRed Army FactionJapan1970North Korea
Takahiro KonishiRed Army FactionJapan1970North Korea
Takamaro TamiyaRed Army FactionJapan1970North Korea
Takeshi OkamotoRed Army FactionJapan1970North Korea
Yasuhiro ShibataRed Army FactionJapan1970North Korea
Alvin GlatkowskiUnited States Merchant MarineUnited States1970Attempted defection to Cambodia
Clyde McKayUnited States Merchant MarineUnited States1970Attempted defection to Cambodia
Larry HumphreyUnited States ArmyUnited States1970Cambodia[158]
Mihalis ManiadakisRoyal Hellenic Air ForceGreece1970Soviet Union[159]
Chang Shuang-ChaoMinistry of Finance aideTaiwan1971People's Republic of China[160]
Sun Chi-ChouDiplomatTaiwan1971People's Republic of China[161]
Michael DeberryUSAREURUnited States1971Sweden[127]
Tom HorneGreen BeretUnited Statesc. 1971Sweden[162]
Ernest HunterUnited States Air ForceUnited Statesc. 1971Sweden[163]
Hans-Dieter ReinkensmeierGerman Army Aviation CorpsWest Germany1971East Germany[164]
Harold HillRolls-Royce Limited engineerUnited Kingdom1971Soviet Union[165]
Esteban LlanaUnited States Air ForceUnited States1971Panama[166]
Jaime MoraisPortuguese ArmyPortugal1971Sweden[167]
Bernard PryerUnited States ArmyUnited States1971Panama[166]
John R. VequistUnited States ArmyUnited States1971Sweden[168]
Tobey WagnerUnited States ArmyUnited States1971Panama[166]
Kevin CadwalladerBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1972Sweden[169]
Ngo Cong DucJournalistSouth Vietnam1972Sweden[170]
Pham Van DinhArmy of the Republic of VietnamSouth Vietnam1972North Vietnam[165]
Philip AgeeCentral Intelligence AgencyUnited States1973Attempted defection to the Soviet Union but was denied; then Cuba[171]
Sung Wei-PiFormer diplomatTaiwan1973People's Republic of China[172]
Gerard BurnsBritish ArmyUnited Kingdom1974Ireland[173]
Nguyen Thanh TrungRepublic of Vietnam Air ForceSouth Vietnam1975North Vietnam[174]
Jürgen SchneiderBundeswehrWest Germany1976East Germany[175]
Bong JuRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1977North Korea[176]
William Joseph BlackUnited States ArmyUnited States1977Czechoslovakia[177]
Yu Un HakRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1977North Korea[176]
Robert ThompsonUnited States Air ForceUnited States1978Exchanged to the Soviet Union
Erhard MuellerBundesmarine Aviation WingWest Germany1978East Germany[178]
Li Jun-GwangRepublic of Korea Army military intelligenceSouth Korea1978North Korea[179]
Roy ChungUnited States ArmyUnited States1979East Germany, then to North Korea
Ursel LorenzenNATO aideWest Germany1979East Germany[180]
Christel BroszeyChristian Democratic Union aideWest Germany1979East Germany[181]
Inge GoliathChristian Democratic Union aideWest Germany1979East Germany[181]
Helga RoedigerFederal Ministry of Finance (Germany)West Germany1979East Germany[182]
Alexander LambertSouth African Bureau of State SecurityRepublic of South Africa1979Sweden[183]
Justin LinRepublic of China ArmyTaiwan1979People's Republic of China
Friedrich TombergPädagogische Hochschule philosophy professorWest Germany1979East Germany[184]
Kim Ryong-JinRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1979North Korea[185]
Imelda VerreptNATO aideBelgium1980East Germany[186]
Günter GuillaumeAide to West German ChancellorWest Germany1981Exchanged to East Germany
Frank TerpilCentral Intelligence AgencyUnited States1981Libya, then to Cuba[187]
Huang ZhichengRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwan1981People's Republic of China[188]
Ma BiKuomintang adviserTaiwan1981People's Republic of China[189]
Robert VescoFinancierUnited States1982Cuba
Joseph T. WhiteUnited States ArmyUnited States1982North Korea
Gerhard G.Bundesamt für VerfassungsschutzWest Germany1982East Germany[190]
Gerald Andreas EckertSouth African ArmyRepublic of South Africa1983Mozambique[191]
Li DaweiRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwan1983People's Republic of China[192]
Mun Sang-CholRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1983North Korea[193]
Assata ShakurBlack Panther Party activistUnited States1984Cuba
Xie YuchenFilm directorTaiwan1984People's Republic of China[194]
Zhang JinfengFilm producerTaiwan1984People's Republic of China[194]
Hans TiedgeBundesamt für VerfassungsschutzWest Germany1985East Germany
Jeffrey CarneyUnited States Air ForceUnited States1985East Germany
Ra Il-RyongRepublic of Korea ArmySouth Korea1985North Korea[195]
Edward Lee HowardCentral Intelligence AgencyUnited States1985Soviet Union
Sonja LuenbergAide to Minister of the Economy Martin BangemannWest Germany1985East Germany[196]
Herta-Astrid WillnerAide to West German ChancellorWest Germany1985East Germany[197]
Herbert WillnerDefense analystWest Germany1985East Germany[197]
Rudolf AlkenUniversity of Mainz researcherWest Germany1985East Germany[198]
Karl KoecherCentral Intelligence AgencyUnited States1986Exchanged to Czechoslovakia
Hugo AlmeidaUnited States ArmyUnited States1986Cuba
Glenn Michael SoutherUnited States NavyUnited States1986Soviet Union
Arnold LokshinBiochemistUnited States1986Soviet Union
Wang XijueAirline pilotTaiwan1986People's Republic of China[199]
Wade E. RobertsUnited States ArmyUnited States1987Soviet Union[200][201]
Stig BerglingSwedish Security Service officerSweden1987Soviet Union via Finland [202]
Theodore BranchRadio announcerUnited States1987Soviet Union[203]
Choe Deok-SinFormer South Korean diplomat and foreign ministerUnited States1987North Korea
Song Chang-GuUnited States Army aideSouth Korea1988North Korea[204]
Lin XianshunRepublic of China Air ForceTaiwan1989People's Republic of China[205]
Michael PeriUnited States ArmyUnited States1989East Germany

See also

References
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