Julian II the Roman

Julian II,[lower-alpha 1] known as Julian the Roman or Julian the Soldier (Syriac Yulyanos Rumoyo),[1] was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 688 until his death in 708.[2]

Not to be confused with Julian (emperor).
Julian II
Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East
ChurchSyriac Orthodox Church
Installed688
Term ended708
PredecessorAthanasius II Baldoyo
SuccessorElias I
Personal details
Died708

In his youth, Julian and his father served together in the Roman army,[3] which is the meaning of his Syriac nickname, Rūmōyō (literally, "Roman").[4] He later became a monk at the monastery of Qenneshre.[5] Julian was consecrated Patriarch of Antioch in 688, but quickly came into conflict with Jacob, Archbishop of Edessa, who strictly observed canon laws,[5] and expelled clergymen who disobeyed him.[6] Julian advised Jacob to treat the clergy less severely, however, Jacob responded by travelling to the Monastery of Qenneshre, Julian's residence, where he set fire to a copy of the canon laws, criticised the patriarch for his laxity, and abdicated as Archbishop of Edessa.[5]

During the Second Fitna, Denha, Archbishop of Tagrit; John, Bishop of Karma; and Joseph, Bishop of the Taghlib, conspired to perform episcopal ordinations without the permission of the patriarch.[7] Subsequently, Julian confronted Denha at the Monastery of Saint Matthew,[8] and deposed Denha and Joseph with the support of the Caliph and replaced them with his own candidates.[9]

In 706/707, Julian and Simon, Bishop of Harran, consecrated the church of Saint Theodore in Nisibis.[10] It has been argued the consecration of a new church in Nisibis, a predominantly Nestorian city, symbolised the primacy of the Patriarch of Antioch over the east.[11] Julian continued in the office of Patriarch of Antioch until his death in 708.[2]

Notes
  1. He was the second Julian of the Syriac Orthodox (Miaphysite) line, but the third Julian to be patriarch of Antioch after the Chalcedonian Julian (r. 471–476) and the Miaphysite Julian I. See the list of patriarchs on pp. 1631–1632 in Oliver Nicholson (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity, Vol. 2 (Oxford University Press, 2018).

References
  1. Burleson & Van Rompay (2011)
  2. Wood (2012), p. 94
  3. Wright (1894), p. 142
  4. Palmer (1993), p. xlvii
  5. Haar Romeny (2008), p. 83
  6. Barsoum (2003), p. 111
  7. Morony (2005), p. 26
  8. Palmer (1990), pp. 164-165
  9. Morony (2005), pp. 26-27
  10. Palmer (1990), p. 160
  11. Palmer (1990), p. 165

Bibliography
  • Barsoum, Ignatius Aphrem (2003). The Scattered Pearls: A History of Syriac Literature and Sciences, trans. Matti Moosa, 2nd rev. ed. Gorgias Press.
  • Burleson, Samuel; Van Rompay, Lucas (2011). "List of Patriarchs: II. The Syriac Orthodox Church and its Uniate continuations". In Sebastian P. Brock; Aaron M. Butts; George A. Kiraz; Lucas Van Rompay (eds.). Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition. Gorgias Press. Retrieved 3 October 2019.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Haar Romeny, Bas Ter (2008). Jacob of Edessa and the Syriac Culture of His Day. BRILL.
  • Morony, Michael. "History and Identity in the Syrian Churches". Redefining Christian Identity: Cultural Interaction in the Middle East Since the Rise of Islam. Peeters Publishers.
  • Palmer, Andrew (1990). Monk and Mason on the Tigris Frontier: The Early History of Tur ʿAbdin. Cambridge University Press.
  • Palmer, Andrew (1993). The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles. Liverpool University Press.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Wood, Philip (2012). History and Identity in the Late Antique Near East. Oxford University Press.
  • Wright, William (1894). A Short History of Syriac Literature. A. and C. Black Publishers.
Preceded by
Athanasius II Baldoyo		 Syrian Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch
688-708		 Succeeded by
Elias I


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