Jasenovac, Sisak-Moslavina County

Jasenovac (Croatian pronunciation: [jasěnoʋat͡s]) is a village and a municipality in Croatia, in the southern part of the Sisak-Moslavina County at the confluence of the river Una into Sava. The name means "ash tree" or "ash forest" in Croatian, the area being ringed by such a forest. During the Second World War, it was the site of the Jasenovac concentration camp.

Image of Jasenovac Municipality within Sisak-Moslavina County
For other uses, see Jasenovac (disambiguation).
Jasenovac
Municipality
Općina Jasenovac
Municipality of Jasenovac
Monastery Jasenovac
Jasenovac
Location of Jasenovac in Croatia
Coordinates: 45°16′N 16°55′E
Country Croatia
County Sisak-Moslavina
Government
 • MayorMarija Mačković (HDZ)
Area
 • Total161.88 km2 (62.50 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total1,997
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)

Demographics

In 1991, the total population was 3,599, Croats made up 2,419 (67.21%), while Serbs were noticeable population with 911 (25.31%). In 2001, the municipality's population was 2,391, composed of 2,179 (91%) Croats and 141 Serbs (5.90%).

In 2011, the total population was 1,997, with 1,807 (90.49%) Croats and 152 Serbs (7.61%).[2]

The municipality of Jasenovac consists of 10 villages:

Austro-Hungarian 1910 census

According to the last Austro-Hungarian 1910 census, municipality of Jasenovac had 8,773 inhabitants which were ethnically and religiously declared as follows:[3]

Population by ethnicity Total Croats Serbs Germans Czechs Hungarians Italians Ruthenians Slovenes Note[4]
Drenov Bok 922 919 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 It was consisted of two hamlets: Bumbekovača (pop. 9) and Drenov Bok (pop. 913).
Jasenovac 2,365 1,338 975 33 8 8 0 2 1 It was consisted of two hamlets: Jasenovac (pop. 2,327) and Lončarice (pop. 38).
Košutarica 802 801 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
Krapje 1,080 1,072 3 1 2 0 1 0 1
Mlaka 1,176 37 1,138 1 0 0 0 0 0 It was consisted of two independent settlements: Mlaka (pop. 823) and Jablanac Jasenovački (pop. 353) with two hamlets: Jablanac Jasenovački (pop. 350) and Jasenovački Strug (pop. 3).
Puska 832 797 29 0 0 0 6 0 0 Together with a settlement of Trebež.
Tanac 182 173 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 At the time of Census it was hamlet of the settlement of Uštica. Independent settlement from 1948.
Trebež 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 It was a hamlet of the settlement of Puska from 1948 as Trebež Krapjanski, and from 1953-1981 as Trebež Puščanski. Independent settlement from 1981. For Census data see: Puska.
Uštica 1,194 492 702 0 0 0 0 0 0 It was consisted of three hamlets: Klenov Bok (pop. 7), Uštica (pop. 1,077) and Uštička Gradina (pop. 110).
Višnjica 180 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 At the time of Census it was hamlet of the settlement of Uštica as Višnjica Uštička. Independent settlement from 1948.
Total 8,733 5,809 (66.51%) 2,859 (32.73%) 35 (0.40%) 10 (0.11%) 9 (0.10%) 7 (0.08%) 2 (0.02%) 2 (0.02%)
Population by religion Total Roman Catholics Eastern Orthodox Jews Eastern Catholics
Drenov Bok 922 919 3 0 0
Jasenovac 2,365 1,380 979 4 2
Košutarica 802 801 0 0 1
Krapje 1,080 1,074 3 3 0
Mlaka 1,176 38 1,138 0 0
Puska 832 803 29 0 0
Tanac 182 173 9 0 0
Trebež 0 0 0 0 0
Uštica 1,194 489 702 3 0
Višnjica 180 180 0 0 0
Total 8,733 5,857 (67.06%) 2,863 (32.78%) 10 (0.11%) 3 (0.03%)

Note: 1910 census was based on language and religion, without question about ethnicity. Croatian and Serbian language were presented as one language: Croatian or Serbian. Croat and Serb ethnicity here is based on religion. Roman Catholics and Eastern Catholics (also Protestants and Jews) which language was Croatian or Serbian are presented as Croats, and Eastern Orthodox which language was Croatian or Serbian are presented as Serbs. Other ethnic groups are presented based on their language. That time Ruthenians presented together modern days ethnicities of Ukrainians and Rusyns. Jews were presented only as religious group.

History

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Jasenovac was part of the Požega County of the Kingdom of Croatia and Slavonia.

Jasenovac attained tragic notoriety during the Holocaust through the Jasenovac concentration camp giving its name to the Ustaša complex of WWII concentration camps.

During the Croatian War of Independence, in 1991, Serb forces destroyed the local three-way bridge over the Una and the Sava linking the town to Bosnia and Herzegovina. The area was subsequently mined. The town was taken over by Croatian forces as part of Operation Flash on 1 May 1995.

In 2005, a new three-way bridge was opened with financing from Croatia and the European Commission.[5] Demining operations in the area were ongoing in 2009.[6]

Jasenovac is underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as the First Category Area of Special State Concern by the Government of Croatia.[7]

Culture

Jasenovac is home to a library with over 10,000 items.[8] Jasenovac celebrates May 1, the day of its liberation as part of Operation Flash, as its municipal holiday.[9]

The village of Krapje in the Jasenovac municipality houses the headquarters of the Lonjsko Polje Nature Park: the largest protected wetland in Croatia.[10]

Sport

The municipality is home to the football club NK Jasenovac.

References
  1. "Općine na područjima posebne državne skrbi Republike Hrvatske" (PDF). Croatian Chamber of Economy. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  2. "Population by Ethnicity, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census: County of Sisak-Moslavina". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  3. Book: "Ethnic and religious composition of population of Croatia, 1880-1991: by settlements", author: Jakov Gelo, publisher: Zagreb, Croatian bureau of statistics, 1998., ISBN 953-6667-07-X, ISBN 978-953-6667-07-9;
  4. Book: "Settlements and population of Socialist Republic of Croatia 1857-1971", author: Mirko Korenčić, publisher: Zagreb, Croatian bureau of statistics, 1979.
  5. Predsjednik Vlade na otvorenju mosta u Jasenovcu Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
  6. Novi projekt razminiranja u Općini Jasenovac Archived 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine [New de-mining project in the Municipality of Jasenovac], Croatian Mine Action Centre, 23 June 2009.
  7. Lovrinčević, Željko; Davor, Mikulić; Budak, Jelena (June 2004). "AREAS OF SPECIAL STATE CONCERN IN CROATIA- REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT DIFFERENCES AND THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS". Ekonomski pregled, Vol.55 No.5-6. Archived from the original on 2018-08-18. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  8. Desetljeće rada Narodne knjižnice Jasenovac, Vjesnik
  9. "Jasenovac: Uz "Bljesak" i Dan općine Jasenovca". Archived from the original on 2010-10-28. Retrieved 2010-04-12.
  10. http://www.pp-lonjsko-polje.hr/new/english/kako_do_nas_en.html

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