Jaguar (microarchitecture)

Jaguar - Family 16h
General Info
Launched	Mid-2013
Discontinued	present
Common manufacturer(s)	AMD;
Cache
L1 cache	64 KB per core[1]
L2 cache	1 MB to 2 MB shared
Architecture and classification
Min. feature size	28 nm
Instruction set	AMD64 (x86-64)
Physical specifications
Socket(s)	Socket AM1; Socket FT3 (BGA-769);
Products, models, variants
Core name(s)	Kabini; Temash; Kyoto; G-series; Athlon, Sempron, A4, A6, & E4;
History
Predecessor	Bobcat - Family 14h
Successor	Puma - Family 16h (2nd-gen)

The AMD Jaguar Family 16h is a low-power microarchitecture designed by AMD. It is used in APUs succeeding the Bobcat Family microarchitecture in 2013 and being succeeded by AMD's Puma architecture in 2014. It is two-way superscalar and capable of out-of-order execution. It is used in AMD's Semi-Custom Business Unit as a design for custom processors and is used by AMD in four product families: Kabini aimed at notebooks and mini PCs, Temash aimed at tablets, Kyoto aimed at micro-servers, and the G-Series aimed at embedded applications. Both the PlayStation 4 and the Xbox One use chips based on the Jaguar microarchitecture, with more powerful GPUs than AMD sells in its own commercially available Jaguar APUs.[2]

Design

32 KiB instruction + 32 KiB data L1 cache per core, L1 cache includes parity error detection
16-way, 1–2 MiB unified L2 cache shared by two or four cores, L2 cache is protected from errors by the use of error correcting code
Out-of-order execution and speculative execution
Integrated memory controller
Two-way integer execution
Two-way 128-bit wide floating-point and packed integer execution
Integer hardware divider
Consumer processors support two DDR3L DIMMs in one channel at frequencies up to 1600 MHz[3]
Server processors support two DDR3 DIMMS in one channel at frequencies up to 1600 MHz with ECC[4]
As a SoC (not just an APU) it integrates Fusion controller hub
Jaguar does not feature clustered multi-thread (CMT), meaning that execution resources are not shared between cores

Instruction set support

The Jaguar core has support for the following instruction sets and instructions: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4a, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, F16C, CLMUL, AES, BMI1, MOVBE (Move Big-Endian instruction), XSAVE/XSAVEOPT, ABM (POPCNT/LZCNT), and AMD-V.[1]

Improvements over Bobcat

Over 10% increase in clock frequency[5]
Over 15% improvement in instructions per clock (IPC)[5]
Added support for SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AES, CLMUL, MOVBE, AVX, F16C, BMI1[5]
Up to four CPU cores
L2 cache is shared between cores
FPU datapath width increased to 128-bit[5]
Added hardware integer divider
Enhanced cache prefetchers
Doubled bandwidth of load-store units
C6 and CC6 low power states with lower entry and exit latency[5]
Smaller, 3.1 mm² area per core
Integrated Fusion controller hub (FCH)
Video Coding Engine

Features

APU features table

Processors

Consoles

Chip (device)	Release date	Fab	Die area (mm2)	CPU				GPU							Memory			Storage	API support	Special features
Chip (device)	Release date	Fab	Die area (mm2)	Archi- tecture	Cores	Clock (GHz)	L2 cache	Archi- tecture	Core config[lower-alpha 1]	Clock (MHz)	GFLOPS [lower-alpha 2]	Pixel fillrate (GP/s) [lower-alpha 3]	Texture fillrate (GT/s) [lower-alpha 4]	Other	Size	Bus type & width	Band- width (GB/s)	Storage	API support	Audio	Other
Liverpool (PS4)	Nov 2013	28 nm	348	Jaguar	2 modules with 4 cores each	1.6	2× 2 MiB	GCN 2	1152:72:32 18 CU	800	1843	25.6	57.6	8 ACEs	8 GiB	GDDR5 256-bit	176	3DBD/DVD 1× 2.5" SATA hard drive Easily replaceable hard drive USB 3.0	OpenGL 4.2, GNM, GNMX and PSSL	Dolby Atmos (BD) S/PDIF	PS VR PS4 additional modules HDR10 (except discs)[lower-alpha 5] CEC Optional IR sensor
Durango (Xbox One)	Nov 2013		363			1.75			768:48:16 12 CU	853	1310	13.6	40.9	2 ACEs	32 MiB	ESRAM[lower-alpha 6]	204	3DBD/DVD/CD 1× 2.5" SATA hard drive USB 3.0	Direct3D 11.2 and 12	Fully Dolby Atmos, DTS:X, and Windows Sonic S/PDIF	Xbox One additional modules FreeSync (1) HDMI 1.4 through IR sensor and IR out port Kensington lock
Durango (Xbox One)	Nov 2013		363							853	1310	13.6	40.9	2 ACEs	8 GiB	DDR3 256-bit	68	3DBD/DVD/CD 1× 2.5" SATA hard drive USB 3.0		Fully Dolby Atmos, DTS:X, and Windows Sonic S/PDIF
Edmonton (Xbox One S) [6]	Jun 2016	16 nm	240							914	1404	14.6	43.9	2 ACEs	32 MiB	ESRAM	219	4KBD/3DBD/DVD/CD[lower-alpha 7] 1× 2.5" SATA hard drive USB 3.0		Fully Dolby Atmos, DTS:X, and Windows Sonic S/PDIF	Xbox One S additional modules Fully HDR10 Dolby Vision (streaming) FreeSync (1&2) HDMI 1.4 through IR sensor and IR out port Kensington lock
Edmonton (Xbox One S) [6]	Jun 2016		240							914	1404	14.6	43.9	2 ACEs	8 GiB	DDR3 256-bit	68			Fully Dolby Atmos, DTS:X, and Windows Sonic S/PDIF
Liverpool? (PS4 Slim)	Sep 2016		208			1.6			1152:72:32 18 CU	800	1843	25.6	57.6	8 ACEs	8 GiB	GDDR5 256-bit	176	3DBD/DVD 1× 2.5" SATA hard drive Easily replaceable hard drive USB 3.0	OpenGL 4.2, GNM, GNMX and PSSL	Dolby Atmos (BD)	PS VR PS4 Slim additional modules HDR10 (except discs) CEC Optional IR sensor
Neo (PS4 Pro) [7][8][9]	Nov 2016		325			2.13		GCN 4 Polaris [10]	2304:144:32 36 CU	911	4198	58.3	131.2	4 ACEs and 2 HWS Double-rate FP16[lower-alpha 8] checkerboard rendering	8 GiB [11]	GDDR5 256-bit	218	3DBD/DVD 1× 2.5" SATA hard drive Easily replaceable hard drive USB 3.0	OpenGL 4.2 (4.5), GNM, GNMX and PSSL	Dolby Atmos (BD) S/PDIF	PS VR PS4 Pro additional modules HDR10 (except discs) Up to 4K@60 Hz CEC Optional IR sensor
Neo (PS4 Pro) [7][8][9]	Nov 2016		325			2.13			2304:144:32 36 CU	911	4198	58.3	131.2		1 GiB	DDR3[lower-alpha 9]	?		OpenGL 4.2 (4.5), GNM, GNMX and PSSL	Dolby Atmos (BD) S/PDIF
Scorpio (Xbox One X) [12][13][14]	Nov 2017		359	Customized Jaguar		2.3			2560:160:32 40 CU	1172	6001	37.5	187.5	4 ACEs and 2 HWS	12 GiB	GDDR5 384-bit	326	4KBD/3DBD/DVD/CD 1× 2.5" SATA hard drive USB 3.0	Direct3D 11.2 and 12	Fully Dolby Atmos, DTS:X, and Windows Sonic S/PDIF	Xbox One X additional modules Fully HDR10 Dolby Vision (streaming) FreeSync (1&2) Up to 4K@60 Hz HDMI 1.4b through IR sensor and IR out port
Fenghuang (Subor Z Plus) [15][16][17]	Aug 2018 planned	14 nm [18]		Zen	4 cores 8 threads	3.0		GCN 5 Vega	1536:384:32 24 CU	1300	3994	41.6	499.2	Double-rate FP16	8 GiB	GDDR5 256-bit	256	1× 2.5" SATA SSD 1× 2.5" SATA hard drive Easily replaceable drives USB 3.0	Vulkan 1.1, Direct3D 12.1	S/PDIF	Subor Z Plus additional modules Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC
(PS5) [19]	2020 planned	7 nm		Zen 2	8 cores 16 threads	3.5 (variable)		RDNA 2	2304:?:? 36 CU	2230 (variable)	10280 (variable)			Double-rate FP16 Real-time ray tracing Primitive shaders Custom 3D audio blocks	16 GiB	GDDR6 256-bit	448	4KBD Custom 5.5 GB/s PCIe 4.0 x4 NVMe SSD PCIe 4.0 M.2 slot Easily replaceable M.2 SSD USB (except PS5 games)		PS5 TEMPEST 3D AudioTech	PS VR Dedicated DMA controller and I/O coprocessors Custom coherency engines and cache scrubbers Custom decompression block HDR Up to 4K@120 Hz Up to 8K@30 Hz
Scarlett (Xbox Series X)	2020 planned		360.45			3.66 (3.8 w/o SMT)			3328:?:? 52 CU	1825	12155			Double-rate FP16 Real-time ray tracing Mesh shaders Variable rate shading ANN acceleration	10 GiB	GDDR6 320-bit	560	4KBD Custom 2.4 GB/s NVMe SSD Custom expansion card USB 3.1 (except XSX games)	DirectX 12 Ultimate	Custom spatial audio block MS Project Acoustics Fully Dolby Atmos, DTS:X, and Windows Sonic	Custom decompression block HDR VRR Up to 4K@120 Hz Up to 8K@30 Hz CEC
Scarlett (Xbox Series X)	2020 planned		360.45			3.66 (3.8 w/o SMT)			3328:?:? 52 CU	1825	12155				6 GiB	GDDR6 192-bit[lower-alpha 10]	336		DirectX 12 Ultimate

Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units
Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of ROPs multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of TMUs multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.
UHD BD is the only video disc format supporting HDR.
Cache
"Digital" version does not have an optical drive.
Feature preview of Rapid Packed Math, introduced in GCN 5 Vega.
Swap
A plain 320-bit 20GiB version could be made by just replacing four 1 GiB GDDR6 chips by 2 GiB ones.

Desktop

SoCs using Socket AM1:

Model	CPU			GPU			TDP	Memory	Socket
Model	Cores	Frequency	L2 Cache	Model	Cores (unified shaders : texture mapping units : render output units)	Frequency	TDP	Memory	Socket
Athlon 5370	4	2.2 GHz	2 MB	Radeon R3	128:8:4[20]	600 MHz	25 W	DDR3-1600	AM1
Athlon 5350[21]		2.05 GHz
Athlon 5150		1.6 GHz
Sempron 3850		1.3 GHz				450 MHz
Sempron 2650	2	1.45 GHz	1 MB			400 MHz		DDR3-1333

Desktop/Mobile

Target segment	Model	CPU				GPU				TDP	Memory	Turbo Core
Target segment	Model	Cores	Frequency	Max. Turbo	L2 Cache	Model	Config.	Frequency	Turbo	TDP	Memory	Turbo Core
Notebooks /Mini-PCs[22]	A6-5200	4	2.0 GHz	N/A	2 MB	HD 8400	128:8:4[23]	600 MHz	N/A	25 W	DDR3L-1600	No
	A4-5100		1.55 GHz			HD 8330		500 MHz		15 W
	A4-5000		1.5 GHz			HD 8330		500 MHz
Notebooks	E2-3000	2	1.65 GHz		1 MB	HD 8280		450 MHz
	E1-2500		1.4 GHz			HD 8240		400 MHz			DDR3L-1333
	E1-2100		1.0 GHz			HD 8210		300 MHz		09 W	DDR3L-1333
Tablets	A6-1450	4		1.4 GHz	2 MB	HD 8250			400 MHz	08 W	DDR3L-1066	Yes
	A4-1350[24]	4		N/A	2 MB	HD 8210			N/A		DDR3-1066	No
	A4-1250	2			1 MB	HD 8210					DDR3L-1333
	A4-1200[25]	2			1 MB	HD 8180		225 MHz		03.9 W	DDR3L-1066

Server

Opteron X1100-series "Kyoto" (28 nm)

Model	Stepping	CPU						Memory support	TDP	Released	Part number	Release price (USD)
Model	Stepping	Cores	Frequency	Turbo	L2 Cache	Multi	V_core	Memory support	TDP	Released	Part number	Release price (USD)
X1150	B0	4	2.0 GHz	N/A	2 MB			DDR3	17 W	May 2013	OX1150IPJ44HM	$64

Opteron X2100-series "Kyoto" (28 nm)

Model	Stepping	CPU						GPU				Memory support	TDP	Released	Part number	Release price (USD)
Model	Stepping	Cores	Frequency	Turbo	L2 Cache	Multi	V_core	Model	Config	Frequency	Turbo	Memory support	TDP	Released	Part number	Release price (USD)
X2150	B0	4	1.9 GHz	N/A	2 MB			HD 8400		800 MHz	N/A	DDR3	22 W	May 2013	OX2150IAJ44HM	$99
X2170		4	2.4 GHz	N/A	2 MB			HD 8400		800 MHz	N/A	DDR3	25 W	September 2016	OX2170IXJ44JB

Embedded

Model	CPU			GPU			TDP	Memory
Model	Cores	Frequency	L2 Cache	Model	Config.	Frequency	TDP	Memory
GX-420CA	4	2.0 GHz	2 MB	HD 8400E	128:8:4	600 MHz	25 W	DDR3-1600 ECC
GX-416RA[26][27][28][29]		1.6 GHz		N/A			15 W
GX-415GA		1.5 GHz		HD 8330E	128:8:4	500 MHz	15 W
GX-412TC[30]		1.0 GHz		N/A			6 W	DDR3-1333 ECC
GX-411GA		1.1 GHz		HD 8210E	128:8:4	300 MHz	15 W	DDR3-1600 ECC
GX-217GA	2	1.65 GHz	1 MB	HD 8280E		450 MHz	15 W	DDR3-1600 ECC
GX-210HA		1.0 GHz		HD 8210E		300 MHz	09 W	DDR3-1333 ECC
GX-210JA		1.0 GHz		HD 8180E		225 MHz	06 W	DDR3-1066 ECC

Jaguar derivative and successor

In 2017 a derivative of the Jaguar microarchitecture was announced in the APU of Microsoft's Xbox One X (Project Scorpio) revision to the Xbox One.[31] The Project Scorpio APU is described as a 'customized' derivative of the Jaguar microarchitecture, utilizing eight cores clocked at 2.3 GHz.[32][33]

The Puma successor to Jaguar was released in 2014 and targeting entry level notebooks and tablets.[34]

References

"Software Optimization Guide for Family 16h Processors". AMD. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
"Xbox One vs. PS4: How the final hardware specs compare". ExtremeTech. November 22, 2013. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
"AMD releases 5 Kabinis and 3 Temashes". SemiAccurate. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
"AMD launches Opteron X-Series, Moving Jaguar into Servers". Bright Side Of News. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
"Slide detailing improvements of Jaguar over Bobcat". AMD. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
MACHKOVECH, SAM (2 August 2016). "Microsoft hid performance boosts for old games in Xbox One S, told no one". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
Walton, Mark (10 August 2016). "PS4 Neo: Sony confirms PlayStation event for September 7". Ars Technica. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Walton, Mark (19 April 2016). "Sony PS4K is codenamed NEO, features upgraded CPU, GPU, RAM—report". Ars Technica. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Smith, Ryan (8 September 2016). "Analyzing Sony's Playstation 4 Pro Hardware Reveal: What Lies Beneath". Anandtech. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
Freedman, Andrew (3 November 2017). "Xbox One X vs. PlayStation 4 Pro: Which Powerhouse Should You Get?". Tom's Guide. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
"PS4 Pro's additional RAM frees up memory for game developers". Polygon. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
http://www.anandtech.com/show/11536/microsofts-project-scorpio-get-a-launch-date-xbox-one-x-499-november-7th
https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2017/04/xbox-scorpio-hardware-specs/
Cutress, Ian (21 August 2017). "Hot Chips: Microsoft Xbox One X Scoprio Engine Live Blog". Anandtech. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Cutress, Ian (3 August 2018). "AMD Creates Quad Core Zen SoC with 24 Vega CUs for Chinese Consoles". Anandtech.
Cutress, Ian (6 August 2018). "More Details About the ZhongShan Subor Z+ Console, with Custom AMD Ryzen SoC". Anandtech.
Leadbetter, Richard (15 September 2018). "Hands-on with the Subor Z-Plus: AMD tech tested in new Chinese console". Retrieved 28 October 2018.
Leadbetter, Leadbetter (15 September 2018). Hands-On: Subor Z Plus Chinese PC/Console Hybrid - Ryzen+Vega AMD Analysis!. Eurogamer. Event occurs at 2 minutes 2 seconds. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
Smith, Ryan (16 April 2019). "Sony Teases Next-Gen PlayStation: Custom AMD Chip with Zen 2 CPU & Navi GPU, SSD Too". Anandtech.
AMD Radeon R3 5350 compare Nvidia GeForce GT 520 GPU
"AMD Introduces New Socketed AMD Sempron and AMD Athlon APU Products with AM1 Platform". AMD. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
"AMD introduces its Mini-PC based Kabini". Tech News Pedia. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
Shimpi, Anand. "AMD's Jaguar Architecture: The CPU Powering Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Kabini & Temash". AnandTech. Retrieved August 3, 2013.
"AMD Expands Elite Mobility APU Line-Up with New Quad-Core Processor". Amd.com. 2013-06-29. Retrieved 2013-10-23.
"AMD Quanta A4-1200 APU Tablet Prototype". YouTube. 2013-06-29. Retrieved 2013-10-23.
Shvets, Gennadiy. "AMD G-Series GX-416RA specifications". cpu-world.com. CPU-World. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
"AMD Embedded G-Series System-on-Chip (SOC)" (PDF). AMD. Retrieved 2013-11-10.
"Netboard A10". deciso.com. Deciso B.V. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
Schellevis, Jos. "Under the Hood: AMD G-Series SOC Delivers the Horsepower for Next Generation Firewalls". community.amd.com. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
"PC Engines apu2c2 product file". pcengines.ch. Retrieved 2016-07-15.
Leadbetter, Richard (6 April 2017). "Inside the next Xbox: Project Scorpio tech revealed". EuroGamer. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
Howse, Brett (3 November 2017). "The Xbox One X Review". Anandtech. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
Carbotte, Kevin (21 August 2017). "Microsoft Details Xbox One X Scorpio Engine SoC". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
Lal Shimpi, Anand (29 April 2014). "AMD Beema/Mullins Architecture & Performance Preview". Anandtech. Retrieved 17 April 2017.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[cconfig-6] Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units

[FLOPS-7] Precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.

[pixel_fillrate-8] Pixel fillrate is calculated as the number of ROPs multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.

[texture_fill-9] Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of TMUs multiplied by the base (or boost) core clock speed.

[bdhdr-10] UHD BD is the only video disc format supporting HDR.

[ramcache-11] Cache

[xboxdigital-13] "Digital" version does not have an optical drive.

[Rapid_Packed_Math-18] Feature preview of Rapid Packed Math, introduced in GCN 5 Vega.

[ramswap-20] Swap

[xsxram-29] A plain 320-bit 20GiB version could be made by just replacing four 1 GiB GDDR6 chips by 2 GiB ones.

[opti_guide-1] "Software Optimization Guide for Family 16h Processors". AMD. Retrieved August 3, 2013.

[2] "Xbox One vs. PS4: How the final hardware specs compare". ExtremeTech. November 22, 2013. Retrieved January 25, 2014.

[3] "AMD releases 5 Kabinis and 3 Temashes". SemiAccurate. Retrieved July 16, 2013.

[4] "AMD launches Opteron X-Series, Moving Jaguar into Servers". Bright Side Of News. Retrieved July 16, 2013.

[Slides-5] "Slide detailing improvements of Jaguar over Bobcat". AMD. Retrieved August 3, 2013.

[12] MACHKOVECH, SAM (2 August 2016). "Microsoft hid performance boosts for old games in Xbox One S, told no one". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2 August 2016.

[14] Walton, Mark (10 August 2016). "PS4 Neo: Sony confirms PlayStation event for September 7". Ars Technica. Retrieved 10 August 2016.

[15] Walton, Mark (19 April 2016). "Sony PS4K is codenamed NEO, features upgraded CPU, GPU, RAM—report". Ars Technica. Retrieved 10 August 2016.

[16] Smith, Ryan (8 September 2016). "Analyzing Sony's Playstation 4 Pro Hardware Reveal: What Lies Beneath". Anandtech. Retrieved 8 September 2016.

[17] Freedman, Andrew (3 November 2017). "Xbox One X vs. PlayStation 4 Pro: Which Powerhouse Should You Get?". Tom's Guide. Retrieved 3 November 2017.

[19] "PS4 Pro's additional RAM frees up memory for game developers". Polygon. Retrieved 2018-11-23.

[21] ttp://www.anandtech.com/show/11536/microsofts-project-scorpio-get-a-launch-date-xbox-one-x-499-november-7th

[22] ttps://arstechnica.com/gaming/2017/04/xbox-scorpio-hardware-specs/

[23] Cutress, Ian (21 August 2017). "Hot Chips: Microsoft Xbox One X Scoprio Engine Live Blog". Anandtech. Retrieved 21 August 2017.

[24] Cutress, Ian (3 August 2018). "AMD Creates Quad Core Zen SoC with 24 Vega CUs for Chinese Consoles". Anandtech.

[25] Cutress, Ian (6 August 2018). "More Details About the ZhongShan Subor Z+ Console, with Custom AMD Ryzen SoC". Anandtech.

[eurogamer-subor-26] Leadbetter, Richard (15 September 2018). "Hands-on with the Subor Z-Plus: AMD tech tested in new Chinese console". Retrieved 28 October 2018.

[df-subor-unboxing-27] Leadbetter, Leadbetter (15 September 2018). Hands-On: Subor Z Plus Chinese PC/Console Hybrid - Ryzen+Vega AMD Analysis!. Eurogamer. Event occurs at 2 minutes 2 seconds. Retrieved 28 October 2018.

[28] Smith, Ryan (16 April 2019). "Sony Teases Next-Gen PlayStation: Custom AMD Chip with Zen 2 CPU & Navi GPU, SSD Too". Anandtech.

[30] AMD Radeon R3 5350 compare Nvidia GeForce GT 520 GPU

[31] "AMD Introduces New Socketed AMD Sempron and AMD Athlon APU Products with AM1 Platform". AMD. Retrieved 9 April 2014.

[32] "AMD introduces its Mini-PC based Kabini". Tech News Pedia. Retrieved July 16, 2013.

[33] Shimpi, Anand. "AMD's Jaguar Architecture: The CPU Powering Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Kabini & Temash". AnandTech. Retrieved August 3, 2013.

[34] "AMD Expands Elite Mobility APU Line-Up with New Quad-Core Processor". Amd.com. 2013-06-29. Retrieved 2013-10-23.

[35] "AMD Quanta A4-1200 APU Tablet Prototype". YouTube. 2013-06-29. Retrieved 2013-10-23.

[cpuworld-gx-416ra-36] Shvets, Gennadiy. "AMD G-Series GX-416RA specifications". cpu-world.com. CPU-World. Retrieved 1 March 2015.

[37] "AMD Embedded G-Series System-on-Chip (SOC)" (PDF). AMD. Retrieved 2013-11-10.

[NetboardA10-38] "Netboard A10". deciso.com. Deciso B.V. Retrieved 1 March 2015.

[AMD-NewFirewalls-39] Schellevis, Jos. "Under the Hood: AMD G-Series SOC Delivers the Horsepower for Next Generation Firewalls". community.amd.com. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Retrieved 1 March 2015.

[40] "PC Engines apu2c2 product file". pcengines.ch. Retrieved 2016-07-15.

[41] Leadbetter, Richard (6 April 2017). "Inside the next Xbox: Project Scorpio tech revealed". EuroGamer. Retrieved 6 April 2017.

[42] Howse, Brett (3 November 2017). "The Xbox One X Review". Anandtech. Retrieved 18 May 2018.

[43] Carbotte, Kevin (21 August 2017). "Microsoft Details Xbox One X Scorpio Engine SoC". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved 18 May 2018.

[44] Lal Shimpi, Anand (29 April 2014). "AMD Beema/Mullins Architecture & Performance Preview". Anandtech. Retrieved 17 April 2017.