January 1912

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January 17, 1912: Scott discovers that Amundsen reached the South Pole first
January 6, 1912: New Mexico becomes 47th state
January 22, 1912: The Overseas Railroad opens in Florida
January 11, 1912: American Textile workers unite in walkout

The following events occurred in January 1912:

January 1, 1912 (Monday)

January 2, 1912 (Tuesday)

January 3, 1912 (Wednesday)

January 4, 1912 (Thursday)
  • The Moon was at its closest point to Earth in the 20th century, at 221,451 miles distance (356,375 km). On March 2, 1984, the Moon would be furthest away during the century, at 252,731 miles. The closest approach in the 21st century was on November 14, 2016 at 221,535 miles, and the most distant took place on March 14, 2002 (252,728 miles).[12]
  • The Royal Charter of the Boy Scouts Association was granted by King George, granting corporate status to the British organization that had been founded in 1908.[13]

January 5, 1912 (Friday)

January 6, 1912 (Saturday)
Alfred Wegener

January 7, 1912 (Sunday)

January 8, 1912 (Monday)

January 9, 1912 (Tuesday)
Equitable Building
  • The 130-foot tall Equitable Building, New York City's first skyscraper, was destroyed by a fast moving fire. The blaze had started at 5:00 in the morning, so the loss of life was low, but the offices of three of the nation's largest financial institutions — Equitable Life, Mercantile Safe Deposit, and many law firms — were destroyed. Fireproof vaults protected several billion dollars of securities, stocks and bonds from destruction.[25][26]
  • The Democratic National Committee announced that its presidential nominating convention would be held in Baltimore on June 25.[27]

January 10, 1912 (Wednesday)
  • HMS Africa served as the first British aircraft carrier, as Charles Rumney Samson flew a Short S.38 biplane from the ship, anchored at Sheerness, England.[28]
  • The official results of the 1911 French census were released, showing 39,601,509 residents, and increase of 349,264 from the 1906 census of 39,252,245.[29]
  • Died: Thomas Hardy, 81, Australian winemaker, credited as the "Father of the South Australian Wine Industry" (b. 1830)

January 11, 1912 (Thursday)
Caillaux
  • French Prime Minister Joseph Caillaux and his cabinet were forced to resign, two days after the French Senate concluded that he had secretly negotiated the give-away of French territory without the President's knowledge in working out a treaty with Germany. French Foreign Minister Justin de Selves declined to deny the accusations against Caillaux.[30]
  • The Russian steamer Russ, on its way across the Black Sea from Galați to Odessa, sank in with 172 people on board. Among the casualties were the new Consul General, Carl Anseff, and his family.[31]
  • Lawrence textile strike – Receiving their paychecks a day before the rest of the employees at the Everett Mills Company in Lawrence, Massachusetts, mostly Polish-speaking women employed as weavers found that the company had cut their pay (already low, ranging from ​9 1⁄2 cents to 20 cents per hour) after a new state law had gone into effect limiting the work week to 54 hours. The women immediately walked off the job. The next day, the strike would spread to the other companies in the city.[32]

January 12, 1912 (Friday)
  • The Lawrence textile strike began a day after the first group of textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts, received smaller paychecks, other employees at the Everett Mills got their reduced pay, and walked off the job. Employees at the other companies—American Woolen, Arlington Mills and Pacific Mills—followed suit.[33] Men, women and children from 25 different nationalities defied attempts to break up the strike, holding out for nine weeks until March 13, when American Woolen agreed to the strikers' demands, raising wages by 5 to 25%, and giving 25% extra for overtime.[34][35]
  • With 208 seats in the Reichstag at stake in the first round of the German parliamentary election, the Socialists won 64 of the seats and increased their margin by 26 while the government coalition lost 29. The second round was set for January 23, with 121 seats to be filled.[36]
  • Beauregard Parish, Louisiana, with its county seat at DeRiddger, was created after being separated from Calcasieu Parish.[37]
  • The General Post Office of the British government assumed all control of the national telephone system, "leaving the United States as the only major nation in which the network was privately owned".[38]
  • Professional ice hockey was played west of Toronto for the first time, and on artificial ice for the first time, in Victoria, British Columbia as the Victoria Senators lost to the New Westminster Royals, 8-3 in the initial game of the new Pacific Coast Hockey Association in Canada.[39]
  • The lowest temperatures ever measured at Iowa (-47 °F at Washta, matched on February 3, 1996, at Elkader)[40] and in Minnesota (-40 °F at Pipestone) were recorded on the same day. Pipestone also set the record for Minnesota's highest temperature (108 °F) on four occasions between 1930 and 1936.[41]

January 13, 1912 (Saturday)
Poincare

January 14, 1912 (Sunday)

January 15, 1912 (Monday)

January 16, 1912 (Tuesday)

January 17, 1912 (Wednesday)
  • The British Antarctic Expedition, consisting of Robert Falcon Scott and his team of four explorers, reached the South Pole, only to find the flag of Norway that had been planted by the Norwegian Expedition led by Roald Amundsen. "The Pole," Scott wrote in his journal; "Yes, but under very different circumstances from those expected. We have had a horrible day." He added, "Great God! This is an awful place and terrible enough for us to have laboured to it without the reward of priority. Well, it is something to have got here. Now for the run home and a desperate struggle. I wonder if we can do it."[55]
  • French scientist Alexis Carrel, working at the Rockefeller Institute in New York City, removed a piece of the heart of a chicken embryo, then kept the fragment alive for the remaining 32 years of his life.[56] Carrel, who won the Nobel Prize later in the year (though not for the experiment), died on November 5, 1944. The tissue lasted until September 1946.[57]
  • France's Chamber of Deputies overwhelmingly approved the new government of Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré by a vote of 440-6.[58]

January 18, 1912 (Thursday)
  • The ship Wistow Hall with 57 people on board, sank in a gale off of the coast of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Only the captain and three other people were saved.[59]
  • The United States Army began a presence in China that would last for the next 26 years, as the 15th U.S. Infantry landed at Qinhuangdao and then set up a permanent station at Tianjin.[60]
  • Over 1,000 people were killed in fighting in the Ecuador Civil War between troops from the Quito national government and the Guayaquil rebel government at Yaguachi, northeast of Guayaquil. General Julio Andrade, leader of the Quito troops, defeated the rebels. General Flavio Alfaro, commander of the rebel troops, was wounded.[61]
  • The results of the British Miners' Federation vote on a strike were released, showing 445,801 in favor and 115,921 against.[62] The strike, aimed at securing a minimum wage for coal miners, would begin on March 1 and last until April 4.[63]
  • U.S. President William Howard Taft pardoned Charles W. Morse after the Wall Street financier had served more than a year of a 15-year prison sentence, upon being advised that Morse was terminally ill.[64] Morse recovered and outlived Taft, dying in 1933.[65]
  • Born: Ivan A. Getting, American physicist and engineer, co-creator of the Global Positioning System (GPS), in New York City (d. 2003)

January 19, 1912 (Friday)

January 20, 1912 (Saturday)
  • The first successful strike in Mexican history was settled after 25 days, as company owners agreed to reduce the workday to ten hours and increase weekly wages by ten percent.[67]
  • The second round of Reichstag elections began, with 77 seats, followed by 80 on Monday and concluding with 34 on January 25.[68]

January 21, 1912 (Sunday)
Conrad

January 22, 1912 (Monday)
Sun Yat-sen
Yuan Shih-kai
  • The Overseas Railroad carried its first passengers from Palm Beach to Key West with the completion of the six-year construction of the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railway. Henry Flagler, the railway's owner, financed the seemingly impossible project of building bridges and landfill to lay 169 miles of railroad tracks across the waters to link the islands of the Florida Keys.[71] Flagler, 82, arrived with the other passengers at 10:43 to a cheering crowd of 10,000 people, and told the gathering, "Now I can die happy. My dream is fulfilled." He would pass away 1 year and 4 months later.[72]
  • Sun Yat-sen and Yuan Shikai completed their negotiations on the unification of the Republic of China and the area in Northern China, with Dr. Sun agreeing to yield the presidency to Yuan upon the abdication of the Emperor.[73]
  • Former Illinois Central Railroad company President J.T. Harahan and three other passengers were killed in a wreck in Illinois when the private car of Vice-President F.O. Melcher of the Rock Island line was struck from behind by another train. The accident happened near Kinmundy, Illinois.[74]
  • Born: Demetrios Capetanakis, Greek poet, known for his poetry collection Demetrios Capetanakis A Greek Poet In England, in Smyrna, Ottoman Empire (d. 1944)

January 23, 1912 (Tuesday)
  • The International Opium Convention was signed at The Hague by 12 nations.[75] The signatories resolved to work toward "the gradual suppression of the abuse of opium, morphine, cocaine, as also of the drugs prepared or derived from these substances which give rise or might give rise to similar abuses."[76]
  • The town of Forgan, Oklahoma, was incorporated as the end of the line for the Wichita Falls & Northwestern Railroad Company.[77]

January 24, 1912 (Wednesday)

January 25, 1912 (Thursday)
  • General Pedro Montero, who had been proclaimed President of Ecuador on December 29 by rebelling Ecuadorian troops, was sentenced to 16 years in prison following his court-martial in Guayaquil. Montero had been captured in battle three days earlier. As soon as former President Leónidas Plaza announced the military court's findings, members of the crowd outside protested that the sentence was too light. Several rushed in inside and shot General Montero to death, then carried his corpse outside, where the mob beheaded it and burned it in a bonfire.[79]
  • Norwegian Antarctic Expedition – Roald Amundsen and his team of four men arrived back at their base at Framheim on the Bay of Whales, along with eleven surviving dogs. They left Antarctica on the Fram five days later.[80]
  • Voting in elections for the German Reichstag was concluded, with the Socialists having the largest number of seats—100 out of 397, and the Radical and National Liberal parties having 44 and 47, for a total of 191, still short of a majority. Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg was able to find a new government.[81]
  • Karl Grulich, German aviator, tripled the record for staying aloft with multiple passengers, flying for 1 hour and 35 minutes in a Harlan monoplane over Johannistal, Germany. The prior record had been 31 minutes by Frenchman M. Busson on March 10, 1911, at Rheims.[82]

January 26, 1912 (Friday)
  • A group of 47 generals and commanders of China's Imperial Army, all of whom had pledged their allegiance to the monarchy earlier in the month, signed a petition to the Emperor and the regent, asking that the Manchu rulers give way to a Republic under Yuan Shikai. "This memorial dealt a lethal blow to the dynasty," an author would note later.[83]
  • Demolition began on the Caños de Carmona, an ancient Roman aqueduct spanning 17.5 kilometres in length from Seville to Carmona, Spain, however three portions were rescued from the wrecking ball and preserved.[84]

January 27, 1912 (Saturday)
  • According to his own letter to the magazine Popular Astronomy, amateur astronomer Frank B. Harris was observing through his telescope and saw an object crossing the Moon, which he described as something that "was fully as black comparatively as marks on this paper, and in shape like a crow poised". Harris estimated it as being 250 miles long and 50 miles wide.[85] Although nobody else reported witnessing the phenomenon, the story has been repeated in the decades that followed. The briefly reported event has been described as something "that launched the 'modern' period of anomalous lunar happenings.[86]
  • Born:

January 28, 1912 (Sunday)

January 29, 1912 (Monday)
Darrow

January 30, 1912 (Tuesday)

January 31, 1912 (Wednesday)
  • Captain Carlo Montu of the Italian Army became the first pilot to be wounded in combat, after he was struck by anti-aircraft fire from Ottoman forces.[93]

References
  1. "President Sun Inaugurated", New York Times, January 3, 1912
  2. Lawrence M. Kaplan, Homer Lea: American Soldier of Fortune (University Press of Kentucky, 2010) p. 181
  3. Gene Burnett, Florida's Past: People and Events That Shaped the State (Pineapple Press Inc, 1996) p23
  4. Terry Boyle, Hidden Ontario: Secrets from Ontario's Past (Dundurn Press Ltd., 2011) p. 23
  5. John Norton Pomeroy, A Treatise on Equity Jurisprudence: As Administered in the United States of America (The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2002) p. 700
  6. The Britannica Year-Book 1913: A Survey of the World's Progress Since the Completion in 1910 of the Encyclopædia Britannica] (Encyclopædia Britannica, 1913) pp xxi-xxii
  7. McCartney, Iain (1996). Old Trafford - Theatre of Dreams. Harefield: Yore Publications. ISBN 1-874427-96-8., p. 15
  8. Janet Afary, The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911: Grassroots Democracy, Social Democracy, & the Origins of Feminism (Columbia University Press, 1996) p. 337
  9. Robertson, Donald B. (1986). Encyclopedia of Western Railroad History: The Desert States: Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah. Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton Printers. pp. 77, 102. ISBN 0-87004-305-6.
  10. Peter J. Koehler, et al.,Neurological Eponyms (Oxford University Press, 2000) pp. 131-132
  11. Beau Riffenburgh, Encyclopedia of the Antarctic (CRC Press, 2007) p. 191
  12. Kim Long, The Moon Book: Fascinating Facts About the Magnificent, Mysterious Moon (Big Earth Publishing, 1998) p. 1
  13. "Royal Charter of The Boy Scouts Association", Scoutdocs.ca
  14. C. X. George Wei, Chinese Nationalism in Perspective: Historical and Recent Cases (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001) p. 108
  15. David Strand, An Unfinished Republic: Leading by Word and Deed in Modern China (University of California Press, 2011) p. 113
  16. Miklós Kun, Stalin: An Unknown Portrait (Central European University Press, 2003) p. 123
  17. Bruce Hall, Tea That Burns: A Family Memoir of Chinatown (Simon and Schuster, 2002) p. 159; "Tong Leader Slain in Chinatown War", New York Times, January 6, 1912
  18. "New Mexico Now a State", New York Times, January 7, 1912
  19. David M. Lawrence, Upheaval from the Abyss: Ocean Floor Mapping and the Earth Science Revolution (Rutgers University Press, 2002) p. 35
  20. William Morgan Shuster, The Strangling of Persia: A Story of the European Diplomacy and Oriental Intrigue that Resulted in the Denationalization of Twelve Million Mohammedans, a Personal Narrative (The Century Company, 1912) pp. 224-230
  21. "Describes Red Sea Fight", New York Times, January 15, 1912; "Italian Guns Sink Turkish Flotilla", New York Times, January 13, 1912
  22. Wendy Watson, Brick by Brick: An Informal Guide to the History of South Africa (New Africa Books, 2007) p.51
  23. "India Reconciled by the King's Visit", New York Times, January 9, 1912
  24. "The Monetary Bill Sent to Congress", New York Times, January 10, 1912
  25. "$18,000,000 EQUITABLE BUILDING BURNS, WITH $2,000,000 CONTENTS; MAYBE 9 DEAD", New York Times, January 10, 1912, p1
  26. Sarah Bradford Landau and Carl W. Condit, Rise of the New York Skyscraper: 1865-1913 (Yale University Press, 1999) pp. 67-69
  27. "Democrats to Meet in Baltimore June 25", New York Times, January 10, 1912
  28. Anthony J. Watts, The Royal Navy: An Illustrated History (Naval Institute Press, 1994) p. 85
  29. "French Number 39,601,509", New York Times, January 11, 1912
  30. J. F. V. Keiger, Raymond Poincaré (Cambridge University Press, 2002) p. 126; "Political Chaos France's Peril", New York Times, January 12, 1912
  31. "172 Drowned in Black Sea", New York Times, January 12, 1912
  32. Mildred A. Beik, Labor Relations (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005) pp. 103–104
  33. "Strike Riots Close Big Lawrence Mills", New York Times, January 13, 1912
  34. Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom, Industrial Revolution in America: Mining and Petroleum (Volume 5) (ABC-CLIO, 2006) p. 141
  35. Bruce Watson, Bread and Roses: Mills, Migrants, and the Struggle for the American Dream (Penguin, 2006) p. 17; "Lawrence Strike Comes to an End", New York Times, March 14, 1912
  36. "German Socialist Gains May Be 100", New York Times, January 14, 1912
  37. Milburn Calhoun and Bernie McGovern, Louisiana Almanac 2008-2009 (Pelican Publishing,2008) p. 245
  38. Ray Horak, Telecommunications and Data Communications Handbook (John Wiley & Sons, 2007) p. 202
  39. Valerie Green and Lynn Gordon-Findlay, If These Walls Could Talk: Victoria's Houses from the Past (TouchWood Editions, 2001) p. 152
  40. Polly Alison Morrice and Joyce Hart, Celebrate the States: Iowa (Marshall Cavendish, 2007) p. 16
  41. Mark W. Seeley and Belinda Jensen, Minnesota Weather Almanac (Minnesota Historical Society, 2006) p. 55
  42. Keiger 2002) p. 126
  43. "Flies 88 Miles in an Hour", New York Times, January 14, 1912
  44. Joanne Mattern, Maryland: Past and Present (Rosen Publishing Group, 2010) p. 41
  45. "Spain's Cabinet Out; At Issue With King", New York Times, January 15, 1912
  46. Marie-Claire Bergère and Janet Lloyd, Sun Yat-sen (Stanford University Press, 1998) p. 433
  47. "London Attracted by 'Oedipus Rex'", New York Times, January 16, 1912
  48. "Open Senate Debate on Peace Treaties", New York Times, January 16, 1912
  49. Le Baron Bradford Prince, A Concise History of New Mexico (The Torch Press, 1912) p. 219
  50. San Diego: the Birthplace of Naval Aviation Part One
  51. "Turkish Parliament to End", New York Times, January 14, 1912
  52. "New Election in Turkey", New York Times, January 18, 1912
  53. J. M. Barrie, Scott's Last Expedition - The Personal Journals of Captain R. F. Scott, C.V.O., R.N., on His Journey to the South Pole (1913, reprinted by READ BOOKS, 2009) pp. 423-424
  54. "China", in The New International Year Book: A Compendium of the World's Progress for the Year 1912" (Dodd, Mead and Company, 1913) p. 149
  55. Barrie 1913, pp. 423-424
  56. Paul A. Offit, Vaccinated: One Man's Quest to Defeat the World's Deadliest Diseases (HarperCollins, 2008) p. 38
  57. "Test Tube Heart Dies at Age of 34", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, October 2, 1946, p. 1
  58. "The Change in France", New York Times, January 18, 1912
  59. "Gale over Britain Wrecks Many Ships", New York Times, January 19, 1912
  60. George B. Clark, Treading Softly: U.S. Marines in China, 1819-1949 (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001) p. 52
  61. "Fierce Fight in Ecuador", New York Times, January 20, 1912
  62. "Coal Miners Vote to Strike", New York Times, January 19, 1912
  63. Ian Packer, The Letters of Arnold Stephenson Rowntree to Mary Katherine Rowntree, 1910-1918 (Cambridge University Press, 2002) p. 78
  64. "Morse Pardoned in Death's Shadow", New York Times, January 19, 1912
  65. "Ice harvesting", in Encyclopedia of New York City (Yale University Press, 2010)
  66. "On the role of the weather in the deaths of R. F. Scott and his companions", by Susan Solomon and Charles R. Stearns
  67. "Mexican textile workers: from conquest to globalization", by Jeffrey Bortz, in The Ashgate Companion to the History of Textile Workers, 1650-2000 (Ashgate Publishing, 2010) pp. 346-347
  68. "German Second Ballots On", New York Times, January 21, 1912
  69. Frederick R. Karl, A Reader's Guide to Joseph Conrad (Syracuse University Press, 1997) p. 236
  70. Michael Newton, The Encyclopedia of Unsolved Crimes (Infobase Publishing, 2010) p. 263
  71. Seth H. Bramson, Florida East Coast Railway (Arcadia Publishing, 2006) p21
  72. Walter E. Campbell, Across Fortune's Tracks: A Biography of William Rand Kenan, Jr (UNC Press Books, 1996) pp. 158-159
  73. William L. Tung, The Political Institutions of Modern China (Springer, 1968) pp. 30-31
  74. "Harahan Killed in Railroad Wreck", New York Times, January 22, 1912
  75. "Opium Convention Signed", New York Times, January 28, 1912
  76. Richard Davenport-Hines, The Pursuit of Oblivion: A Global History of Narcotics (W. W. Norton & Company, 2004) p. 210
  77. Hodges, V. Pauline "Forgan," Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society, 2009. Accessed April 15, 2015.
  78. The Sikh Encyclopedia; Bakhshish Singh Nijjar, History of the United Panjab (Volume 1) (Atlantic Publishers, 1996) p. 125
  79. "Montero Beheaded by Mob", New York Times, January 27, 1912
  80. Elspeth Joscelin and Grant Huxley, Scott of the Antarctic (University of Nebraska Press, 1990) p. 249
  81. "The Result in Germany", New York Times, January 27, 1912
  82. "Still Another Air Record", New York Times, January 26, 1912; Henry Villard, Contact! The Story of the Early Aviators (Courier Dover Publications, 2002) p. 183
  83. Eiko Woodhouse, The Chinese Hsinhai Revolution: G.E. Morrison and Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1897-1920 (Routledge Curzon, 2004) p. 138
  84. "Los Caños de Carmona", jaimepf.blogspot.com (Spanish)
  85. "Peculiar Phenomenon on the Moon", Popular Astronomy (June-July, 1912) p398
  86. David A. J. Seargent, Weird Astronomy: Tales of Unusual, Bizarre, and Other Hard to Explain Observations (Springer, 2010) p. 12
  87. "Storm Jail and Kill Ecuador Generals"], New York Times, January 29, 1912
  88. Mary Clabaugh Wright, ed., China in Revolution: The First Phase, 1900-1913 (Yale University Press, 1968) pp. 193-194
  89. "Stimson to Close Sixteen Army Posts", New York Times, January 29, 1912
  90. Michael S Lief, et al., Ladies And Gentlemen Of The Jury: Greatest Closing Arguments In Modern Law (Simon and Schuster, 1999) pp. 65-67
  91. The I.W.W.: Its First Seventy Years, Fred W. Thompson & Patrick Murfin, 1976, p. 56
  92. Roald Amundsen, with Arthur G. Chater, The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the "Fram," 1910-1912 (J. Murray, 1913) p. 353
  93. Walter J. Boyne, The Influence of Air Power upon History (Pelican Publishing, 2003) p. 38
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