List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun

These Solar System minor planets are the farthest from the Sun as of June 2020. The objects have been categorized by their approximate heliocentric distance from the Sun, and not by the greatest calculated aphelion of their orbit. The list changes over time because the objects are moving. Some objects are inbound and some are outbound. It would be difficult to detect long-distance comets if it weren't for their comas, which become visible when heated by the Sun. Distances are measured in astronomical units (AU, Sun–Earth distances). The distances are not the minimum (perihelion) or the maximum (aphelion) that may be achieved by these objects in the future.

Positions of known outer Solar System objects.   Sun
  Jupiter trojans (6,178)
  Scattered disc (>300)   Giant planets: J · S · U · N
  Centaurs (44,000)
  Kuiper belt (>1,000)
(scale in AU; epoch as of January 2015; # of objects in parentheses)

This list does not include near-parabolic comets of which many are known to currently be more than 100 AU (15 billion km) from the Sun, but are too far away to currently be observed by telescope. Trans-Neptunian objects are typically announced publicly months or years after their discovery, so as to make sure the orbit is correct before announcing it. Due to their greater distance from the Sun and slow movement across the sky, trans-Neptunian objects with observation arcs less than several years often have poorly constrained orbits. Particularly distant objects discovered in 2020 may only be announced in 2022 or later.

Noted objects

One particularly distant body is 90377 Sedna, which was discovered in November 2003. Although it takes over 10,000 years to orbit, during the next 50 years it will slowly move closer to the Sun as it comes to perihelion at a distance of 76 AU from the Sun.[1] Sedna is the largest known sednoid, a class of objects that play an important role in the Planet Nine hypothesis.

Pluto (30–49 AU, about 34 AU in 2015) was the first Kuiper belt object to be discovered (1930) and is the largest known plutoid (or ice dwarf).

Images

Some Notable Trans-Neptunian Objects
This observation of Halley's Comet in 2003, when it was 28 AU from the Sun, illustrates some of the difficulty in observing objects as they grow more distant.
Eris and its moon Dysnomia as viewed with the Hubble Space Telescope, 2007.
Makemake viewed with the Hubble Space Telescope, 2006
Sedna viewed with Hubble Space Telescope, 2004
The orbit of Sedna, shown in red, with the dot marking its current location. Inside are the orbits of the giant planets of the Solar System, and that of Pluto in purple. Sedna will travel out nearly 1000 AU, taking almost six millennia to do so. It is currently less than 100 AU from the Sun.

Known distant objects

This is a list of known objects at heliocentric distances of more than 50 AU. In theory, the Oort Cloud could extend over 120,000 AU (2 ly) from the Sun.

Most-distant observable objects in the Solar System as of 1 March 2020[2]
Object name	Distance from the Sun (AU)		Radial velocity (AU/yr)[lower-alpha 1]				Apparent magnitude	Absolute magnitude (H)	Important Dates
Object name	June 2020	December 2015	Radial velocity (AU/yr)[lower-alpha 1]	Perihelion	Aphelion	Semimajor axis	Apparent magnitude	Absolute magnitude (H)	Discovered	Announced
Great Comet of 1680 (for comparison)	257.56[3]	255.42[3]	0.47[3]	0.006	889	444	Unknown	Unknown	1680-11-14	n/a
Voyager 1 (for comparison)	149.36[3]	133.3[3]	3.57[3]	8.90	∞ Hyperbolic	−3.2[4]	50	28	n/a	n/a
"FarFarOut"	~140?[lower-alpha 2]	~140?[lower-alpha 3]		Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown		2019-02-21
Pioneer 10 (for comparison)	126.08[3]	114.8[3]	2.51[3]	4.94	∞ Hyperbolic	N/A[5]	49	29	n/a	n/a
2018 VG18	124.12	123.2	0.03	35.9	146.1	91.0	24.5	3.7	2018-11-10	2018-12-17
Voyager 2 (for comparison)	124.00[3]	109.7[3]	3.17[3]	21.2	∞ Hyperbolic	−4.02[4]	48	28	n/a	n/a
Pioneer 11 (for comparison)	103.14[3]	92.5[3]	2.35[3]	9.45	∞ Hyperbolic	N/A	48	29	n/a	n/a
Eris 136199	95.98	96.3	-0.07	38.3	97.5	67.9	18.8	−1.1	2003-10-21	2005-07-29
2015 TH367	89.99	88.2	0.42	28.9	136.4	82.6	26.3	6.6	2015-10-13	2018-03-13
2014 UZ224	89.95	91.9	-0.45	38.4	175.7	107.0	23.2	3.4	2014-10-21	2016-08-28
Gonggong 225088	88.47	87.4	0.23	33.7	101.2	67.5	21.1	1.6	2007-07-17	2009-01-07
2015 FG415	87.35			36.2	92.1	64.1	25.4	6
2014 FC69	85.32	84.1	0.25	40.4	103.8	72.1	24	4.6	2014-03-25	2015-02-11
Sedna 90377	84.52	85.8	-0.29	76.3	892.6	484.4	20.7	1.3	2003-11-14	2004-03-15
2006 QH181	84.36	83.3	0.22	37.5	96.7	67.1	23.7	4.3	2006-08-21	2006-11-05
2012 VP113	84.00	83.3	0.16	80.4	442.6	261.5	23.4	4	2012-11-05	2014-03-26
2015 VO166	83.95			38.3	113.2	75.8	25.3	5.9		2018-10-02
2013 FS28	83.50	85.9	-0.62	34.2	358.2	196.2	24.2	4.9	2013-03-16	2016-08-29
2017 SN132	82.04			42.0	110.0	76.0	25.1	5.8		2019-02-10
2015 UH87	81.48	82.3	-0.20	34.3	90.0	62.2	25.2	6	2015-10-16	2018-03-12
2013 FY₂₇ 532037	79.85	80.3	-0.10	35.2	82.1	58.7	22.2	3.2	2013-03-17	2014-03-31
2015 TJ367	78.98	88.2	0.42	33.6	128.1	80.9	25.8	6.7	2015-10-13	2018-03-13
2017 FO161	78.29			34.1	85.4	59.8	23.2	4.3		2018-04-02
Leleākūhonua 541132	78.02	79.8	-0.40	65.2	2106	1085	24.5	5.5	2015-10-13	2018-10-01
2015 VJ168	73.22			37.6	81.5	59.5	24.6	5.8		2018-10-03
2010 GB174	73.08	70.6	0.54	48.6	636.0	342.3	25.2	6.5	2010-04-12	2013-04-30
2014 FJ72	72.18	70.1	0.46	38.4	148.2	93.3	24.2	5.6	2014-03-24	2016-08-31
2016 TS97	71.28			36.2	71.7	54.0	24.8	6.1		2018-04-02
2015 GN55	71.24			32.5	78.4	55.5	24.4	5.8		2018-19-02
2015 VL168	70.12			37.7	136.0	86.8	24.7	6.1		2018-10-03
2012 FH84	68.98	68.8	0.07	41.9	70.1	56.0	25.6	7.2	2012-03-25	2016-06-07
2015 RZ277	68.97			34.7	90.5	62.6	25.3	6.8		2018-10-01
2015 GR50	68.53	68.4	0.07	38.2	69.7	54.0	25	6.6	2015-04-13	2016-08-31
2013 FQ28	68.18	67.8	0.19	45.6	80.0	62.7	24.4	6.0	2013-03-17	2016-06-07
2015 GP50	67.69	68.0	0.10	40.4	70.0	55.2	24.9	6.5	2015-04-14	2016-06-07
2016 CD289	66.96	65.8	0.18	37.5	74.0	55.8	25.6	7.3	2016-02-05	2018-03-13
2016 GZ276	66.67
2016 GB277	66.56
2014 UD228	66.54	66.1	0.18	3 6.7	73.3	55.0	24.5	6.1	2014-10-22	2017-12-07
2014 FL72	65.53			38.0	167.1	102.5	25	6.8		2016-08-31
2016 TQ120	65.39
2018 VO35[3]	65.27	67.9	-0.60	33.5	218.2	125.9	24.9	6.6		2019-02-10
2013 UJ15	65.24			37.2	67.4	52.3	25.3	7		2016-08-31
2015 RQ281	65.18	62.7		36.9	210.6	123.8	25	6.8		2019-03-27
2015 KV167	65.13			38.0	65.3	51.6	25.4	7.2		2018-03-13
2018 AZ18	65.07			39.1	70.5	54.8	26	7.7		2019-03-27
2014 FD70	64.94			35.9	78.6	57.3	25	6.9		2018-04-02
2014 SU349	64.47			28.5	157.0	92.8	25.4	7.2		2016-08-31
2015 KG172	64.34			41.2	70.1	55.7	24.3	6.1		2018-05-31
2014 FE72	63.84			36.3	2682	1359	24.2	6.1		2016-08-29
2017 DO121	63.72			26.9	330.2	178.5	25.5	7.6		2018-04-02
2013 AT183	63.33			35.5	87.7	61.6	23	4.9		2016-07-26
2015 RL258	63.08			34.4	67.5	50.9	24.6	6.5		2018-03-12
2000 CR₁₀₅ 148209	62.74			44.1	388.1	216.1	24.3	6.3		2000-03-16
2015 KF172	62.67			38.1	101.4	69.8	23.6	5.5		2018-05-31
2015 RR₂₄₅ 523794	62.20			34.1	129.4	81.7	21.9	3.8		2016-07-10
2015 VG157	62.10			39.0	68.9	54.0	25.6	7.5		2018-03-14
2017 VO34	62.09			35.2	68.8	52.0	25.4	7.3		2019-03-27
2018 AX18	62.09			36.8	67.4	52.1	24.7	6.6		2019-02-10
2015 RH278	62.01			34.3	76.7	55.5	25.2	7.2		2018-10-02
2008 ST₂₉₁ 528381	61.70			42.4	158.8	100.6	22.4	4.4		2009-11-14
2017 FD163	61.54			30.1	65.0	47.5	24.8	6.9		2019-03-27
2017 DP121	61.54			40.6	60.4	50.5	25	7.2		2018-04-02
2011 GM89	61.47			36.5	68.8	52.7	25.6	7.1		2016-08-31
2016 TP120	61.09
2014 FM72	61.06			34.1	76.8	55.5	24.1	6.2		2016-08-31
2014 SV349	60.98			34.0	90.0	62.0	23.2	5.2		2016-08-31
2018 JT6[3]	60.65	61.1	-0.10	42.8	63.8	53.3	24.7	6.8		2019-03-27
2016 TO120	60.57
2015 GW55	60.48			34.0	136.7	85.3	24.6	6.7		2018-10-03
2014 FF72	60.48			36.7	64.0	50.4	24.8	6.9		2016-08-31
2017 OK69	60.44			36.3	65.1	50.7	23.8	5.8		2019-03-27
2003 QX113	60.33	59.9		37.5	62.3	49.9	23	5.1		2006-04-22
2015 FU403	60.33			35.2	80.8	58.0	25.4	7.5		2018-03-12
2016 TN120	60.26
2015 KH162	60.22			41.6	82.5	62.1	22	4.1		2016-02-23
2013 JQ64	60.02	58.4		22.5	75.6	49.1	24.1	6.2		2015-09-13
2015 RX245	59.86			45.6	812.5	429.1	24.1	6.2		2016-06-19
2018 JU6[3]	59.76	60.4	-0.151	38.7	65.0	51.8	24.7	6.9		2019-03-27
2015 RK258	59.76			36.2	111.3	73.7	25	7.1		2018-03-11
2014 SZ349	59.31			36.5	123.8	80.2	25.3	7.4		2016-08-31
2015 TG367	59.22			37.6	66.1	51.8	25.2	7.3		2018-03-13
2010 JO179	59.10			39.6	118.0	78.8	21.9	4		2017-09-18
2018 AY18	58.86			50.2	62.3	56.3	25.3	7.5		2019-02-10
2015 FJ345	58.72			50.4	75.5	62.9	25.8	8.0	2015-03-17
2017 WH30	58.68			33.1	133.9	83.6	24.6	6.8
2015 VN168	58.63			36.5	86.1	61.3	25.4	7.6
2014 SY349	58.58			34.8	130.5	82.6	25.0	7.2
2016 FX58	58.35			39.2	65.1	54.6	23.7	5.9
2015 VG168	58.32			34.2	95.7	65.0	23.6	5.8
2014 FH72	58.25			36.8	77.2	57.0	25.0	7.2
2014 FL70	58.25			33.3	78.9	55.6	24.2	6.4
2013 SY99	57.92	59.8		50.0	1370	710.1	24.6	6.8	2013-09-05	2017-04-06
2013 UT₁₅ 505478	61.70			44.0	351.3	197.6	20.3	6.3	2013-08-02	2017-06-19
2014 UA230	57.81
2012 OL6	57.71
2017 FQ161	57.60
2014 FA72	57.52
2006 HX122	57.37	55.5
2004 XR190 ("Buffy")	57.06	57.5
2016 CN323	56.56
2014 SX349	56.54
2014 FZ71	56.37
2015 FV403	56.26
2014 FK72	55.87
2007 TB418	55.79
2014 UY229	55.77
2014 FG72	55.70
2014 FO69	55.65
2004 VU130	55.53	53.8
2014 EZ₅₁ 523692	55.33								2011-01-30	2016-07-16
2007 VK305	55.25	53.8
2014 FT28	55.16
2014 SS349	55.03
2009 KL30	54.84	54.7
2014 SR349	54.82
2018 VM35	54.77
2015 KQ174	54.75
2015 KZ175	54.72
2010 RF188	54.71
2013 UK15	54.62
2013 GQ136	54.20	54.7
2014 TZ₈₅ 523742	54.14								2013-12-06	2016-07-17
2010 RF43	54.00	53.2
2002 FV6	54.00	53.8
2007 LF38	53.89	51.9
2015 GS50	53.85
2009 KK30	53.84	52.4
2005 QU₁₈₂ 303775	53.67	51.3							2006-09-16	2008-12-03
2015 RG279	53.60
2013 UK17	53.59
2015 GQ50	53.56
2014 XY40	53.38
2001 UR₁₆₃ 42301	53.67	52.3							2001-10-21	2001-11-14
2015 PZ315	53.21
2013 JH₆₄ 500879	53.16	51.6							2013-04-09	2015-09-13
2014 ST349	53.14
2015 VC172	53.13
2012 UT177	53.07	52.9
2015 RJ281	52.93
2000 PJ₃₀ 54520	53.16								1999-07-21	2000-09-02
2001 OM109	52.81	50.8
2015 VS168	52.78
2014 UW229	52.71
2014 SW349	52.61
Makemake 136472	52.58	52.4
1999 KR18	52.56	52.7
2013 SR100	52.54
2014 WK₅₀₉ 523759	52.30								2011-10-24	2000-07-17
2018 GT12	52.23
2013 SA101	52.18
2015 FW403	52.10
2013 JM65	52.05	52.2
2017 FP161	52.00
2014 FC72	51.70
2014 ST373	51.59
2015 KY174	51.56
2000 CO105	51.51	51.1
1999 RU214	51.47	50.1
2014 UP250	51.46
2015 BP519	51.39
2010 RE₆₄ 523639	51.24	53.0							2010-11-10	2012-03-19
2001 UP18	51.01	50.9
2015 VD170	50.89
2015 GN58	50.89
2015 RB278	50.86
2002 CY₂₄₈ 524435	50.68	51.1							2002-02-06	2002-03-19
2009 YE₇ 386723	50.67	50.7
2015 GA56	50.61
2013 SD106	50.59
2002 GD₃₂ 437915	50.58	50.6							2002-04-07	2002-05-17
Haumea 136108	50.33	50.7
2001 QW₂₉₇ 182397	50.26								2001-08-20	2001-10-12
2013 SK102	50.26
2011 UV412	50.17
2013 TC172	50.16
2015 GQ58	50.15
2015 RF281	50.02
This table includes all observable objects currently located at least 50AU from the Sun.[2]

AU/yr indicates if the object is moving inwards or outwards in its orbit, and the rate at which it does so.
A crude estimate based on a short observation arc.
A crude estimate based on a short observation arc.

References

Most Distant Object In Solar System Discovered; NASA.gov; (2004)
"AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site". Retrieved 1 March 2020. Objects with distance from Sun over 50 AU
JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. "JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris". Retrieved 4 June 2020.
Ephemeris Type: Vector; Observer Location: @sun; Time Span: Start=2015-12-01, Stop=2020-06-01, Intervals=1; Table Settings: quantities code=6
https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/science/hyperbolic-orbital-elements/
https://www.projectpluto.com/probes.htm

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[RV-3] AU/yr indicates if the object is moving inwards or outwards in its orbit, and the rate at which it does so.

[shortarc-6] A crude estimate based on a short observation arc.

[ShortArc-7] A crude estimate based on a short observation arc.

[1] Most Distant Object In Solar System Discovered; NASA.gov; (2004)

[AstDyS-distances-2] "AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site". Retrieved 1 March 2020. Objects with distance from Sun over 50 AU

[JPL_Horizonscgi-4] JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. "JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris". Retrieved 4 June 2020.
Ephemeris Type: Vector; Observer Location: @sun; Time Span: Start=2015-12-01, Stop=2020-06-01, Intervals=1; Table Settings: quantities code=6

[voy-5] ttps://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/science/hyperbolic-orbital-elements/

[8] ttps://www.projectpluto.com/probes.htm

2018 in space
« 2017 2019 »
Space probe launches	TESS (lunar flyby; Apr 2018) InSight / Mars Cube One (mission to Mars; May 2018) Parker Solar Probe (solar space mission; Aug 2018) BepiColombo (mission to Mercury; Oct 2018) Chang'e 4 / Yutu-2 (mission to the Moon; Dec 2018)
Impact events	2018 LA Kamchatka meteor
Selected NEOs	Asteroid close approaches 2010 WC9 2017 VR12 2017 YE5 2017 YZ1 2018 AH 2018 BD 2018 BF3 2018 CB 2018 CC (276033) 2002 AJ129 (505657) 2014 SR339 2018 CF2 2018 CL 2018 CN2 2018 CY2 2018 DV1 2018 GE3 2018 PD20 2018 LF16 2018 WV1 (163899) 2003 SD220
Exoplanets	Gliese 1132 c possible exomoon Kepler-1625b I K2-141b K2-146b K2-148b K2-155d K2-229b K2-239b K2-239c K2-239d K2-288Bb Barnard's Star b EPIC 211945201 b HD 89345 b KELT-21b NGTS-3Ab
Discoveries	LSPM J0207+3331 VVV-WIT-07 MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1 2017 OF69 (announced) 12 moons of Jupiter 541132 Leleākūhonua (orbit announced) Hyperion proto-supercluster 2MASS J18082002−5104378 2018 VG18
Novae	V357 Muscae (Nova Muscae) V906 Carinae (Nova Carinae) V392 Persei (Nova Persei) SN 2018cow
Comets	C/2017 T1 (Heinze) C/2017 U7 C/2018 C2 (Lemmon) 37P/Forbes 66P/du Toit 64P/Swift–Gehrels 38P/Stephan–Oterma C/2018 F4 (PANSTARRS) C/2018 V1 (Machholz-Fujikawa-Iwamoto) 46P/Wirtanen
Space exploration	Hayabusa2 (asteroid Ryugu arrival; Jun) Kepler retirement (Oct) Dawn retirement (Nov) InSight (Mars landing; Oct) OSIRIS-REx (asteroid Bennu arrival; Dec) Voyager 2 (enters interstellar space; Dec) New Horizons (encounter with 486958 Arrokoth; Dec 2018 / Jan 2019)
Category:2017 in space — Category:2018 in space — Category:2019 in space

List of Solar System objects most distant from the Sun

Noted objects

Images

Known distant objects

See also

References