Hokkien architecture

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Before the Hokkien underwent sinicization between 7th to 13th century, the region was inhabited by the Minyue people, a branch of Baiyue aboriginals. The Minyue State's Imperial City (Traditional Chinese: 閩越王城遺址) gave some clues about what their architectural style was like.

Swallowtail roof (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ìnn-bé-tsiah; Traditional Chinese: 燕尾脊, literally "swallowtail ridge") is a feature rarely (if at all) seen in non-Hoklo Han Chinese architecture. It is very common in Hokkien and Taiwan. The term refers to a roof that has an upward-curving ridge shaped like the tail of a swallow. The degree of curving may vary. The "swallowtail" in question can be single- or double-layered and is typically decorated with a large amount of colorful carvings.[2][3] This feature originated in 16th century (Ming Dynasty). At that time, Hoklo people suddenly became rich from doing business with Western European merchants, and decided that they would like to show off their newfound wealth - resulting in this garish architectural style.[4] Due to its bright and showy nature, this architectural feature is commonly found in major temples, mansions, and ancestral halls.

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  Nanfeng Ancestral Temple at Chiàu-an, Changchow, Hokkien.
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  Mahavira Hall of Lâm-soaⁿ Temple, Changchow, Hokkien.
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  A Mazu temple in Chiayi City, Taiwan.
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  Lee Teng-fan's Ancient Residence, Taoyuan. Many Hakka clans in Taiwan adopted Minnan architecture.
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  A shrine for Tudigong, a Taoist earth deity, in Kaohsiung, Taiwan; It is an example of a less garish swallowtail roof.
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  Front entrance of Thian Hock Keng Temple, Singapore.
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  Historical image of a Mazu Temple in Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. The building was burned in 1997 during anti-Chinese riot in the city. The temple was being rebuilt and renamed as Vihara Ibu Agung Bahari.
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  Khoo Kongsi in Penang, Malaysia.
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  Chong Hock Tong Temple at the Manila Chinese Cemetery in Manila, Philippines

Cut porcelain carving (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tsián-huî-tiau; Traditional Chinese: 剪瓷雕, literally "cut porcelain carving") is also prevalent among Hoklo architecture and, to a lesser extent, Vietnamese one.[5][6] Traditionally, Hoklo porcelain artists would often gather small colored porcelain artifacts (such as bowls and other eating utensils), cut and/or grind them into smaller fragments, and then paste these fragments onto sculptures attached to buildings for the purpose of decoration. This art is frequently used on the ridges, window frames, and doors of temples and larger residence, often in conjunction with swallowtail roof. The topic of these sculptures may vary - ranging from plants and animals to figures from Chinese mythology or Hoklo folktales. In Taiwan, a new style has even been formed by combining cut porcelain carving with cochin ware.

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  A Chinese dragon sculpture on the roof of Amoy Memorial Temple of Lord Guan, Amoy, Hokkien.
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  Cut porcelain carving decorations above the main door of Nanfeng Ancestral Temple.
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  Cut porcelain carving decorations on Beipu Citian Temple, Hsinchu County, Taiwan.

The Huang Family Qianrang Estate, in Taipei, Taiwan, is a Sanheyuan.

Sanheyuan (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sam-ha̍h-īnn; Traditional Chinese: 三合院, literally "Three-combo building") is a type of building found throughout most of the Greater China region. They are residence with structures on three sides of a courtyard, forming an inverted U-shape. While this style is shared by nearly all Han Chinese groups, Hokkien Sanheyuan have been noted to use multiple wings (called "protecting dragons" in Taiwan) to spread outward, a trait quite distinctive to Hoklo.[7]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tenement houses in Amoy.

Têng-á-kha (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Têng-á-kha; Traditional Chinese: 亭仔跤) is a style of architecture found in much of Southern China and considered the Hokkien counterpart of Cantonese tong lau. It is a style that incorporates elements from Western European architecture, arising in late 18th century due to the presence of Western European merchants in Hokkien. A typical têng-á-kha has a ground floor used for running some sort of business (such as a grocery store) and upper floors that are used for residential purpose. Amoy's têng-á-khas are said to be marked by having pink and white as main colorings, use of streets full of têng-á-khas as markets, and distribution of têng-á-khas in net-like structures.[8] The city of Chinchew has also been noted to have a well-preserved set of têng-á-khas.[9]

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  Zhongshan Road, Amoy, is filled with têng-á-khas.
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  The Hayasi Department Store in Tainan, Taiwan, is also considered a good example of têng-á-kha.
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  Calle Rosario(Modern Quintin Paredes St.), Binondo, Manila, Philippines, 1915.

• Architecture of Taiwan
• Architecture of Singapore
• Cantonese architecture
• Hakka architecture
• Architecture of Jiangxi
• Chinese architecture