Indian locomotive class WAP-4

Specifications
Configuration:;
• AAR	C-C
• UIC	Co'-Co'
Gauge	5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)
Bogies	Co-Co Flexicoil Mark 90 cast bogies; primary and secondary wheel springs with bolsters
Wheel diameter	New:1,092 mm (3 ft 7 in); Half worn: 1,055 mm (3 ft 5 1⁄2 in); Full worn: 1,016 mm (3 ft 4 in)
Length	18.794 m (61 ft 7 29⁄32 in)
Width	3.179 m (10 ft 5 5⁄32 in)
Height	4.272 m (14 ft 3⁄16 in)
Axle load	18,800 kg (41,400 lb)
Loco weight	112,800 kg (248,700 lb)
Electric system/s	25 kV 50 Hz AC Overhead
Current pickup(s)	pantograph
Traction motors	Hitachi HS15250
Loco brake	Air
Train brakes	Air
Safety systems	Slip control, Over voltage relay, Main overload relay, Earth Fault Relay, Low Pressure Governor, Brake Cylinder Cutoff Valve, Train parting alarms and No OHE volt relay

Type and origin
Power type	Electric
Builder	Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, West Bengal, India
Build date	1993 till 2 December 2015
Total produced	778 as of August 2016 (Production Ceased)

WAP-4
	A WAP-4 hauls the Swarna Jayanti Express.
Type and origin
Power type	Electric
Builder	Chittaranjan Locomotive Works, West Bengal, India
Build date	1993 till 2 December 2015
Total produced	778 as of August 2016 (Production Ceased)
Specifications
Configuration:;
• AAR	C-C
• UIC	Co'-Co'
Gauge	5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm)
Bogies	Co-Co Flexicoil Mark 90 cast bogies; primary and secondary wheel springs with bolsters
Wheel diameter	New:1,092 mm (3 ft 7 in); Half worn: 1,055 mm (3 ft 5 1⁄2 in); Full worn: 1,016 mm (3 ft 4 in)
Length	18.794 m (61 ft 7 29⁄32 in)
Width	3.179 m (10 ft 5 5⁄32 in)
Height	4.272 m (14 ft 3⁄16 in)
Axle load	18,800 kg (41,400 lb)
Loco weight	112,800 kg (248,700 lb)
Electric system/s	25 kV 50 Hz AC Overhead
Current pickup(s)	pantograph
Traction motors	Hitachi HS15250
Loco brake	Air
Train brakes	Air
Safety systems	Slip control, Over voltage relay, Main overload relay, Earth Fault Relay, Low Pressure Governor, Brake Cylinder Cutoff Valve, Train parting alarms and No OHE volt relay
Performance figures
Maximum speed	140 km/h (87 mph)
Power output	Continuous: 5,050 hp (3,766 kW)
Tractive effort	Starting : 30,800 kgf (302 kN; 68,000 lbf)
Career
Operators	Indian Railways
Numbers	22061 and from 22201-22399 and 22500-22999 and 25000-25051
Locale	All over India
Disposition	Active

The WAP-4 (Wide gauge, AC traction, Passenger service, 4th in series) is a class of passenger hauling electric locomotive used in Indian Railways.

WAP-4 loco of Erode shed; Erode owns highest no. of WAP 4 locomotives

The locomotive was developed after its predecessor, the WAP-1, was found inadequate to haul the longer, heavier express trains (24-26 coaches) that were becoming the mainstay of the Indian Railways network. It was introduced in 1994, with a similar body-shell to the WAP-1 class, but with Hitachi traction motors. The electrical systems are traditional direct-current loco type tap changers, driving six traction motors arranged in Co-Co fashion. The locomotive has proved to be highly successful, with more than 750 units in service. Newer examples have been fitted with microprocessor-controlled diagnostics, static converter units (instead of arnos) and roof-mounted dynamic (rheostatic) brakes. The locomotive can be seen in service across the entire electrified network of Indian Railways and is homed at 14 locomotive sheds.

Production of this class was halted in December 2015 with locomotive number 25051 being the last unit to be rolled out of Chittaranjan Locomotive Works.

Design

The loco has a streamlined twin cab carbody design, with twin beam, top-mounted headlamps. The first 150 or so units had the headlamp mounted at waist level, with the lights being mounted in a protruding nacelle. Some earlier locos, especially from the Erode loco shed have the headlamps placed on the top. Later on the headlamps were placed in a recessed nacelle, and from road #22579 onward, the headlamps were moved to the top.

The loco is equipped with digital notch repeaters. Newer locos also feature larger windshields, more spacious driver cabin with bucket seats and ergonomic controls. The control panel has a mix of digital and analog displays in newer units while the older units were mostly analog.

Original units weighed 120 tonnes, which was later brought down to 112 tonnes through the usage of lighter material.

Some of the WAP-1 and WAP-3 and all the WAP-6 units were rebuilt to WAP-4 specifications after replacing the bogies & electricals.

It has different underframe for handling larger buffing loads. Some units are fitted with speed recorders and some changes to control electronics. Some units also have data recorders for energy consumption. Some are even fitted with windshield washers and rearview mirrors. Few were provided with signalling lamps which were subsequently removed.

Technical variants include WAP-4E which are probably fitted with electronic sensors for sensing pipe pressure loss.

The Hitachi traction motors are the ones used on freight engines. It was a challenge to put these in a passenger engine due to weight constraints. So the transformer is aluminum foil-wound and aluminum chequered plates are used for reducing the weight.

415 volts, three-phase, 50 Hz power supply is used to drive various auxiliary motors like (1) Traction motor blowers (2) Transformer radiater blower (3) Transformer oil pump (4) Smoothing Reactor Blowers (5) Silicon Rectifier Blowers (6) Battery charger. The three-phase, 415 volt supply is obtained from the single phase supply by Arno converter or static converter.

Indian railways has installed microprocessor based fault diagnostic system and Vigilance Control Device for the enhancement of safety and reliability of electric Locomotives. Some of the newly manufactured WAP-4 locomotives also have air conditioning system for the loco pilot.

Performance

If the average weight of ICF coach is 55 tonnes then it can haul the following capacity in tonnes:

Gradient	Start	20 km/h	40 km/h	60 km/h	70 km/h	80 km/h	90 km/h	100 km/h	110 km/h	120 km/h	130 km/h	140 km/h	150 km/h	160 km/h
Level	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1155	805	570
1 in 500	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1105	805	565	400
1 in 200	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1320	1230	1035	730	535	375	260
1 in 150	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1500+	1405	1090	1020	860	610	445	310	215
1 in 100	1500+	1570	1490	1405	1365	1195	1020	795	750	635	445	320	220	145
1 in 50	1160	770	750	720	710	625	530	410	390	325	220	150	90	45

Technical specifications

A WAP-4 Locomotive at Secunderabad

Front view of the WAP-4

Technical Specifications of WAP-4[1]
Gear Ratio	58:23 (One loco, #22559, was said to have a 59:23)
Transformer	5400 kVA, 32 taps
Transformer cooling	Forced oil with Forced Air
Transformer Insulation	A
Pantographs	Two Stone India (Calcutta) AM-12.
Rectifiers	Two silicon rectifiers
Rectifier Cooling	Forced air
Current Ratings	1300 A for 2 min, 1100 A for 10 min, 960 A for 60 min, 900 A continuous
Drive arrangement	Gear pinion
Number of sandboxes	4
2 headlights	90 W, 24 V
Lead acid battery	10 Batteries each of 11 V, 75 Ah Capacity.
Arno Converter	1420 rpm
2 Elgi Compressors	1000 l/minute at 7.5 kg/cm².
2 compressor motors	3 phase 12.5 hp and 380 V
2 SF India Ltd. Traction motor blowers	MLBR-42.5-144 type
2 Siemens Traction motor blower motors	22 kW, 415 V, 50 A and 2820 rpm
2 SF India Ltd. Smoothing Reactor Blower	PFTA-50, ARR6 type
Traction Motor Suspension	Axle-hung, nose suspended
Traction motor weight	3650 kg
Armature temperature rise	90 °C
Field temperature rise	70 °C
Commutator temperature rise	85 °C
Armature coil resistance at 110 °C	0.0126 ohms
Field coil resistance at 110 °C	0.0117 ohms
Commutator coil resistance at 110 °C	0.089 ohms
Traction motor continuous rating	675 kW (905 hp), 750 V, 900 A and 895 rpm
Traction motor 1 hour rating	1030 hp, 750 V and 877 rpm
Traction Motor air gap main place	6.35 mm
Traction motor air gap inter-pole	10 mm
Traction motor	6 P
2 SF India Ltd. silicon rectifier blower	3100–3200 m/hr
2 Rectifier blower motor	22 kW, 415 V, 8 A, 2860 rpm and 60 kg(approx)
Oil cooler blower motor	30 hp, 380 V, 43 A and 1450 rpm
BEST and Co. Pvt. Ltd. Transformer Oil Pump	750 l/minute
Oil pump motor	3.3 kW, 415 V, 6.6 A and 2865 rpm
SL-30 type smoothing reactor	1250 V and 1350 A.
Smoothing reactor resistance at 110 °C	0.00718 ohms
Notches	32

Image Gallery

Indian Locomotive WAP-4 Erode
22530, off POH+RC+RP @ KPA, 16-02-2019
ELS Arakkonam Jn.
WAP4-22291Howrah
Ghaziabad based WAP 4 with large model number similar to Ghaziabad based WAP 5 & WAP 7

Locomotive sheds

Zone	Name	Shed Code	Quantity
Central Railway	Bhusawal	BSL	43
Eastern Railway	Asansol	ASN	18
Eastern Railway	Howrah	HWH	73
East Central Railway	Pt. DD Upadhyaya Junction	DDU	92
East Coast Railway	Visakhapatnam	VSKP	21
Northern Railway	Tughlakabad	TKD(D)	29
North Central Railway	Jhansi	JHS	18
North Central Railway	Kanpur	CNB	30
North Eastern Railway	Gonda	GD(D)	13
Southern Railway	Arakkonam	AJJ	77
Southern Railway	Erode	ED	74
South Central Railway	Vijayawada	BZA	68
South Eastern Railway	Santragachi	SRC	70
Western Railway	Vadodara	BRC	47
Western Railway	Valsad	BL	25
West Central Railway	Itarsi	ET	75
Total Locomotives Active as of 01-06-2020[2]			773

References

Notes

"Indian AC electric loco information". Irfca.org. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
"e-Locos".

Bibliography

Hughes, Hugh (1996). Indian Locomotives: Part 4 – 1941–1990. Harrow, Middlesex: The Continental Railway Circle. ISBN 0-9521655-1-1.

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[1] "Indian AC electric loco information". Irfca.org. Retrieved 3 April 2013.

[2] "e-Locos".