List of natural satellites

The Solar System's planets, and its most likely dwarf planets, are known to be orbited by at least 219 natural satellites, or moons. 19 of them are large enough to be gravitationally rounded; of these, all are covered by a crust of ice except for Earth's Moon and Io.[1] Several of the largest ones are in hydrostatic equilibrium and would therefore be considered dwarf planets or planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun and not in their current states (orbiting planets or dwarf planets).

This article is about the moons of planets and dwarf planets. For other asteroid or minor-planet moons, see Minor-planet moon.
Solar System
Objects
Lists
Planets
Solar System portal
Star portal

Moons are classed in two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits (they orbit in the direction of their planets' rotation) and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde (against the direction of their planets' rotation) and often lie at extreme angles to their planets' equators. Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in diameter.

The earliest published discovery of a moon other than the Earth's was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three centuries only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the Voyager 1 and 2 missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected, and observations since the year 2000, using mostly large, ground-based optical telescopes, have discovered many more, all of which are irregular.

Moons by primary
Some moons, minor planets and comets of the Solar System to scale
Selected moons, with Earth to scale. Nineteen moons are large enough to be round, and one, Titan, has a substantial atmosphere.
The number of moons discovered in each year until November 2019

Mercury, the smallest and innermost planet, has no moons, or at least none that can be detected to a diameter of 1.6 km (1.0 mi).[2] For a very short time in 1974, Mercury was thought to have a moon.

Venus also has no moons,[3] though reports of a moon around Venus have circulated since the 17th century.

Earth has one Moon, the largest moon of any rocky planet in the Solar System. Earth also has at least two co-orbitals: the asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 2002 AA29;[4] however, since they do not orbit Earth, they are not considered moons. (See Other moons of Earth and Quasi-satellite.)

Mars has two known moons, Phobos and Deimos ("fear" and "dread", after attendants of Ares, the Greek god of war, equivalent to the Roman Mars). Searches for more satellites have been unsuccessful, putting the maximum radius of any other satellites at 90 m (100 yd).[5]

Jupiter has 79 moons with known orbits, of which 72 have confirmed orbits and have thus received permanent designations; of these, 57 have been named. Its eight regular moons are grouped into the planet-sized Galilean moons and the far smaller Amalthea group. They are named after lovers of Zeus, the Greek equivalent of Jupiter. Its 71 known irregular moons are organized into two categories: prograde and retrograde. The prograde satellites consist of the Himalia group and three others in groups of one. The retrograde moons are grouped into the Carme, Ananke and Pasiphae groups.

Saturn has 82 moons with known orbits; 53 of them have names, and these are the ones with confirmed orbits. Most of them are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, including Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System. Including these large moons, 24 of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after Titans or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn. The remaining 58, all small, are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into Inuit, Norse, and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies. The rings of Saturn are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "moonlets" embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.

Uranus has 27 moons, five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. There are 13 moons that orbit within Uranus's ring system, and another nine outer irregular moons. Unlike most planetary moons, which are named from antiquity, all the moons of Uranus are named after characters from the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope's work The Rape of the Lock.

Neptune has 14 moons; the largest, Triton, accounts for more than 99.5 percent of all the mass orbiting the planet. Triton is large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but, uniquely for a large moon, has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it was a dwarf planet that was captured. Neptune also has seven known inner regular satellites, and six outer irregular satellites.

Pluto, a dwarf planet, has five moons. Its largest moon Charon, named after the ferryman who took souls across the River Styx, is more than half as large as Pluto itself, and large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In effect, each orbits the other, forming a binary system informally referred to as a double-dwarf-planet. Pluto's four other moons, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.[6]

Among the other dwarf planets, Ceres has no known moons. It is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres itself.[7] Eris has one known moon, Dysnomia. Accurately determining its size is difficult: one indicative estimate of its radius is 257±110 km,[8] but on some assumptions could be as high as 342±25 km.[9]

Two objects were named as dwarf planets, under the expectation that they would prove to be so (though this remains uncertain). Haumea has two moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka, of radii ~195 and ~100 km, respectively.[10] Makemake has one moon, discovered in April 2016.

A number of other objects in the Kuiper belt and scattered disk may turn out to be dwarf planets. 90482 Orcus was found to have a natural satellite, later named Vanth, in 2005.[11] 50000 Quaoar, 225088 Gonggong, 120347 Salacia and 174567 Varda have all since been discovered to have moons.

As of November 2019, 288 asteroid moons and 107 trans-Neptunian moons (including those of Pluto and Haumea) had been discovered.[12]

Summary – number of moons
Planet Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
Number of moons 0 0 1 2 79 82 27 14
(Possible) dwarf Ceres Orcus Pluto Salacia 2002 MS4 Haumea Quaoar Make-
make		 Varda 2002 AW197 Gonggong Eris Sedna
Number of moons 0 1 5 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
Minor planet
See list

List

This is a list of the recognized moons of the planets and of the largest potential dwarf planets of the Solar System, ordered by their official Roman numeral designations. The 19 moons that are large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity are listed in bold. The seven largest moons, which are larger than any of the known dwarf planets, are listed in bold and italic. Sidereal period differs from semi-major axis because a moon's speed depends both on the mass of its primary and its distance from it.

Satellites of planets Satellites of dwarf planets
Satellite of Earth Satellites of Jupiter Satellites of Uranus Satellites of Pluto Satellite of Makemake
Satellites of Mars Satellites of Saturn Satellites of Neptune Satellites of Haumea Satellite of Eris
Image Parent Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d)
(r = retrograde)		 Discovery year Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
EarthI (1)Moon1,737.1384,39927.321582Prehistoric—Synchronous rotation[13]
MarsI (1)Phobos11.1±0.159,3800.3191877Hall[14][15][16]
MarsII (2)Deimos6.2±0.1823,4601.2621877Hall[14][15][16]
JupiterI (1)Io1,818.1±0.1421,8001.7691610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[16][17]
JupiterII (2)Europa1560.7±0.7671,1003.5511610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[16][17]
JupiterIII (3)Ganymede2,634.1±0.31,070,4007.1551610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[16][17]
JupiterIV (4)Callisto2,408.4±0.31,882,70016.691610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[16][17]
JupiterV (5)Amalthea83.5±2181,4000.4981892BarnardInner moon (Amalthea)[15][16][18]
JupiterVI (6)Himalia67±10[19]11,461,000250.561904PerrinePrograde irregular (Himalia)[15][16][20]
JupiterVII (7)Elara43 11,741,000259.641905PerrinePrograde irregular (Himalia)[15][16][21]
JupiterVIII (8)Pasiphae30 23,624,000743.63 (r)1908MelotteRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[15][16][22]
JupiterIX (9)Sinope19 23,939,000758.90 (r)1914NicholsonRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[15][16][23]
JupiterX (10)Lysithea18 11,717,000259.201938NicholsonPrograde irregular (Himalia)[15][16][24]
JupiterXI (11)Carme23 23,404,000734.17 (r)1938NicholsonRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16][24]
JupiterXII (12)Ananke14 21,276,000629.77 (r)1951NicholsonRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16][25]
JupiterXIII (13)Leda10 11,165,000240.921974KowalPrograde irregular (Himalia)[15][16][26]
JupiterXIV (14)Thebe49.3±2.0221,9000.6751979Synnott (Voyager 1)Inner moon (Amalthea)[15][16][27]
JupiterXV (15)Adrastea8.2±2.0129,0000.2981979Jewitt, Danielson (Voyager 1)Inner moon (Amalthea)[15][16][28]
JupiterXVI (16)Metis21.5±2.0128,0000.2951979Synnott (Voyager 1)Inner moon (Amalthea)[15][16][29]
JupiterXVII (17)Callirrhoe4.3 24,103,000758.77 (r)2000Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, GehrelsRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[15][16][30]
JupiterXVIII (18)Themisto4 7,284,000130.021975/2000Kowal and Roemer (original); Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (rediscovery)Prograde irregular (Themisto)[15][16][31][32]
JupiterXIX (19)Megaclite2.7 23,493,000752.86 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[15][16][33]
JupiterXX (20)Taygete2.5 23,280,000732.41 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16][33]
JupiterXXI (21)Chaldene1.9 23,100,000723.72 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16][33]
JupiterXXII (22)Harpalyke2.2 20,858,000623.32 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16][33]
JupiterXXIII (23)Kalyke2.6 23,483,000742.06 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16][33]
JupiterXXIV (24)Iocaste2.6 21,060,000631.60 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16][33]
JupiterXXV (25)Erinome1.6 23,196,000728.46 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16][33]
JupiterXXVI (26)Isonoe1.9 23,155,000726.23 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16][33]
JupiterXXVII (27)Praxidike3.4 20,908,000625.39 (r)2000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16][33]
JupiterXXVIII (28)Autonoe2 24,046,000760.95 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)
JupiterXXIX (29)Thyone2 20,939,000627.21 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16][34]
JupiterXXX (30)Hermippe2 21,131,000633.9 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16][34]
JupiterXXXI (31)Aitne1.5 23,229,000730.18 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16][34]
JupiterXXXII (32)Eurydome1.5 22,865,000717.33 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[15][16][34]
JupiterXXXIII (33)Euanthe1.5 20,797,000620.49 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16][34]
JupiterXXXIV (34)Euporie1 19,304,000550.74 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16][34]
JupiterXXXV (35)Orthosie1 20,720,000622.56 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16][34]
JupiterXXXVI (36)Sponde1 23,487,000748.34 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[15][16][34]
JupiterXXXVII (37)Kale1 23,217,000729.47 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16][34]
JupiterXXXVIII (38)Pasithee1 23,004,000719.44 (r)2001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16][34]
JupiterXXXIX (39)Hegemone1.5 23,577,000739.88 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[15][16]
JupiterXL (40)Mneme1 21,035,000620.04 (r)2003Gladman, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16]
JupiterXLI (41)Aoede2 23,980,000761.50 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[15][16]
JupiterXLII (42)Thelxinoe1 21,164,000628.09 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16]
JupiterXLIII (43)Arche1.5 23,355,000731.95 (r)2002Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, TonryRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16][34]
JupiterXLIV (44)Kallichore1 23,288,000728.73 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16]
JupiterXLV (45)Helike2 21,069,000626.32 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16]
JupiterXLVI (46)Carpo1.5 17,058,000456.302003Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, KleynaPrograde irregular (Carpo)[15][16]
JupiterXLVII (47)Eukelade2 23,328,000730.47 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16]
JupiterXLVIII (48)Cyllene1 23,809,000752 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[15][16]
JupiterXLIX (49)Kore1 24,543,000779.17 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[15][16]
JupiterL (50)Herse1 22,983,000714.51 (r)2003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16]
JupiterLI (51)S/2010 J 11 23,314,335723.2 (r)2010Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman, AlexandersenRetrograde irregular (Carme)[35]
JupiterLII (52)S/2010 J 20.5 20,307,150588.1 (r)2010VeilletRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[35]
JupiterLIII (53)Dia2 12,570,000287.932000Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehPrograde irregular (Himalia)[35]
JupiterLIV (54)S/2016 J 13 20,595,480602.7 (r)2016SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[35]
JupiterLV (55)S/2003 J 181 20,426,000596.58 (r)2003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16]
JupiterLVI (56)S/2011 J 20.5 23,329,710726.8 (r)2011SheppardRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[35]
JupiterLVII (57)Eirene2 23,498,000738.74 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16]
JupiterLVIII (58)Philophrosyne1 22,630,000689.77 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[15][16]
JupiterLIX (59)S/2017 J 12 23,483,978734.2 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[35]
JupiterLX (60)Eupheme1 20,224,000583.88 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16]
JupiterLXI (61)S/2003 J 191 23,535,000740.43 (r)2003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16]
JupiterLXII (62)Valetudo0.5 18,928,095532.02016SheppardPrograde irregular (Valetudo)[35]
JupiterLXIII (63)S/2017 J 21 23,240,957723.8 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[35]
JupiterLXIV (64)S/2017 J 31 20,639,315605.8 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[35]
JupiterLXV (65)Pandia1 11,494,801251.8 (r)2017SheppardPrograde irregular (Himalia)[35]
JupiterLXVI (66)S/2017 J 51 23,169,389720.5 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[35]
JupiterLXVII (67)S/2017 J 61 22,394,682684.7 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[35]
JupiterLXVIII (68)S/2017 J 71 20,571,458602.8 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[35]
JupiterLXIX (69)S/2017 J 80.5 23,174,446720.7 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[35]
JupiterLXX (70)S/2017 J 91 21,429,955640.9 (r)2017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[35]
JupiterLXXI (71)Ersa1.511,453,004250.4 (r)2018SheppardRetrograde irregular (Himalia)[35]
JupiterLXXII (72)S/2011 J 10.5 20,155,290580.7 (r)2011SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[35]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 21 28,455,000981.55 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae?)[15][16]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 41 23,933,000755.26 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae?)[15][16]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 90.5 23,388,000733.30 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Carme)[15][16]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 101 23,044,000716.25 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Carme?)[15][16]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 120.5 17,833,000489.72 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Ananke?)[15][16]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 161 20,956,000616.33 (r)2003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[15][16]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 231 23,566,000732.45 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae?)[15][16]
SaturnI (1)Mimas198.2±0.4185,5400.9421789HerschelMain-group moon[15][16]
SaturnII (2)Enceladus252.3±0.6238,0401.3701789HerschelMain-group moon[15][16]
SaturnIII (3)Tethys536.3±1.5294,6701.8881684CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[15][16]
SaturnIV (4)Dione562.5±1.5377,4202.7371684CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[15][16]
SaturnV (5)Rhea764.5±2.0527,0704.5181672CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[15][16]
SaturnVI (6)Titan2,575.5±2.01,221,87015.951655HuygensMain-group moon[15][16]
SaturnVII (7)Hyperion138.6 1,500,88021.281848W.Bond, G. Bond, and LassellMain-group moon[15][16]
SaturnVIII (8)Iapetus734.5±4.03,560,84079.331671CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[15][16]
SaturnIX (9)Phoebe106.6±1.112,947,780550.31 (r)1899PickeringRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnX (10)Janus90.4±3.0151,4600.6951966Dollfus; Voyager 1 (confirmed)Inner moon (co-orbital)[15][16]
SaturnXI (11)Epimetheus58.3±3.1151,4100.6941966Walker; Voyager 1 (confirmed)Inner moon (co-orbital)[15][16]
SaturnXII (12)Helene16±4377,4202.7371980Laques, LecacheuxMain-group trojan[15][16]
SaturnXIII (13)Telesto12±3294,7101.8881980Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain (Voyager 1)Main-group trojan[15][16]
SaturnXIV (14)Calypso9.5±1.5294,7101.8881980Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, CurrieMain-group trojan[15][16]
SaturnXV (15)Atlas15.3±1.2137,6700.6021980Terrile (Voyager 1)Inner moon (shepherd)[15][16]
SaturnXVI (16)Prometheus46.8±5.6139,3800.6131980Collins (Voyager 1)Inner moon (shepherd)[15][16]
SaturnXVII (17)Pandora40.6±4.5141,7200.6291980Collins (Voyager 1)Inner moon (shepherd)[15][16]
SaturnXVIII (18)Pan12.8 133,5800.5751990Showalter (Voyager 2)Inner moon (shepherd)[15][16]
SaturnXIX (19)Ymir9 23,140,4001,315.58 (r)2000GladmanRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXX (20)Paaliaq11 15,200,000686.952000GladmanPrograde irregular (Inuit)[15][16]
SaturnXXI (21)Tarvos7.5 17,983,000926.232000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Gallic)[15][16]
SaturnXXII (22)Ijiraq6 11,124,000451.422000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Inuit)[15][16]
SaturnXXIII (23)Suttungr3.5 19,459,0001,016.67 (r)2000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXXIV (24)Kiviuq8 11,110,000449.222000GladmanPrograde irregular (Inuit)[15][16]
SaturnXXV (25)Mundilfari3.5 18,628,000952.77 (r)2000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXXVI (26)Albiorix16 16,182,000783.452000Holman, SpahrPrograde irregular (Gallic)[15][16]
SaturnXXVII (27)Skathi4 15,540,000728.20 (r)2000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXXVIII (28)Erriapus5 17,343,000871.192000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Gallic)[15][16]
SaturnXXIX (29)Siarnaq20 18,015,400896.442000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Inuit)[15][16]
SaturnXXX (30)Thrymr3.5 20,314,0001,094.11 (r)2000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXXXI (31)Narvi3.5 19,007,0001,003.86 (r)2003Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXXXII (32)Methone1.6194,4401.0102004Porco, Charnoz, Brahic, Dones (Cassini–Huygens)Alkyonide moon[16]
SaturnXXXIII (33)Pallene2 212,2801.1542004Gordon, Murray, Beurle, et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Alkyonide moon[16]
SaturnXXXIV (34)Polydeuces1.25 377,2002.7372004Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Main-group trojan[16]
SaturnXXXV (35)Daphnis3.8±0.8136,5000.5942005Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Inner moon (shepherd)[16]
SaturnXXXVI (36)Aegir3 20,751,0001,117.52 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXXXVII (37)Bebhionn3 17,119,000834.842004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (Gallic)[15][16]
SaturnXXXVIII (38)Bergelmir3 19,336,0001,005.74 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXXXIX (39)Bestla3.5 20,192,0001,088.72 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXL (40)Farbauti2.5 20,377,0001,085.55 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXLI (41)Fenrir2 22,454,0001,260.35 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXLII (42)Fornjot3 25,146,0001,494.2 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXLIII (43)Hati3 19,846,0001,038.61 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15][16]
SaturnXLIV (44)Hyrrokkin4 18,437,000931.86 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[16]
SaturnXLV (45)Kari3.5 22,089,0001,230.97 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[16]
SaturnXLVI (46)Loge3 23,058,0001,311.36 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[16]
SaturnXLVII (47)Skoll3 17,665,000878.29 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[16]
SaturnXLVIII (48)Surtur3 22,704,0001,297.36 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[16]
SaturnXLIX (49)Anthe1 197,7001.03652007Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Alkyonide moon[36]
SaturnL (50)Jarnsaxa3 18,811,000964.74 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[16]
SaturnLI (51)Greip3 18,206,000921.19 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[16]
SaturnLII (52)Tarqeq3.5 18,009,000887.482007Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaPrograde irregular (Inuit)[16]
SaturnLIII (53)Aegaeon0.33 167,5000.8082008Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–HuygensG-ring moonlet[37][38]
Saturn—S/2004 S 73 20,999,0001,140.24 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15][16]
Saturn—S/2004 S 122.5 19,878,0001,046.19 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15][16]
Saturn—S/2004 S 133 18,404,000933.48 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15][16]
Saturn—S/2004 S 172 19,447,0001,014.70 (r)2004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15][16]
Saturn—S/2006 S 13 18,790,000963.37 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[16]
Saturn—S/2006 S 33 22,096,0001,227.21 (r)2006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[16]
Saturn—S/2007 S 23 16,725,000808.08 (r)2007Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[16]
Saturn—S/2007 S 33 18,975,000977.8 (r)2007Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[16]
Saturn—S/2009 S 10.15 117,0000.4712009Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–HuygensB-ring moonlet[39]
Saturn—S/2004 S 203 19,418,0001,010.55 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[40]
Saturn—S/2004 S 213 22,645,0001,272.61 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[41]
Saturn—S/2004 S 223 20,636,0001,107.13 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[42]
Saturn—S/2004 S 234 21,163,0001,149.82 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[43]
Saturn—S/2004 S 243 22,901,0001,294.252019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (group unknown, possibly Gallic?)[44]
Saturn—S/2004 S 254 21,174,0001,150.69 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[45]
Saturn—S/2004 S 264 26,676,0001,627.18 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[46]
Saturn—S/2004 S 276 19,976,0001,054.45 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden, JacobsonRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[47]
Saturn—S/2004 S 284 22,020,0001,220.31 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[48]
Saturn—S/2004 S 294 16,981,000826.442019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (Inuit)[49]
Saturn—S/2004 S 303 20,396,0001,087.84 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[50]
Saturn—S/2004 S 314 17,568,000869.652019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (Inuit)[51]
Saturn—S/2004 S 324 21,214,0001,153.96 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[52]
Saturn—S/2004 S 334 24,168,0001,403.18 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[53]
Saturn—S/2004 S 343 24,299,0001,414.59 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[54]
Saturn—S/2004 S 356 22,412,0001,253.08 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[55]
Saturn—S/2004 S 363 23,192,0001,319.07 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[56]
Saturn—S/2004 S 374 15,892,000748.18 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[57]
Saturn—S/2004 S 384 21,908,0001,211.02 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[58]
Saturn—S/2004 S 393 23,575,0001,351.83 (r)2019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[59]
UranusI (1)Ariel578.9±0.6190,9002.5201851LassellMain-group moon[15][16]
UranusII (2)Umbriel584.7±2.8266,0004.1441851LassellMain-group moon[15][16]
UranusIII (3)Titania788.9±1.8436,3008.7061787HerschelMain-group moon[15][16]
UranusIV (4)Oberon761.4±2.6583,50013.461787HerschelMain-group moon[15][16]
UranusV (5)Miranda235.8±0.7129,9001.4131948KuiperMain-group moon[15][16]
UranusVI (6)Cordelia20.1±349,8000.3351986Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon (shepherd)[15][16]
UranusVII (7)Ophelia21.4±453,8000.3761986Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon (shepherd)[15][16]
UranusVIII (8)Bianca25.7±259,2000.4351986Smith (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
UranusIX (9)Cressida39.8±261,8000.4641986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
UranusX (10)Desdemona32±462,7000.4741986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
UranusXI (11)Juliet46.8±464,4000.4931986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
UranusXII (12)Portia67.6±4.066,1000.5131986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
UranusXIII (13)Rosalind36±669,9000.5581986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
UranusXIV (14)Belinda40.3±875,3000.6241986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
UranusXV (15)Puck81±286,0000.7621985Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
UranusXVI (16)Caliban21 7,231,100579.73 (r)1997Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular[60][16]
UranusXVII (17)Sycorax78.5 12,179,4001,288.38 (r)1997Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular[60][16]
UranusXVIII (18)Prospero25 16,256,0001,978.29 (r)1999Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, SchollRetrograde irregular[15][16]
UranusXIX (19)Setebos24 17,418,0002,225.21 (r)1999Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, SchollRetrograde irregular[15][16]
UranusXX (20)Stephano10 8,004,000677.36 (r)1999Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, SchollRetrograde irregular[15][16]
UranusXXI (21)Trinculo9 8,504,000749.24 (r)2001Holman, Kavelaars, MilisavljevicRetrograde irregular[15][16]
UranusXXII (22)Francisco6 4,276,000266.56 (r)2001Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, GladmanRetrograde irregular[15][16]
UranusXXIII (23)Margaret5.5 14,345,0001,687.012003Sheppard, JewittPrograde irregular[15][16]
UranusXXIV (24)Ferdinand6 20,901,0002,887.21 (r)2001Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, et al.Retrograde irregular[15][16]
UranusXXV (25)Perdita15 76,4170.6381999Karkoschka (Voyager 2)Inner moon[16]
UranusXXVI (26)Mab6 97,7360.9232003Showalter, LissauerInner moon[16]
UranusXXVII (27)Cupid9 74,3920.6132003Showalter, LissauerInner moon[16]
NeptuneI (1)Triton1,353.4±0.9354,8005.877 (r)1846LassellRetrograde irregular[15][16]
NeptuneII (2)Nereid178.5±6.55,513,820360.141949KuiperPrograde irregular[61][16]
NeptuneIII (3)Naiad33±348,2240.2941989Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
NeptuneIV (4)Thalassa41±350,0750.3111989Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
NeptuneV (5)Despina75±352,5260.3351989Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
NeptuneVI (6)Galatea88±461,9530.4291989Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
NeptuneVII (7)Larissa97±373,5480.5551982Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
NeptuneVIII (8)Proteus210±7117,6471.1221989Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15][16]
NeptuneIX (9)Halimede31 15,728,0001,879.71 (r)2002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicRetrograde irregular[15][16]
NeptuneX (10)Psamathe20 46,695,0009,115.91 (r)2003Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular[15][16]
NeptuneXI (11)Sao22 22,422,0002,914.072002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicPrograde irregular[15][16]
NeptuneXII (12)Laomedeia21 23,571,0003,167.852002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicPrograde irregular[15][16]
NeptuneXIII (13)Neso30 48,387,0009,373.99 (r)2002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicRetrograde irregular[15][16]
NeptuneXIV (14)Hippocamp17.4105,2830.93622013Showalter et al.Inner moon[62]
OrcusI (1)Vanth221±59,000±99.5392005Brown & SuerSynchronous rotation[63]
PlutoI (1)Charon606±0.519,5916.3871978ChristySynchronous rotation[15][16]
PlutoII (2)Nix19.348,67124.852005Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al.Chaotic rotation[15][16]
PlutoIII (3)Hydra19.564,69838.202005Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al.Chaotic rotation[15][16]
PlutoIV (4)Kerberos6.357,72932.172011Showalter (Hubble)Chaotic rotation[15][16][64][65]
PlutoV (5)Styx5.542,39320.162012Showalter (Hubble)Chaotic rotation[15][16][66]
SalaciaI (1)Actaea142±55,724±275.4942006Noll et al.[63]
HaumeaI (1)Hiʻiaka~160 49,88049.122005Brown et al.[10][67][68]
HaumeaII (2)Namaka~8525,65718.27832005Brown et al.[10][67][68]
QuaoarI (1)Weywot~8514,500±80012.4382007Brown[69]
Makemake—S/2015 (136472) 1~87.5 >21,000>12.42016Parker et al.[70][71]
VardaI (1)Ilmarë180±204,809±395.7512009Noll et al.[72]
GonggongI (1)Xiangliu< 5024,020±20025.2212010Marton, Kiss & Müllerassuming a prograde orbit[73]
ErisI (1)Dysnomia350±60[8]37,370±15015.7742005Brown, Rabinowitz, Trujillo et al.SDO moon[74][75][76]

See also

References
  1. Ice in the Solar System - NASA
  2. Warell, J.; Karlsson, O. (2007). "A search for natural satellites of Mercury". Planetary and Space Science. 55 (14): 2037–2041. Bibcode:2007P&SS...55.2037W. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2007.06.004.
  3. "Solar System Exploration: Planets: Venus: Moons". NASA. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2008.
  4. Whitehouse, David (21 October 2002). "Earth's little brother found". BBC News. Retrieved 31 March 2007.
  5. Sheppard, Scott; et al. (2004). "A Survey for Outer Satellites of Mars: Limits to Completeness". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (5): 2542–2546. arXiv:astro-ph/0409522. Bibcode:2004AJ....128.2542S. doi:10.1086/424541.
  6. Buie, Marc W.; Grundy, William M.; Young, Eliot F.; Young, Leslie A.; Stern, S. Alan (2006). "Orbits and Photometry of Pluto's Satellites: Charon, S/2005 P1, and S/2005 P2". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 290–298. arXiv:astro-ph/0512491. Bibcode:2006AJ....132..290B. doi:10.1086/504422.. a, i, e per JPL (site updated 2008 Aug 25)
  7. Bieryla, Allyson; Parker, J. W. (December 2006). "Search for Satellites around Ceres". 2007 AAS/AAPT Joint Meeting, American Astronomical Society Meeting 209, #25.02; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 38: 933. Bibcode:2006AAS...209.2502B.
  8. Johnston, W. R. (30 December 2008). "(136199) Eris and Dysnomia". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  9. Santos-Sanz, P.; et al. (2012). ""TNOs are Cool": A Survey of the Transneptunian Region IV. Size/albedo characterization of 15 scattered disk and detached objects observed with Herschel Space Observatory-PACS". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 541: A92. arXiv:1202.1481. Bibcode:2012A&A...541A..92S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201118541.
  10. Dumas, C.; Carry, B.; Hestroffer, D.; Merlin, F. (2011). "High-contrast observations of (136108) Haumea". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 528: A105. arXiv:1101.2102. Bibcode:2011A&A...528A.105D. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015011.
  11. Daniel W. E. Green (22 February 2007). "IAUC 8812: Sats OF 2003 AZ_84, (50000), (55637), (90482)". IAU Circular. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
  12. Johnston, Wm. Robert (3 November 2019). "Asteroids with Satellites". Johnston's Archive.
  13. Wieczorek, M.; et al. (2006). "The constitution and structure of the lunar interior". Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry. 60 (1): 221–364. Bibcode:2006RvMG...60..221W. doi:10.2138/rmg.2006.60.3.
  14. "Notes: The Satellites of Mars". The Observatory. 1 (6): 181–185. 20 September 1877. Bibcode:1877Obs.....1..181. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
  15. "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL, NASA. 19 February 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2016., and references therein.
  16. "Planetary Satellite Mean Orbital Parameters". JPL, NASA. 23 August 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2016., and references therein.
  17. Showman, Adam P.; Malhotra, Renu (1999). "The Galilean Satellites" (PDF). Science. 286 (5437): 77–84. doi:10.1126/science.286.5437.77. PMID 10506564.
  18. Barnard, E. E. (1892). "Discovery and Observation of a Fifth Satellite to Jupiter". Astronomical Journal. 12: 81–85. Bibcode:1892AJ.....12...81B. doi:10.1086/101715.
  19. Porco, Carolyn C.; et al. (March 2003). "Cassini Imaging of Jupiter's Atmosphere, Satellites, and Rings". Science. 299 (5612): 1541–1547. Bibcode:2003Sci...299.1541P. doi:10.1126/science.1079462. PMID 12624258.
  20. Crommelin, A. C. D. (10 March 1905). "Provisional Elements of Jupiter's Satellite VI". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 65 (5): 524–527. Bibcode:1905MNRAS..65..524C. doi:10.1093/mnras/65.5.524.
  21. Perrine, C. D. (1905). "The Seventh Satellite of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 17 (101): 62–63. Bibcode:1905PASP...17...56.. doi:10.1086/121624. JSTOR 40691209.
  22. Melotte, P. J. (1908). "Note on the Newly Discovered Eighth Satellite of Jupiter, Photographed at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 68 (6): 456–457. Bibcode:1908MNRAS..68..456.. doi:10.1093/mnras/68.6.456.
  23. Nicholson, S. B. (1914). "Discovery of the Ninth Satellite of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 26 (1): 197–198. Bibcode:1914PASP...26..197N. doi:10.1086/122336.
  24. Nicholson, S.B. (1938). "Two New Satellites of Jupiter". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 50 (297): 292–293. Bibcode:1938PASP...50..292N. doi:10.1086/124963.
  25. Nicholson, S. B. (1951). "An unidentified object near Jupiter, probably a new satellite". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 63 (375): 297–299. Bibcode:1951PASP...63..297N. doi:10.1086/126402.
  26. Kowal, C. T.; Aksnes, K.; Marsden, B. G.; Roemer, E. (1974). "Thirteenth satellite of Jupiter". Astronomical Journal. 80: 460–464. Bibcode:1975AJ.....80..460K. doi:10.1086/111766.
  27. Synnott, S.P. (1980). "1979J2: The Discovery of a Previously Unknown Jovian Satellite". Science. 210 (4471): 786–788. Bibcode:1980Sci...210..786S. doi:10.1126/science.210.4471.786. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1684562. PMID 17739548.
  28. Jewitt, D. C.; Danielson, G.E.; Synnott, S.P. (1979). "Discovery of a New Jupiter Satellite". Science. 206 (4421): 951. Bibcode:1979Sci...206..951J. doi:10.1126/science.206.4421.951. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1749286. PMID 17733911.
  29. Synnott, S.P. (1981). "1979J3: Discovery of a Previously Unknown Satellite of Jupiter". Science. 212 (4501): 1392. Bibcode:1981Sci...212.1392S. doi:10.1126/science.212.4501.1392. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1686790. PMID 17746259.
  30. "IAUC 7460: S/1999 J 1". 20 July 2000. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  31. "IAUC 2845: Probable New Satellite of Jupiter". 3 October 1975. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  32. "IAUC 7525: S/1975 J 1 = S/2000 J 1". 25 November 2000. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  33. "IAUC 7555: Satellites of Jupiter". 5 January 2001. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  34. "IAUC 7900: Satellites of Jupiter". 16 May 2002. Retrieved 8 January 2011.
  35. "Jupiter's Known Satellites". Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  36. C. Porco & the Cassini Imaging Team (18 July 2007). "S/ 2007 S 4". IAU Circular. 8857.
  37. "IAU Circular No. 9023". International Astronomical Union. 2009. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
  38. Thomas, P. C.; Burns, J. A.; Tiscareno, M. S.; Hedman, M. M.; et al. (2013). "Saturn's Mysterious Arc-Embedded Moons: Recycled Fluff?" (PDF). 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. p. 1598. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  39. "IAU Circular No. 9091". International Astronomical Union. 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2010.
  40. "MPEC 2019-T126 : S/2004 S 20". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  41. "MPEC 2019-T127 : S/2004 S 21". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  42. "MPEC 2019-T128 : S/2004 S 22". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  43. "MPEC 2019-T129 : S/2004 S 23". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  44. "MPEC 2019-T131 : S/2004 S 24". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  45. "MPEC 2019-T132 : S/2004 S 25". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  46. "MPEC 2019-T133 : S/2004 S 26". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  47. "MPEC 2019-T134 : S/2004 S 27". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  48. "MPEC 2019-T135 : S/2004 S 28". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  49. "MPEC 2019-T136 : S/2004 S 29". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  50. "MPEC 2019-T137 : S/2004 S 30". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  51. "MPEC 2019-T153 : S/2004 S 31". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  52. "MPEC 2019-T154 : S/2004 S 32". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  53. "MPEC 2019-T155 : S/2004 S 33". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  54. "MPEC 2019-T156 : S/2004 S 34". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  55. "MPEC 2019-T157 : S/2004 S 35". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  56. "MPEC 2019-T158 : S/2004 S 36". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  57. "MPEC 2019-T159 : S/2004 S 37". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  58. "MPEC 2019-T160 : S/2004 S 38". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  59. "MPEC 2019-T161 : S/2004 S 39". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  62. Kelly Beatty (15 July 2013). "Neptune's Newest Moon". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  63. Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S.; Roe, H. G.; Buie, M. W.; Porter, S. B.; Parker, A. H.; Nesvorný, D.; Benecchi, S. D.; Stephens, D. C.; Trujillo, C. A. (2019). "Mutual Orbit Orientations of Transneptunian Binaries" (PDF). Icarus. 334: 62–78. Bibcode:2019Icar..334...62G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.035. ISSN 0019-1035.
  64. Showalter, M. R.; Hamilton, D. P. (20 July 2011). "New Satellite of (134340) Pluto: S/2011 (134340) 1". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  65. "NASA's Hubble Discovers Another Moon Around Pluto". NASA. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  66. "Hubble Discovers a Fifth Moon Orbiting Pluto". NASA. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
  67. D. C. Fabrycky; M. J. Holman; D. Ragozzine; M. E. Brown; T. A. Lister; D. M. Terndrup; J. Djordjevic; E. F. Young; L. A. Young; R. R. Howell (2008). "Mutual Events of 2003 EL61 and its Inner Satellite". AAS DPS Conference 2008: 36.08. Bibcode:2008DPS....40.3608F.
  68. Ragozzine, D.; Brown, M.E. (2009). "Orbits and Masses of the Satellites of the Dwarf Planet Haumea = 2003 EL61". The Astronomical Journal. 137 (6): 4766–4776. arXiv:0903.4213. Bibcode:2009AJ....137.4766R. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/137/6/4766.
  69. Fraser, Wesley C.; Brown, Michael E. (May 2010). "Quaoar: A Rock in the Kuiper Belt". The Astrophysical Journal. 714 (2): 1547–1550. arXiv:1003.5911. Bibcode:2010ApJ...714.1547F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/714/2/1547.
  70. "Hubble Discovers Moon Orbiting the Dwarf Planet Makemake". hubblesite.org. 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  71. Parker, A. H.; Buie, M. W.; Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S. (25 April 2016). "Discovery of a Makemakean Moon". The Astrophysical Journal. 825 (1): L9. arXiv:1604.07461. Bibcode:2016ApJ...825L...9P. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/825/1/L9.
  72. Grundy, W. M.; Porter, S. B.; Benecchi, S. D.; Roe, H. G.; Noll, K. S.; Trujillo, C. A.; et al. (September 2015). "The mutual orbit, mass, and density of the large transneptunian binary system Varda and Ilmarë". Icarus. 257: 130–138. arXiv:1505.00510. Bibcode:2015Icar..257..130G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.04.036.
  73. Kiss, Csaba; Marton, Gabor; Parker, Alex H.; Grundy, Will; Farkas-Takacs, Aniko; Stansberry, John; Pal, Andras; Muller, Thomas; Noll, Keith S.; Schwamb, Megan E.; Barr, Amy C.; Young, Leslie A.; Vinko, Jozsef (October 2018). "The mass and density of the dwarf planet (225088) 2007 OR10". Icarus. 334: 3–10. arXiv:1903.05439. Bibcode:2018DPS....5031102K. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.03.013.
  74. Brown, Michael E.; Schaller, Emily L. (15 June 2007). "The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris". Science. 316 (5831): 1585. Bibcode:2007Sci...316.1585B. doi:10.1126/science.1139415. PMID 17569855.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) (Including Supporting Online Material 25 March 2016. VOL 351, ISSUE 6280, PAGES 1371-1494.)
  75. "Dwarf Planet Outweighs Pluto". space.com. 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007.
  76. Brown, M. E.; Van Dam, M. A.; Bouchez, A. H.; Le Mignant, D.; Campbell, R. D.; Chin, J. C. Y.; Conrad, A.; Hartman, S. K.; Johansson, E. M.; Lafon, R. E.; Rabinowitz, D. L. Rabinowitz; Stomski, P. J., Jr.; Summers, D. M.; Trujillo, C. A.; Wizinowich, P. L. (2006). "Satellites of the Largest Kuiper Belt Objects" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal. 639 (1): L43–L46. arXiv:astro-ph/0510029. Bibcode:2006ApJ...639L..43B. doi:10.1086/501524. Retrieved 19 October 2011.

[1]

[2]

  1. Farkas-Takács, A.; Kiss, Cs.; Pál, A.; Molnár, L.; Szabó, Gy. M.; Hanyecz, O.; et al. (September 2017). "Properties of the Irregular Satellite System around Uranus Inferred from K2, Herschel, and Spitzer Observations". The Astronomical Journal. 154 (3): 13. arXiv:1706.06837. Bibcode:2017AJ....154..119F. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa8365. 119.
  2. Kiss, C.; Pál, A.; Farkas-Takács, A. I.; Szabó, G. M.; Szabó, R.; Kiss, L. L.; et al. (April 2016). "Nereid from space: Rotation, size and shape analysis from K2, Herschel and Spitzer observations" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 457 (3): 2908–2917. arXiv:1601.02395. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.457.2908K. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw081.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.