Iron Gates Mesolithic
The Iron Gates Mesolithic is a Mesolithic archaeological culture, dating to between 11,000 and 3,500 years BCE, in the Iron Gates region of the Danube River, in modern Romania and Serbia.
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| Geographical range | Iron Gates, Danube Valley |
| Period | Mesolithic |
| Dates | 11,000–3500 BCE |
| Type site | Lepenski Vir |
| Preceded by | Epigravettian |
| Followed by | First Temperate Neolithic |
Major sites within this archaeological complex include Lepenski Vir. Stages at this site dated at c. 6300–6000 BCE have been described as "the first city in Europe",[1] due to its permanency, organisation, as well as the sophistication of its architecture and construction techniques.[2][3] Lepenski Vir consists of one large settlement with around 10 satellite villages. Numerous piscine sculptures and peculiar architecture have been found at the site.
Genetics
A February 2018 study published in Nature included an analysis of a large number of individuals from the Iron Gates Mesolithic dating from 9500 BC to 5000 BC. They were most closely related to Western European hunter-gatherers, but with some additional affinity toward Eastern European hunter-gatherers and Anatolian Neolithic farmers. Their most common maternal haplogroup was U5, typical of European hunter-gatherers, but they also carried haplogroups U4, K1, and a single case of H13. Their paternal haplogroups were I and R, which predominated in other European hunter-gatherers as well. Where a finer classification was possible, the R was specifically R1b1a-L754 (not belonging to subclade R1b1a1a-P297), and the I belonged to I2a-L460. [4]
See also
Footnotes
- Pavlović, 20 August 2017, p. 20.
- Pavlović, 23 August 2017.
- Rusu, 2011.
- Mathieson 2018.
Bibliography
- Geoff Bailey & Penny Spikins, Mesolithic Europe, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
- Hristivoje Pavlović, "Tajne Lepenskog Vira I - Prvi grad u Evropi", Politika (in Serbian), 20 August 2017
- Hristivoje Pavlović, "Tajne Lepenskog Vira IV - Zapanjujuća veština obrade kamena", Politika (in Serbian) 23 August 2017.
- Ivana Radovanović, The Iron Gates Mesolithic Ann Arbor, International Monographs in Prehistory, 1996.
- Aurelian I. Rusu, "Lepenski Vir – Schela Cladovei culture’s chronology and its interpretation", Acta Musei, VI. 1, 2011.
- Mathieson, Iain (February 21, 2018). "The Genomic History of Southeastern Europe". Nature. Nature Research. 555 (7695): 197–203. doi:10.1038/nature25778. PMC 6091220. PMID 29466330. Retrieved January 7, 2020.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)